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Filtration is a simple ecological process for the treatment of effluents. This research examined the physicochemical properties of micronutrients, macronutrients, and heavy metals (HM) removed after the slow filtration of pig slurry (PS) through multiple media: sands, silt loam soils, fly ash, and zeolite. The objective was to find a new layer that...
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Context 1
... characteristics of animal manure vary considerably among and within species according to country, farm, production method, feed composition, and water consumption [26].. Table 3 presents the physicochemical results of the raw and treated pig slurry by different materials. The effluent had a pH of 7.54, which is normal for pig slurry. ...Context 2
... Kjeldahl nitrogen comprised nitrogen in ammonic and organic form, excluding nitrous forms (nitrites) and nitric form (nitrates), and the origin of organic nitrogen (urea). Table 3 shows the results obtained after the passage of raw pig slurry through the filter materials. As the water passed through the filter, a thin biological film built up on the surface of the materials: solid particles and natural microorganisms accumulated in it and contributed to the slow-flow filtration. ...Context 3
... to Table 1, fly ash had a high conductivity compared to the other materials 6.30 ms cm −1 , which explained the high conductivity of the filtered effluent 9.44 ms cm −1 . The same was true for Soil 3 and 4. Table 3 shows that a constructed wetland reduced EC by only 14%, the material that had a highly significant effect on reducing the EC is zeolite (65%). Total suspended solids achieved an elimination rate between 82 and 99.99%. ...Citations
... However, it has limitations in retaining phosphorus particles and dissolved nutrients in the liquid phase (Jensen et al., 2013;Owusu-Twum & Sharara, 2020). The formation of a filtration cake, however, helps retain some of these particles, thus enhancing efficiency when coagulants such as aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, or ferric chloride, along with organic flocculants, are added prior to filtration (El Bied, García-Valero, et al., 2021). ...
The inadequate management of swine fecal waste endangers human health and the environment, causing soil contamination, the spread of zoonoses, and eutrophication of water bodies. These nutrient-rich wastes also contain antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing a significant public health risk. This systematic review aims to identify optimal operating parameters for stabilizing pig waste, focusing on the production of compost, biosolids and biogas, while taking into account the specific composition of these wastes. Operational parameters for waste stabilization, including composting, and biogas generation, are analyzed. The findings aim to identify issues and propose solutions for a more sustainable and efficient management of these wastes, thereby protecting the environment and public health.
... The correlation between COD and TSSs changes is based on the levels of inorganic and organic solids in the mixture [87]. In pig slurry, there is typically a correlation between TSSs and COD caused by the presence of both organic and inorganic suspended solids, which collectively impact the COD content [9,22]. This study validated this observation, demonstrating that a decrease in suspended solids led to significantly reduced COD concentrations across all three tanks (p < 0.05). ...
This study delves into the innovative application of a novel bacterial and enzyme mixture alone or combined with aeration in mitigating emissions from pig slurry storage and explores their impacts on the methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ammonia (NH3) emissions from stored pig slurry. A dynamic chamber was used in this research to assess the efficacy of the treatments. Biological additives (HIPO-PURÍN) of specific microbial strains were tested (a mixture ofof Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefacien, and Bacillus thuringiensis) alone and combined with an aeration system (OXI-FUCH). Controlled experiments simulated storage conditions, where emissions of ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide were measured. By analyzing the results statistically, the treatment with HIPO-PURÍN demonstrated a significant reduction in CH4 emissions by 67% and CO2 emissions by 60% with the use of biological additives, which was increased to 99% and 87%, respectively, when combined with OXI-FUCH aeration, compared to untreated slurry. Ammonia emissions were substantially reduced by 90% with biological additives alone and by 76% when combined with aeration. The study was driven by the need to develop sustainable solutions for livestock waste management, particularly in reducing emissions from pig slurry. It introduces techniques that significantly lower greenhouse gases, aligning with circular economy goals and setting a new standard for sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, there is a need to validate that farmers can independently manage pig slurry using simple and effective treatments techniques with profound environmental benefits, encouraging broader adoption of climate-conscious practices.
... The mean TSS values in PC1, PC2, and PC3 were slightly lower compared to the results obtained for PB but without reaching statistical significance; therefore, the system does not remove TSSs from the wastewater. The main process involved in this removal could be explained by the sedimentation of particles during the treatment [24,25] and likely a longer hydraulic retention time will be necessary to remove TSSs [26]. In this study, TSSs were completely eliminated after the phase separator. ...
The main objective of this study was to analyze the efficiency of CWs for purifying swine wastewater in order to reduce its pollutant load. The system included a pretreatment module (raw swine wastewater tank, phase separator, and settlement tank), and three constructed wetlands connected in series and planted with Phragmites australis and Suaeda vera. Three treatment cycles were carried out with a total hydraulic retention time in the wetland of 21 days for each cycle. Pig slurry samples were collected in triplicate after each treatment module, and physical–chemical analyses were performed. The results showed that the phase separator decreased the suspended solids, turbidity, and the chemical oxygen demand in the treated swine wastewater. The system enabled considerable nitrogen reductions (Kjeldahl nitrogen, NH4+, and organic nitrogen), and the highest removal was reported in the wetlands. However, the cations and anions showed different efficiencies. In some cases (Ca, Mg, and Na), the final concentrations were increased, which could be explained by their release from the substrate; however, there were no statistical differences among the CW effluents and the raw pig slurry. Therefore, the integral pig slurry treatment system with constructed wetlands increased the quality of the treated swine wastewater and thus can be used for its sustainable agronomic valorization. This thereby enables savings in inorganic fertilizers and irrigation water.
