Table 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Because of speculated risk in generating antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microbiota, natural products from plant origin due to their diverse biological activities, have recently gained a great attention in animal nutrition. This study was designed to evaluate graded levels of neem seed oil on growth performance of broiler chickens. A total of 4...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... phytochemical analysis of the extracted oil sample was carried out by Chromatographic method as described by Talukdar et al. (2010). The analysis revealed that alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phe- nols and steroids were present (Table 1). ...
Context 2
... major fatty acids are oleic acid (43.68%), linoleic acid (19.78%) and stearic acid (16.93%). While the most prominent triterpenoids are Azadirachtin A 3.46 mg/kg) and Azadirachtin B (0.55 mg/kg) (Table 1). Although present in very small amounts, the major sterols are b-Sitosterol (2.70 mg/kg) and Stigmasterol (0.50 mg/kg). ...
Citations
... Also, these researchers showed neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder increased HDL compared to the control group. This result was similar to Mafouo Sonhafouo et al. (2019) finding that HDL was increased by graded levels of neem oil in the broiler diet. HDL is called good cholesterol and is related to protection from cardiovascular disease because it has high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities (Hossain et al., 2022). ...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with neem leaf powder (NLP) on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum biochemical parameters of broilers. A total of 225 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were used in a 35-day experiment using a completely randomized design. The birds were divided into 5 dietary base treatments with 3 replicates of 15 birds per pen. The treatments consisted of supplementation of 0, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 g/kg of NLP to a basal diet. The experiment included an evaluation of the following characteristics: performance, internal organs, and serum biochemical parameters. The results showed that the addition of different levels of NLP to the diet had no significant effect on the growth performance of broilers at different ages. Broilers fed with 2-3.5 g/kg NLP had a smaller breast size compared to the control group, while thigh weight increased linearly. The gizzard's weight showed a linear increase. Other organ weights did not differ significantly. The addition of 3.5 g/kg NLP to the broiler diet increased total protein and albumin levels. ALT, AST, and MDA levels decreased significantly with increasing NLP levels, while SOD and CAT levels increased. Broilers fed 2.5–3.5 g/kg NLP had higher HDL and lower LDL levels compared to the control group. No significant effect was observed on TG, total cholesterol, or VLDL levels. In summary, NLP supplementation in the broiler diet led to smaller breast sizes, increased thigh weight, an improved lipid profile, and enhanced liver health.
... These molds were identified based on morphological criteria. The results in this present study concur with the work carried out by 36,57 , who reported that the isolated and identified molds (Apspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Apspergillus terreus, and Penicillium spp), were them used to carry out antifungal tests. ...
... The increasing rate of Ageratum conyzoides leaves essential oil resulted in a significant drop in colony diameter irrespective of the mold type. This result agrees with that of Mafouo et al. 36 , who reported that neem oil causes a drop in colony diameter of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp and Fusarium sp. In addition, Renata et al. 30 , reported that Ageratum conyzoides leaves essential oil inhibits the growth of Aspergillus flavus. ...
... In addition, the results of Mossini et al. 60 , also agrees with the above results by reporting that spore production with 0.125; 0.250 and 0.500% neem oil decrease. This data contradicts the findings of Mafouo et al. 36 . who demonstrated that Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. ...
Introduction: The reduced susceptibility of microorganisms to synthetic preservatives and consumer's demand for high-quality, and minimally processed green-label foods urged researchers to focus more on natural preservatives. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in sacco antifungal activities of Ageratum conyzoides leaves essential oil (EO) against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Penicillium spp. in poultry feed. Materials and methods: The poultry feed was stored for 30 days. The dilution plate method was then used to isolate the fungi present in the feed. The leaves of Ageratum conyzoides were collected and their EO was extracted using Steam distillations. The in vitro antifungal activity of EO (2.3; 3.4; 4.0; 4.5; 5.1 and 5.7; [µl/cm2]) was tested using the modified method, against the above fungi species during a 4-week of research. In sacco antifungal Screening of EO (5.7; 5.1; 4.5 and 4.0μl/Kg of feed) was done on poultry feed and kept for 10, 20, and 30 days. Results: The most frequently isolated fungi in poultry feed was Penicillium spp. (84.07%). The smallest in vitro colony diameters were recorded by Aspergillus niger with 4µl of EO. The highest level of fungi growth reductions was recorded at 2.3µl of EO. Following 20 days of storage, 4.0µl of EO/kg of feed was shown to completely (100%) inhibit Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus in the Sacco research. At 30 days of storage, there was no contamination in poultry feed especially in aspects of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus. Penicillium sp. contamination in poultry feed decreased as the EO concentration increased. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicated that Ageratum conyzoides leaves essential oil at the level of 4.0µl of EO/kg of feed had the highest prevention effects on fungus growth.
