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Point of Common Coupling From IEEE 519A Applications Guide (Draft)
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IEEE Std 519-1992 is a useful document for understanding harmonics and applying harmonic limits in power systems. Despite many years of good use there is still some confusion about how to apply certain aspects of the standard. This paper discusses some of those, as well as related issues that are helpful in working with harmonic limits. There is co...
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... 519 recommends specific limits to ensure the quality of power at the PCC. According to [9], it stipulates that the total harmonic distortion should not exceed 5%, and individual voltage distortion should be within 3%. Additionally, it provides guidelines for limiting the current distortion concerning the short circuit current (Isc) to load current ratio (IL), emphasizing the attenuation of higher-order harmonic components. ...
... Standards and regulations [1], [2], [3], [4], [9], [10][34] ✓ Different modeling methods [18], [20], [35] SRF and SF Filter designing [10], [36], [37], [38], [39] with minimum energy storage Different control techniques [21], [22], [17], [40]. [41] VOC with PI and PR controllers Controller tuning techniques [23], [24] ZN, PSO and GA implementation ...
... The plant function, considering all aspects outlined in section III, and tested it in MATLAB/SIMULINK. This testing helps us select accurate parameters in line with standard requirements [4], [9]. The controller gain values have been diligently calculated using three distinct methods to optimize controller performance during operation. ...
... Similarly, as per IEEE standard 519-1992, the total harmonic distortion (THD) rate must be less than 5% of the fundamental frequency, and each particular harmonic distortion should not be more than 3% [6]. If the THD exceeds the abovementioned limit, it will be considered a severe power quality concern. ...
... If the THD exceeds the abovementioned limit, it will be considered a severe power quality concern. According to international standards, such systems are not recognized [6]. As a result, the lifespan of electronic equipment is shortened because of the harm done to its delicate components [7]. ...
... The lowest THD percentage was observed with SPWM with ANN control strategy, with only 1.83% THD. However, both controllers with different inverter types have almost similar values and whiten accepted levels which are below the 5%THD [6]. ...
Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy is considered one of the highest renewable energy (RE) resources worldwide. Hence, PV system installation capacity is increasing, triggering new power quality problems in grid systems. Some examples of these problems include unbalanced voltages, fluctuating power levels, harmonic distortions, or reverse power flow. To mitigate the adverse impacts of PV integration on voltage regulation and harmonic distortion in electrical distribution systems, a distribution static synchronous compensation (D-STATCOM) is considered a solution. A simulation study is performed by modeling a power system model with an integrated PV system and D-STATCOM. Two control schemes, proportional-integral (PI) and artificial neural network (ANN), were applied within the internal control of D-STATCOM to enhance the power quality of the power system. Two different inverter configurations were adapted, a sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and a hysteresis current controller (HCC). Results are obtained as voltage profiles for all the considered control schemes with different inverter types under different contingency conditions. The performance is also evaluated by control characteristics evaluation for different controllers. The controller ANN has better performance than the PI controller and it can mitigate power quality problems and the impact of the PV integration on voltage regulation and harmonic distortion.
... 519 recommends specific limits to ensure the quality of power at the PCC. According to [9], it stipulates that the total harmonic distortion should not exceed 5%, and individual voltage distortion should be within 3%. Additionally, it provides guidelines for limiting the current distortion concerning the short circuit current (Isc) to load current ratio (IL), emphasizing the attenuation of higher-order harmonic components. ...
... Standards and regulations [1], [2], [3], [4], [9], [10][34] ✓ Different modeling methods [18], [20], [35] SRF and SF Filter designing [10], [36], [37], [38], [39] with minimum energy storage Different control techniques [21], [22], [17], [40]. [41] VOC with PI and PR controllers Controller tuning techniques [23], [24] ZN, PSO and GA implementation ...
... The plant function, considering all aspects outlined in section III, and tested it in MATLAB/SIMULINK. This testing helps us select accurate parameters in line with standard requirements [4], [9]. The controller gain values have been diligently calculated using three distinct methods to optimize controller performance during operation. ...
