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Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is an invasive weed that causes serious issues for rivers, lakes, and other reservoirs around the world, although it can be an excellent source for bioactive compounds such as phytosterols and some steroids found in many plants. Pistia stratiotes belongs to family Araceae. Its leaves are traditionally used agai...
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Pistia stratiotes is an invasive weed that causes serious issues for rivers, lakes, and other reservoirs around the world, although it can be an excellent source for bioactive compounds such as phytosterols and some steroids found in many plants. It belongs to family Araceae. Its leaves are traditionally used against ringworm infection of scalp, bo...
Pistia stratiotes L. commonly known as water cabbage, water lettuce, Nile cabbage, or shellflower. Its leaves are traditionally used against ringworm infection of scalp, boils and syphilitic eruptions. Traditionally, oil extracts is used for treatment of tuberculosis, asthma and dysentery. Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is an invasive weed t...
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... According to Abdullah et al. (2020), bioactive components like n-hexadecanoic acid act as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agent, and antifungal properties are seen in the methyl ester of hexadecanoic acid (Beulah et al., 2018). 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid has distinct properties such as antimicrobial and antifouling (Abubacker & Deepalakshmi, 2013), whereas methyl stearate shows antibacterial activity (Tyagia & Argawak, 2017). As a result, each phytochemical found in the methanolic extract of Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) ...
Although Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Amin is not currently used by pharmacists; it has great potential for future medicinal use. According to both Ayurvedic texts and modern research, the leaves of Launaea procumbens have galactagogue, diuretic, antifungal, anorexic, anti-arthritic, and hepatoprotective properties. In this communication, various sections of L. procumbens , a member of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family is characterized pharmacognostically. Extracts were tested qualitatively for various constituents, revealing the presence of lignans, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, and flavonoids. The leaves and stems were extracted using four different solvents: methanol, chloroform, distilled water, and petroleum ether, with methanol and chloroform extracts showing more significant results than petroleum ether and distilled water extract. These observations will aid in identifying and standardizing the drug in its crude form and distinguishing it from adulteration. This work aims to develop standardization parameters for L. procumbens leaves and stems by evaluating its pharmacognostics and conducting preliminary phytochemical screening. Additionally, GC-MS fingerprinting of the leaves revealed the presence of nine different chemical constituents, which could be useful for differentiating L. procumbens from other species of the genus Launaea in the herbal industry.
... 3.9. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of Acanthophora algae extract GC-Mass analysis of Acanthophora algae extract (Fig. 5A) shows the presence of various compounds with therapeutic and antioxidant properties [58][59][60] such as Glycerin, 2-Piperidinone, N-[4-bromonbutyl], gamma.-Sitosterol, 2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaene, Oleic Acid, Squalene, diisooctyl-phthalate, Hexadecanoic acid-ethyl ester, tetradecanoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, oleic acid, and n-hexadecanoic acid. ...
In this paper, the electrochemical method was used as a rapid and sensitive method to measure the antioxidant activity of Acanthophora red macro-algae (collected from the Persian Gulf coast of Bushehr-Iran). The algae extract was obtained by a combination of maceration and microwave methods, and then the important volatile and bioactive compounds were identified by GC-Mass analysis. To prepare the sensor and improve the electrochemical signal, gold nanoparticles synthesized by the green method were used to modify the electrode surface. Differential pulse voltammetry method (DPV) was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of the extract on ABTS and DPPH radicals.
To investigate the ability of the Acanthophora algae extract to prevent DNA damage induced by Fenton reaction, an electrochemical biosensor was designed based on the immobilization of human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene probe on the surface of gold nanoparticle-modified carbon screen-printed electrode. Then, the protective effect of the algae extract was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Finally, the toxicity effect of Acanthophora algae extract on the HT-29, SKOV3, MCF-7, and SKMES-1 cancer cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay.
... Based on the literature, thirteen of these have already been documented to be bioactive. Loliolide [47], ethyl linoleate [48], 2-palmitoylglycerol, and erucamide [49] have been shown to possess antibacterial activity, while γ-sitosterol, stigmasterol, vitamin E, and squalene [47] have both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Phytol and methyl palmitate have nematicidal, pesticidal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. ...
... In the case of the antibacterial docking study, loliolide had the highest binding affinity towards the GlcN-6-P synthase enzyme (PDB: 1XFF), followed by ethyl linolenate, erucamide, 2-palmitoylglycerol, phytol, methyl linoleate, neophytadiene, methyl palmitate, and methyl stearate. The antibacterial activity of the EEOR may thus be explained by the presence of loliolide, ethyl linolenate, erucamide, 2-palmitoylglycerol, and phytol, which have good docking scores and for which bioactivity has previously been reported [47,48]. ...