... Neem kernels (Azadirachta indica) produce a wide variety of compounds ( avonoids, terpenoids, lignins, sul des, polyphenols, carotenoids, coumarins, saponins, and sterols) with antimicrobial activity (Tchinda et al., 2021;Wylie et al., 2022). These compounds have shown promising results in improving the health and production parameters of various animals, such as broilers (Mafouo et al., 2019) and rabbits (Mohammed et al., 2021). They enhance energy-related intestinal functions and blood metabolites, contributing to animal health and productivity (Rehman et al., 2023). ...
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of addition of neem (Azadirachta indica) kernel powder in diet on feed chemical components digestibility and on the composition of caecal microbiota of guinea pig. One hundred and thirty guinea pigs were divided equally into four groups. For 27 days, the animals were fed once daily a standard control diet (complete concentrate) or a concentrated mixture with 2.5, 5 or 7.5% (w/w) of neem kernel incorporation. The results showed that feed intake and digestibility increased significantly with the rate of kernel incorporation. In caeca content, the log number of lactic acid bacteria and Clostridium butyricum increased quadratically (p < 0.001) with the rate of kernel incorporation while that of Escherichia coli decreased. The results suggest that neem kernel could be used as a phytogenic supplement for guinea pigs in order to improve nutrient digestibility and microbiota quality.
... The same findings were noted by Shahira et al. (2021), who reported that toltrazuril improves serum protein, albumin, and globulin levels and is useful in the treatment of coccidiosis. The serum total proteins, albumin, and globulin levels of broilers given neem extract improved (Vanessa et al., 2019). The same outcomes were noted by Onyiche et al. (2021), who reported that neem extract has a protective impact on protein images and acts as a natural antioxidant in biological systems against parasites. ...
Background
The prevalence of avian coccidiosis in the poultry industry has grown, resulting in substantial financial losses from high mortality, stunted growth, reduced productivity, and expensive medical expenses.
Aim
The purpose of the current study was to assess the immunological effects of neem leaf extract and toltrazuril on broilers that had contracted coccidiosis.
Methods
In this investigation, 100 one-day-old Cobb broiler chicks without sexes were employed. The chicks were divided into five equal groups, with 20 birds in each. On the 14th day of life, the birds in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received an oral inoculation with 1 × 10⁵ sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) (field isolate). The first group (Gp), which consists of 20 healthy broilers, served as a negative control. Gp (2) contains experimentally infected broilers and nontreated (served as a positive control). Gp (3) contains experimentally infected broilers treated with toltrazuril (1 ml/l drinking water) for two consecutive days. Gp (4) contains experimentally infected broilers treated with neem leaf extract 4% (50 ml/l drinking water) for 5 successive days, and Gp (5) contains experimentally infected broilers treated with toltrazuril (1 ml/l drinking water) and a half dose of neem leaves extract 4% (25 ml/l drinking water) for 5 successive days. For the purpose of estimating body weight growth and feed conversion ratio, each broiler was weighed separately at the start of the trial and again on the 1st and 10th day after treatment. In addition to obtaining intestinal samples for immunohistochemistry, blood samples were also obtained for immunological examination.
Results
As compared to the negative control group, the experimentally infested broilers with E. tenella showed significant decreases in serum nitric oxide, lysosome, phagocytic percent, and phagocytic index, along with significant increases in white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocyte, heterophilis, eosinophilis, basophilis, monocyte, serum total protein, γ globulin, fibrinogen, and haptoglobin. When compared to the control positive group, experimentally infested broilers treated with either neem or toltrazuril alone or in combination demonstrated significant increases in serum total protein, nitric oxide, lysozyme, phagocytic percent, and phagocytic index, but significant decreases in WBCs, lymphocytes, heterophile, eosinophile, basophile, and monocyte. The intestinal peroxidase stain of broilers infected with E. tenella exhibited a significant positive expression for CD4, but the infected broilers treated with toltrazuril and half a dosage of neem displayed a negative expression for CD4, identical to the negative control.