In this study the grid impedance-based stability is concerned and improve the inverter stability for lower-voltage distribution networks. Also proposes the optimal filter and controller parameters for weak grids, considering IEEE std 519. The two methods are employed to enhance the inverter stability: (A). Changing the output impedance of the VSI by adjusting the grid-side inductance, (B). Optimizing the parameters for filter design and VSI controller. Ziegler-Nichols (ZN), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and a real coded Genetic Algorithm (GA) are used to obtain the optimized CCL parameters to maintain the VSI stability and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) level at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) during the parametric uncertainty. The VSI-based system connected to the weak grid and in standalone mode is simulated on a real-time simulator, i.e., Typhoon HIL, to validate the effectiveness of obtained optimized CCL parameters by changing various conditions like filter inductance variation, grid Short Circuit Ratio (SCR), output power regulation and sudden load change in a standalone distribution network. The MATLAB/SIMULINK with m-files is utilized for the parameters optimization and controller model simulation purposes for VSI-based system. This paper presents a comprehensive review on how to choose the best inverter component parameters and their impact under different real-world conditions, whether the inverter is connected to the grid or not.
... Timbulnya gejala gelombang yang berfrekuensi tinggi atau biasa disebut harmonisa. Untuk meredam agar tidak keluar ke instalasi atau dari instalasi agar tidak masuk ke sistem inverter maka perlu diberi rangkaian filter EMI (Elektromagnetic Interference) (Blooming, & Carnovale, 2006;Burlaka, Gulakov, Podnebennaya, & Kudinova, 2020). Salah satu akibat gangguan permasalahan electromagnetic compability (EMC) adalah terjadinya gangguan secara internal maupun eksternal yang dapat merusak komponen elektromagnetik lain, bahkan ledakan pada peralatan (Ahmad et al., 2019). ...
Agar tidak terputus dengan sumber energi listrik maka di perlukan sistem backup. Salah satunya adalah dengan sistem charging di saat PLN menyala dan menyimpannya di akumulator untuk di gunakan pada saat pemadaman oleh PLN. Namun pada saat charging dilakukan listrik yang di simpan ke akumulator berupa arus DC sehingga perlu di rubah kembali ke arus AC yaitu dengan inverter AC to DC. Sistem inverter menggunakan swiching yang menimbulkan harmonisa. Gangguan pada sistem tenaga listrik yang di akibatkan oleh distorsi gelombang dan arus di sebut harmonisa. Harmonisa bisa menyebabkan kerusakan gelombang sinusidal menjadi tidak sinusidal lagi yang di sebabkan oleh gelombang frekuensi tinggi yang merupakan kelipatan dari frekuensi fundamental. Untuk mereduksi harmonik adalah dengan pemasangan filter emi pada output inverter. Penelitian ini mengukur berapa nilai efektifitas pemasangan filter menggunakan software Labview 2014 pada inverter custom low inverter 500 watt dengan beban induktif, resistif, kapasitif menggunakan software labview dan instrument NI Mydaq. Hasil dari penelitian adalah di perlukan daya stanby/tanpa beban pada filter emi common mode sebesar 0.03 Amper pada tegangan 220VAC. Pada kondisi tanpa beban terjadi kenaikan pada THDv sebesar 0.03 dari sebelum filter 1.7% menjadi 1.739%, dan penurunan THDi 0.12 dari 1.311% menjadi 1.119%. Pada kondisi dengan beban induktif terjadi penurunan pada THDv sebesar 0.104 dari sebelum filter 1.202% menjadi 1.098%, dan THDi sebesar 0.099% dari sebelum filter 1.325% menjadi 1.226%. Pada kondisi dengan beban resistif terjadi penurunan pada THDv sebesar 0.12 dari sebelum filter sebesar 1.218% menjadi 1.09%, dan THDi sebesar 0.003 dari sebelum fiter 1.144% menjadi 1.114%. Pada kondisi dengan beban kapasitif terjadi kenaikan pada THDv sebesar 0.185 dari sebelum filter sebesar 1.219% menjadi 1.404% dan mengalami penurunan pada THDi sebesar 0.035 dari sebelum filter sebesar 1.44% menjadi 1.109%. Kata Kunci: Filter Emi, Harmonisa, Inverter, LabView, Reduksi
... It is typically required to be within a certain range to ensure the stability and normal operation of the power system. According to [29], for generating equipment where the ratio of maximum short-circuit current to maximum demand load current (fundamental component) at the point of common coupling is less than 20, the THD should be kept within 5.0%. Additionally, in [30], the assessment of harmonics is extended to include the limitation of the maximum 50th harmonic, at which point, a sampling period of 50 s µ already meets the requirement. ...