... Moreover, squalene, which is a triterpene, is also involved in the vitamin-D synthesis and helps reducing risk on cancer in humans 28 . On the other hand, phytol, which is a diterpene, possesses antimicrobial, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic properties 29,30 . ...
Gynura crepioides also known as Okinawa Spinach belongs to the family Asteraceae, which is known to possess various medicinal properties. The present study was thus aimed at determining the GC-MS based chemical profiling, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and anti-oxidant (AO) capacity of the organic crude extracts such as hexane, chloroform ethyl acetate, obtained from the extraction of the leaves of G. crepioides by application of Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminium chloride calorimetric method and DPPH radical scavenging assay, respectively. The results obtained from UV-VIS microplate spectrophotometer indicated a high amount of phenolic and flavonoid content in the leaves. Ethyl acetate extract was found to display highest TPC (10.09 ± 0.20 mg GAE/g) and TFC (9.56 ± 0.22 mg QE/g). Interestingly, ethyl acetate extract also displayed highest AO capacity with IC50 value of 0.74 mg/mL as compared to chloroform and hexane extracts with IC50 values of 0.90 mg/mL and 1.50 mg/mL, respectively with respect to the standard BHT (IC50=0.04 mg/mL). GC-MS revealed the presence of sulfurous acid, 2-ethylhexylisohexyl ester (11.53%) as major compound in hexane extract, stigmasterol (13.80%) in chloroform extract and squalene (21.32%) in ethyl acetate extract, respectively. The results suggested that G. crepioides has the potential to be a source of alternative medicine due to its reportedly good anti-oxidant properties.
... They are of high interest and importance because they often exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. Phytochemicals are nonnutritive chemicals and responsible for the medicinal properties of plants [28,38]. Different crude extracts were obtained from the leaves of A. altilis through successive maceration with solvents of increasing polarity, viz., ethyl acetate and methanol. ...
In the present days, medicinal plants receive great attention to the researchers in the field of pharmacology, due to the fact that most of the drug industries rely on natural products more especially medicinal plants for the production of new drugs. Some traditional medicines and their derived products were often made from crude plant extracts, which include a mixture of complex different phytochemical constituents. The chemical features of these constituents vary substantially among different species. Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) method used for the analysis of the obtained extracts can be a remarkable tool for screening the quantity of some active principles in herbs used in pharmaceutical industries. The identification of secondary metabolites is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, molecular formula, MS Fragment- ions and Pharmacological actions. The aim of this study was to carry out for identification of bioactive compounds from the leaf ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of Artocarpus altilis by (GC-MS). Fifty and fifteen bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts respectively. GC/MS analysis revealed the existence of Acetic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 1,2,3-Propanetriol, 1-acetate (Acetin), Hexadecanoate , 7-Tetradecenal, in the methanol extract while the ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of 3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal (Geranial-pseudo phytol), 3,7,11,15Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (Phytol), Piperonal and Heliotropin. Further studies are needed to isolate active principle of the extract as well as to elucidate their exact mechanism of action in various disorders.
... Based on the literature, thirteen of these have already been documented to be bioactive. Loliolide [47], ethyl linoleate [48], 2-palmitoylglycerol, and erucamide [49] have been shown to possess antibacterial activity, while γ-sitosterol, stigmasterol, vitamin E, and squalene [47] have both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Phytol and methyl palmitate have nematicidal, pesticidal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. ...
... In the case of the antibacterial docking study, loliolide had the highest binding affinity towards the GlcN-6-P synthase enzyme (PDB: 1XFF), followed by ethyl linolenate, erucamide, 2-palmitoylglycerol, phytol, methyl linoleate, neophytadiene, methyl palmitate, and methyl stearate. The antibacterial activity of the EEOR may thus be explained by the presence of loliolide, ethyl linolenate, erucamide, 2-palmitoylglycerol, and phytol, which have good docking scores and for which bioactivity has previously been reported [47,48]. ...
Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. prostrata is one of the most frequently used ethnomedicinal plants by the indigenous communities of Bangladesh. This study was designed to investigate the antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic and antibacterial activities of the ethanol extract of O. rugosa leaves (EEOR). The leaves were extracted with ethanol and subjected to in vivo antidiarrheal screening using the castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal transit models. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was evaluated using the histamine-induced paw edema test. In parallel, in vitro anthelmintic and antibacterial activities were evaluated using the aquatic worm and disc diffusion assays respectively. In all three diarrheal models, EEOR (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) showed obvious inhibition of diarrheal stool frequency, reduction of the volume and weight of the intestinal contents, and significant inhibition of intestinal motility. Also, EEOR manifested dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity. Anthelmintic action was deemed significant (P < 0.001) with respect to the onset of paralysis and helminth death. EEOR also resulted in strong zones of inhibition when tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. GC-MS analysis identified 30 compounds within EEOR, and of these, 13 compounds documented as bioactive showed good binding affinities to M3 muscarinic acetylcholine, 5-HT3, tubulin and GlcN-6-P synthase protein targets in molecular docking experiments. Additionally, ADME/T and PASS analyses revealed their drug-likeness, likely safety upon consumption and possible pharmacological activities. In conclusion, our findings scientifically support the ethnomedicinal use and value of this plant, which may provide a potential source for future development of medicines.