Conclusion
The broiler chickens infested with E. tenella may have a variety of negative impacts on their immune systems and immunohistopathological findings. Nonetheless, toltrazuril and neem extract, either separately or in combination, function as anticoccidial medications that may enhance the broiler chicks’ immune state.
... Neem has numerous applications in pharmaceuticals and medicinal field. Against Klebsiella, Serratia species, and Streptococcus, the stem and bark of Neem have strong antibacterial properties (Mafou-Sonhafouo et al. 2019) [11] . [18] . ...
... Faced to this situation, the search for alternatives to antibiotics that have the potential to improve animal performance has been intensified. Among these alternatives, products of plant origin such as spices, essential oils, and phyto-additive medicinal plants occupy a very important place [2][3][4][5][6] . ...
Introduction: The ability of growth-promoting antibiotics to accumulate in livestock products such as meat, eggs, and milk, and the antibiotic resistance conferred on bacteria has prompted researchers to turn to phyto-additives. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of Typha angustifolia rhizome powder as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chicken. Materials and methods: For this purpose, 512 one-day-old chickens of the Cobb500 strain were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design of 8 treatments of 16 chicks replicated four times. Experimental rations consisted of incorporating into a control ration 1 g of Doxycycline® (0+), and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g of Typha angustifolia /kg of feed, respectively. Results: The main results revealed that feed intake was not significantly affected by the different treatments. Over the study period, supplementing chicken with 6 g of T. angustifolia/kg increased live weight and weight gain by about 6.72% and 6.82%, respectively, compared to the negative control. Similarly, this phyto-additive, at the incorporation rate of 6 g/kg, decreased the chicken feed conversion ratio by 12.83% compared to the control without additives. The 6 g of Typha angustifolia/kg of feed induced a significant increase in the weight, length, and density of the intestine as compared to the negative control ration. This phyto-additive, whatever the rate, significantly increased the number of lactic acid bacteria, and the digestibility of crude protein and dietary fiber compared to the negative control. Apart from the serum concentration of total cholesterol and high-density cholesterol, which increased significantly with 1 g of Typha angustifolia compared to the negative control, all the haemato-biochemical parameters were not significantly affected by this phyto-additive, whatever the incorporation rate. Conclusion: In the condition of the present study, it was concluded that 6 g of Typha angustifolia/kg of feed can be used as a substitute for antibiotics growth promoters in animal feed.
... This proofs that synthetic antibiotics dose not promote the growth of microvillus present on intestine walls and thus absorption of nutrients is not maximised. This result agrees with that of Mafouo et al. (2019) who had the intestine length of animals receiving antibiotic shorter than those fed on Azadirachta indica seed oil. In the same line, Kengni et al. (2020) recorded a shorter intestine length of broilers fed in-feed antibiotics compared to those fed 1.5 g methenamine in water. ...
The side effects and banning of synthetic antibiotics made
researchers to turn towards phytobiotics which has been hypothesise
to act as synthetic antibiotics, having no side effects and having
positive returns. The present study was assigned to evaluate the
effects of in-feed blend Afrostyrax lepidophyllus, Tetrapleura
tetraptera, Dichrostachys glomerata and Syzygium aromaticum on
production performances of Japanese quails. A total of 144 two weeks
old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 4
replicates of 6 birds each in a completely randomised design. The
treatments consisted of incorporating in 1 kg of basal diet (T0), 1 g of
antibiotic Doxycyclin (T0+), 4 g (2/2) blend Dichrostachys glomerata -
Afrostyrax lepidophyllus (T1), 4 g (2/2) blend Dichrostachys glomerata
- Tetrapleura tetraptera (T2), 4 g (2/2) blend Dichrostachys glomerata
- Syzygium aromaticum (T3) and 4 g (1/1/1/1) blend of all four spices
(T4). Throughout the study (35 days), feed intake, live body weight,
weight gain significantly (p<0.05) decreased with in-feed blend spices
while feed conversion ratio was comparable (p>0.05) in all treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility were
comparable (p>0.05) meanwhile crude protein (97.82%) and crude
cellulose (87.79%) digestibility were highest (p<0.05) in animals fed on
blend D. glomerata - S. aromaticum. Apart for quails fed on synthetic
antibiotic treatment, intestine length was lowest (p<0.05) compared
to all treatments, carcass characteristics and digestive organ’s
mensurations were comparable amongst treatments. Meanwhile,
feed intake costs 223.25 and 238.95 Fcfa were respectively lowest
(p<0.05) with blend D. glomerata - T. tetraptera and D. glomerata - S.
aromaticum. It was concluded that incorporating 4 g (2/2) blend
Dichrostachys glomerata - Syzygium aromaticum in quail’s feed
improve protein and cellulose digestibility and reduce feed intake
cost.