This research introduces an improved control strategy for an active power filter (APF) system. It utilizes an adaptive super-twisting sliding mode control (STSMC) scheme. The proposed approach integrates an interval type-2 fuzzy neural network with a self-feedback recursive structure (IT2FNN-SFR) to enhance the overall performance of the APF system. The IT2FNN with STSMC proposed here consists of two components, with one being IT2FNN-SFR, which demonstrates robustness for uncertain systems and the ability to utilize historical information. The IT2FNN-SFR estimator is used to approximate the unknown nonlinear function within the APF. Simultaneously, the STSMC component is integrated to reduce system chattering, improving control precision and overall system performance. STSMC combines the robustness and simplicity of traditional sliding mode control, effectively addressing the chattering problem. To mitigate inaccuracies and complexities associated with manual parameter setting, an adaptive law of sliding mode gain is formulated to achieve optimal gain solutions. This adaptive law is designed within the STSMC framework, facilitating parameter optimization. Experimental validation is conducted to verify the harmonic suppression capability of the control strategy. The THD corresponding to the designed control algorithm is 4.16%, which is improved by 1.24% and 0.55% compared to ASMC and STSMC, respectively, which is below the international standard requirement of 5%. Similarly, the designed controller also demonstrates advantages in dynamic performance: when the load decreases, it is 4.72%, outperforming ASMC and STSMC by 1.15% and 0.38%, respectively; when the load increases, it is 3.87%, surpassing ASMC and STSMC by 1.07% and 0.36%, respectively.
... The balance is achieved through the suppression of the negative and zero sequence signals through appropriate controllers. The overall controller produces 1.15% total harmonic distortion, which is within the IEEE 519 standard specifies that total harmonic distortion (THD) in systems below 69kV should be limited to 5% with each individual harmonic limited to 3% [11]. In conclusion, optimal control of the microgrid requires the control of all sequence components in the dqframe. ...
The concept of microgrids has gained popularity in the distribution of electricity to the final consumer. Regardless of the benefits of the microgrids, their control in the islanded mode is difficult. For instance, the presence of single phase loads, which are not evenly distributed across the three phases can cause voltage unbalance. During islanded operation, zero-sequence currents are generated as a consequence of voltage unbalance. In microgrids, which are fed with three-phase, four-wire inverters, the zero-sequence currents add up in the neutral conductor to increase neutral voltage and affect the performance of harmonic compensators. The main objective of this research was to develop a method for extracting positive, negative, and zero sequence components for control purposes. Negative and zero sequence components are then suppressed to improve the performance of the controllers. The results of the research show that the suppression of the negative and zero sequence components result in minimal harmonics (1.15%) and the voltage imbalance is below 3% as specified American National Standard (ANS) for Electric Power Systems and Equipment ANSI C84.1
... The expression of harmonics as a percentage of the fundamental can help to understand relative harmonic levels [38]. However, this work grouped the fundamental component and harmonics to order 40 in an RMS value. ...
... In Fig. 10, the voltage of the sinusoidal network is without distortion. But the network voltage, in Fig. 11, has a series of harmonic components according to the IEEE 519-1992 standard [30], the amount of harmonic distortion of the total voltage is limited to 5%. Accordingly, we have considered the amount of voltage distortion to be 4.82%, which has 3.5%, 3%, 1% and 1% of the fifth, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonic, respectively. ...