... Correlations between the COD and TSSs vary with the amount of inorganic and organic solids present [71]. In pig slurry, TSSs and COD are often correlated because the suspended solids include organic and inorganic particles that contribute to the COD content [72]. This work confirms this phenomenon, as a lower amount of suspended solids contributed to reduced COD concentrations in the three tanks with a high significant effect (p < 0.05). ...
This study addresses the challenge of mitigating ammonia and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from stored pig slurry using chemical and biological additives. The research employs dynamic chambers to evaluate the effectiveness of these additives. Chemical agents (sulfuric acid) and biological additives (DAB bacteria) containing specific microbial strains are tested (a mixture of Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Nitrosomona europea, Nictobacter winogradaskyi, and nutritional substrate). Controlled experiments simulate storage conditions and measure emissions of ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide. Through statistical analysis of the results, this study evaluates the additives’ impact on emission reduction. Sulfuric acid demonstrated a reduction of 92% in CH4, 99% in CO2, and 99% in NH3 emissions. In contrast, the biological additives showed a lesser impact on CH4, with an 8% reduction, but more substantial reductions of 71% for CO2 and 77% for NH3.These results shed light on the feasibility of employing these additives to mitigate environmental impacts in pig slurry management and contribute to sustainable livestock practices by proposing strategies to reduce the ecological consequences of intensive animal farming.
... The highest removal efficiency was achieved from the combination of TSS and the 1 m column depth. The results in this study are in agreement with the results obtained from the study conducted by El beid et al. [49], which investigated the performance of the filtration process for the treatment of pig slurry by using marine sands, silty loam soils, fly ash, and zeolite; in the study, a column of 0.5 m of zeolite was used to achieve removal efficiencies of up to 99.9% for EC, TSS, COD, and BOD. dparacol and the 1 m column depth. ...
... dparacol and the 1 m column depth. The results in this study are in agreement with the results obtained from the study conducted by El beid et al. [49], which investigated the performance of the filtration process for the treatment of pig slurry by using marine sands, silty loam soils, fly ash, and zeolite; in the study, a column of 0.5 m of zeolite was used to achieve removal efficiencies of up to 99.9% for EC, TSS, COD, and BOD. ...
Textile industry production processes generate one of the most highly polluted wastewaters in the world. Unfortunately, the field is also challenged by the availability of relatively cheap and highly effective technologies for wastewater purification. The application of natural zeolite as a depth filter offers an alternative and potential approach for textile wastewater treatment. The performance of a depth filter treatment system can be deeply affected by the column depth and the characteristics of the wastewater to be treated. Regrettably, the information on the potential of these filter materials for the purification of textile wastewater is still scarce. Therefore, this study investigated the potential applicability of natural zeolite in terms of column depth for the treatment of textile wastewater. From the analysis results, it was observed that the filtration efficiencies were relatively low (6.1 to 13.7%) for some parameters such as total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, and sodium chloride when the wastewater samples were subjected to the 0.5 m column depth. Relatively high efficiency of 82 and 93.8% was observed from color and total suspended solids, respectively, when the wastewater samples were subjected to the 0.5 m column depth. Generally, the 0.75 m column depth achieved removal efficiencies ranging from 52.3% to 97.5%, whereas the 1 m column depth achieved removal efficiencies ranging from 86.9% to 99.4%. The highest removal efficiency was achieved with a combination of total suspended solids and 1 m column depth (99.4%). In summary, the treatment approach was observed to be highly effective for the removal of total suspended solids, with a 93.8% removal efficiency when the wastewater was subjected to the 0.5 m column depth, 97.5% for 0.75 m column depth, and 99.4% for 1 m column depth. Moreover, up to 218.233 mg of color per g of the filter material was captured. The results derived in this study provide useful information towards the potential applicability of natural zeolite in the textile wastewater treatment field.
Modern industrial livestock production is accompanied by emissions into the environment of a wide range of odorforming substances (OFS), which negatively affect the health and quality of life of the population. The problem of protecting atmospheric air from odour pollution (OP) is of high relevance and practical significance. The review critically appraises scientific publications on the control of OP from livestock and poultry farms. Methods of control include the processing of manure with deodorizing materials (reagents, sorbents, enzymes, etc.); inoculation with microorganism strains; adjustment of animal diets; air purification from pollutants; optimization of dispersion; isolation of ОР sources; and odor masking. Agriculture’s focus on adopting green technologies has increased interest in searching environmentally friendly methods of odor control. These are the use of plant extracts, natural sorbents, effective microorganism strains, biofilters, bioscrubbers, biogas plants, planting of protective forest belts that promote the absorption of dust and dispersion of OFS. Each method of OP control has both advantages and disadvantages. Modern “green” methods effectively eliminate odors in large farms, but require high investment and operating costs, which limits their implementation in practice, and relatively low-cost methods (the use of reagents, sorbents, flavoring agents, feed additives) are usually not effective enough. An acceptable result can be obtained by combining various methods of limiting the OFS emission. Control strategies should be selected based on the source of the odor, the effectiveness of the technology on the particular farm, and the cost/benefit ratio of the odor control technology into practice.