Key words: Antibiotic, Digestibility, Japanese quail, Production cost,
Spice
... Several lines of evidence show that Chinese herbs including Silybum marianum, Azadirachta improved lipid metabolism in patients (Di Pierro et al., 2018) and broiler chickens (Mafouo Sonhafouo et al., 2019), which was probably associated with higher content of polyphenols and flavones included in HM (Drewnowski, 2001). In the current study, the diet with 300 mg/kg HM improved serum lipid profiled and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation in post-peak laying hens, evidenced by Oil-red O staining and decreased TG, TC, and FFA content in liver, which agreed with previous study in rat saying that herbs extract (Astragalus membranaceus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Pueraria lobata) decreased the hepatic TG and TC content (Jeong et al., 2004). ...
Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome is characterized by hepatic damage and hemorrhage impairing animal welfare in birds, which was well-known to be moderately relieved through dietary choline chloride supplementation in laying hens. Chinese herb has been proven to exert a positive role on hepatic health in human and rodents. Here, we investigated the effect of herbaceous mixture (HM), which consists of Andrographis paniculate, Silybum marianum, Azadirachta Indica, and Ocimum basilicum (2:3.5:1:2), on the hepatic lipid metabolism and health status in laying hens. A total of 240 Hy-line Brown hens (389-d-old) were randomly fed the basal diet with 0 mg/kg choline chloride (negative control, NC), 1,000 mg/kg choline chloride (control, Ctrl), or 300 mg/kg HM for 28 d. Birds fed HM diet exhibited lower serum triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level than those received NC and Ctrl diets (P < 0.05). When compared to control and NC group, the diets with HM decreased the contents of total cholesterol and TG in liver, as well as upregulated the mRNA abundance of hepatic hormone-sensitive lipase and lipoprotein lipase. Meanwhile, the hepatic area and diameter of steatosis vacuoles were also decreased by dietary HM administration (P < 0.05), which accompanied by decreased serum alanine aminotransferase activity (P < 0.05). Birds fed HM diets enhanced the hepatic antioxidative capacity than those received NC and Ctrl diet. Dietary HM depressed the mRNA level of inflammatory cytokine as compared to NC but not Ctrl group. Collectively, the diet with 300 mg/kg HM has a favorable effect in decreasing the lipid deposition and protecting liver injury by alleviating hepatic oxidant stress and inflammation in post-peak laying hens.
... The effect of supplementation of basal diet with different levels of garlic and moringa leaves did not show any variability in the serum biochemical values except cholesterol concentration in treated birds ( Table 5). The results agree with Djouhou et al. (2020) and Mafouo Sonhafouo et al. (2019) who reported incorporating ...
... This banning was put in place as a precautionary measure to limit the consequences on the health of the animal and that of the consumer. Thus, farmers are increasingly looking for the alternative in poultry farming by using active principles from plant origin that can have the same properties as antibiotics with least or no negative consequences on consumer's health and the environment (Mafouo et al., 2019b). Thus, a significant number of products have been considered, including phytobiotics. ...
... In this group, essential oils (Khattak et al., 2014;Ngouana et al., 2017), plant extracts and spices are evaluated with the view of solving public health problems without compromising the production efficiency of animals. Among phytobiotics, neem seeds oil has been used as feed additive in several studies in animal nutrition (Ogbuewu et al., 2011;Mafouo et al., 2019a;2019b). ...
... Ogbuewu et al. (2010) reported that, the effects of neem oil on weight gain, linear measurements and blood chemistry in prepubertal rabbits showed that they could tolerate up to 15% dietary inclusion of this oil without deleterious effects. Recent works on the effects of neem oil as a feed preservative and on broiler growth performance revealed respectively that this oil is a promising natural preservative for reducing poultry feed losses in stocked (Mafouo et al., 2019a), and at levels of 15; 20 and 25 g/kg feed this oil has depressive effects on broiler growth characteristics (Mafouo et al., 2019b). The latter authors concluded that the poor performance obtained was due to the high levels of this oil. ...
383 This article was published in an Sjournals journal. The attached copy is furnished to the author for non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution, sharing with colleagues and providing to institution administration. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copied, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Text form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Sjournals΄s archiving and manuscript policies encouraged to visit: http://www.sjournals.com