... So, the amount of harmonic distortion of the flow in Fig. 14. is 19.4% for the Fuzzy PI controller and 2.39% for the novel proposed ones. According to the standards IEEE 1547 and IEEE 519-1992 [30], which allows the harmonic value of current up to 5%, it is a suitable value. All numerical results were derived after 25 runs according to the Monte Carlo simulation [31,32]. ...
The importance and application of state-of-the-art control techniques in the grid networks of inverter-based distributed generation units not only improve the performance in unbalanced situations but also supplement the efficiency of the system in normal conditions. Intelligent control is necessary and mandatory due to the unbalanced load distribution that occurs permanently in the three phases of the microgrid. A current controller, in this research, used in distributed generation sources is presented and is designed to compensate for high harmonics and a suitable dynamic speed to track the reference current in a short transient time. Our innovative controller is composed of a repetitive control to eliminate harmonics and an adaptive fuzzy type-2 proportional-integral (PI) control. This controller not only performs simultaneous compensation of harmonics and has a suitable dynamic response to track the reference current in a small transient time, but also improves the bandwidth and stability of the system. Finally, the performance and result of the controller are shown by simulation for a three-phase converter connected to the network of local non-linear loads.
... In relation to what is described in CFE L000-45 on the maximum limits of total harmonic distortion in voltage and individual harmonic component, there is no non-compliance with the regulation, see Table 4 and 5 (Blooming, 2006;IEEE, 1993;CFE, 2005 The CFE L000-45 standard is taken into account again to verify compliance with the values obtained, as described in the Table of maximum harmonic distortion allowed in current. Below are the results in which it is observed that there is a non-compliance of regulations, see Table 6 and 7 (Blooming, 2006;IEEE, 1993;CFE, 2005 ...
... In relation to what is described in CFE L000-45 on the maximum limits of total harmonic distortion in voltage and individual harmonic component, there is no non-compliance with the regulation, see Table 4 and 5 (Blooming, 2006;IEEE, 1993;CFE, 2005 The CFE L000-45 standard is taken into account again to verify compliance with the values obtained, as described in the Table of maximum harmonic distortion allowed in current. Below are the results in which it is observed that there is a non-compliance of regulations, see Table 6 and 7 (Blooming, 2006;IEEE, 1993;CFE, 2005 ...
... In relation to what is described in CFE L000-45 on the maximum limits of total harmonic distortion in voltage and individual harmonic component, the following results are presented, in which the percentage values of harmonic distortion are broken down, there is no noncompliance of the regulation (Blooming, 2006;IEEE, 1993;CFE, 2005), see Table 11 and The CFE L000-45 standard is taken into account again to verify compliance with the values obtained. The results are presented below in Tables 13 and 14, in which no noncompliance with regulations is observed (Blooming, 2006;IEEE, 1993;CFE, 2005 ...
This study exposes the measurements of electrical parameters carried out with a power quality analyzer in a transformer. The first measurement taking into account a capacitor bank that was already installed and then taking it out of operation. It presents the results graphed in "Power Log" and analyzed with respect to the standards CFE-L00045, IEEE 519- 1992 and the Regulatory Manual of Technical Requirements for the Connection of Load Centers. By disconnecting the capacitor bank, with the data records obtained from the measurement, it is possible to consider adding a harmonic filter that is presented as the proposal for improving the quality of electrical power, since it achieves an increase from 0.73 to 0.98 in the power factor without compromising the permissible values of harmonics in the system. The filter is calculated and simulated in "DigSILENT Power Factory" to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal.
... These Power Electronic loads are being widely used for the industrial as well as domestic applications. Some of the common loads are computers, Fluorescent lamp, switch mode power supply (SMPS), uninterrupted power supply (UPS), adjustable speed drives (ASD) etc. [1]. These loads possess various advantages. ...