The use of medical plants traditionally leads to research focused on the important chemical components in their essential oils. The Plantago species, belonging to the Plantaginaceae family, have various pharmaceutical and industrial uses. In this study, we evaluated the essential oil content of five different Plantago species (P. ovata Forssk., P. major L., P. coronopus L., P. subulata L., and P. lanceolata L.) using the Hydro-distillation method, followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of 34 compounds, accounting for 69.83–88.29(%) of the total essential oils composition in Plantago species. Common chemical groups found in all essential oils samples included esters (27.46–48.26(%, monoterpene hydrocarbons (4.98–13.06(%, oxygenated monoterpenes (0.2–6.73(%, oxygenated diterpenes (3.1–11.68(%, oxygenated sesquiterpenes (0.41–2.9(%, alkanes (1.27–8.22(%, aldehydes (3.64–7.16(%, aromatic acids (0–3.86(%, as well as triterpenes (1.38–6.14(%. The major monoterpene hydrocarbons identified in all Plantago species were p-cymene (1.23–5.78(% and α-pinene (0.74–7.54(%, P. ovata (16.85–17(%, P. major (16.02–18.99(%, and P. subulata (21.56(% were found to be rich in methyl linoleate, whereas P. coronopus (16.33)% and P. lanceolata genotypes (15.30–18.94(% contained high levels of methyl linolenate. The investigated Plantago species were found to be good sources of health-promoting phytosterols (fatty acids and esters), thus making them highly recommended for food supplements and the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases.
Green synthesis techniques have recently become more popular due to the expanding interest in nanotechnology and the need for ecologically friendly synthesis processes. This work examines the environment friendly production of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by a microwave-assisted technique, utilizing Pistia Stratiotes leaf extract as a reducing agent. The optical and structural properties of the produced ZnO NPs were analyzed using UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and x-ray Diffraction (XRD). The findings indicated that the ZnO NPs displayed shapes consisting spherical, flower and sheet, with an average size of 35 nm which was verified by SEM and TEM. The XRD examination confirmed the presence of a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure, while the FTIR analysis identified a distinct peak at 578 cm⁻¹, which indicates the stretching mode of Zn-O bonds. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the substance were evaluated against Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli, and Candida Albicans. The results demonstrated notable effectiveness, as indicated by inhibition zones measuring 16–20.4 mm, 17–21.3 mm, and 13–17.2 mm correspondingly. In addition, the ZnO NPs exhibited specific anti-cancer effects on SK-MEL-28 melanoma cell lines, with an IC50 value of 51.05 μg ml⁻¹, suggesting potential uses in therapy. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using microwave-assisted green synthesis to create ZnO NPs with favorable characteristics for biomedical purposes, with a particular focus on sustainable manufacturing of nanomaterials. The results indicate that these ZnO NPs show great potential for application in antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer therapies, leading to developments in the field of medical nanotechnology.
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) (WH) is a widespread aquatic plant. As a top invasive macrophyte, WH causes enormous economic and ecological losses. To control it, various physical, chemical and biological methods have been developed. However, multiple drawbacks of these methods limited their application. While being a noxious macrophyte, WH has great potential in many areas, such as phytoremediation, manufacture of value-added products, and so on. Resource utilization of WH has enormous benefits and therefore, is a sustainable strategy for its control. In accordance with the increasing urgency of maintaining environmental sustainability, this review concisely introduced up to date WH utilization specifically in pollution remediation and curbing the global warming crisis and discussed the underlying mechanisms.
La producción orgánica de hortalizas es una alternativa promisoria ante los problemas de la agricultura convencional. En este trabajo tres variantes de abonos orgánicos se aplicaron al suelo con el propósito de evaluar su efecto en el cultivo de la berenjena. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron humus de lombriz, compost de jacinto de agua y la mezcla 50% humus de lombriz + 50% jacinto de agua así como, un testigo con fertilización química convencional. Se evaluó la alturas de las plantas a los 30, 45 y 60 días, número de frutos por cosecha, largo, diámetro y peso de los frutos en tres cosechas, además del rendimiento agrícola. Los resultados mostraron que las plantas que recibieron abonos orgánicos fueron más altas , tuvieron frutos más grandes y más pesados, así como mayor rendimiento agrícola que el testigo con fertilización convencional, siendo el mejor tratamiento de todos la mezcla 50% humus de lombriz + 50% jacinto de agua.