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A culinary enhancer is a substance that enhances the flavor and other properties of soups, stews and foods. Normally in flour form, culinary enhancers are used to enhance the proximate composition, viscosity, flavor and some other rheological and functional properties of soups and convenience foods. Physical properties of culinary seeds are utilize...
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... differences are likely because of different moisture contents and different size composition of the experimental samples. Table 3 shows the measured physical properties of Mucuna pruriens (Ukpo) seed at average moisture content of 11.39 AE 0.82% db. Ukpo seed has a mean length, width, and thickness of 28.4 AE 1.6 mm, 28.1 AE 1.8 mm, and 19.4 AE 1.8 respectively. ...Similar publications
Background: The increasing prevalence of male infertility has become a global concern. Traditional Chinese and Asian medicines have long been using herbal remedies to promote spermatogenesis. This study aimed to systematically explore the potential of herbal medicines and formulations to enhance the male reproductive function in humans. Methods: Tw...
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... The impeccable roles of these polyphenols and flavonoids majorly in carbohydrate metabolism and glucose homeostasis have been very much exploited in various research and experimental models both in vitro and in vivo and in clinical research. [22] Numerous are the functions and effects of these bioactive components in plants, some of which are made possible through insulin signaling pathways or by GLUT 4 translocation in cell membrane. In addition, it was also adduced that the two phytochemicals are capable of inhibiting the activity of glucokinase and stimulating glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver to consequently accelerate beta cell function in the pancreas to further release insulin. ...
... In addition, it was also adduced that the two phytochemicals are capable of inhibiting the activity of glucokinase and stimulating glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver to consequently accelerate beta cell function in the pancreas to further release insulin. [22] In this vein, it was also revealed that phytochemicals that belong to the group of tannins such as the gallotannins has role in increasing mRNA expression of GLUT 4 as well as PI3K leukotriene cells. [22] As in the case of 3β-taraxerol, a bioactive compound which is a tri-terpenoid present in magnifera indica takes its role as a PI3K dependent dual activator of glucose transport via GLUT 4 trans-membrane movement. ...
... [22] In this vein, it was also revealed that phytochemicals that belong to the group of tannins such as the gallotannins has role in increasing mRNA expression of GLUT 4 as well as PI3K leukotriene cells. [22] As in the case of 3β-taraxerol, a bioactive compound which is a tri-terpenoid present in magnifera indica takes its role as a PI3K dependent dual activator of glucose transport via GLUT 4 trans-membrane movement. [22] Resveratrol (Polyphenol) ...
Phytochemicals in no small measure confer active roles in human survival as well as in the prevention of various diseases by their effortless ability to combat oxidative stress known to shorten life expectancy in humans. A number of these factors are well known to predispose an individual to ageing, senescence, microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications, cardiovascular and neurological disorders. The incidence of cancer amelioration in this regard cannot be discountenanced. A vast array of identified factors that are deep rooted in the cause of diseases implicated in oxidative stress are but not limited to chemical and environmental contaminants in air, food and water while several lifestyle modifications including lack of exercise, smoking and dietary preferences are key factors implicated in disease developments. While we review the extant roles of fruits, vegetables, grains and seed oils as safe for consumption, owing to their astonishing medicinal attributes to counteract the menace of free oxidants in cells, the emphasis on plant-based diets especially the ones that contains phenolic acids and flavonoids with strong antioxidant capabilities cannot be more emphasized. Many of these therapeutic roles are possible by the excess mopping of reactive oxygen in the body thereby protecting cells from damage. The wondrous effects of these antioxidants in cells can be implied to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and neurological diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, arterosclerosis, Alzheimer's and long-term cancer.
... The seeds were grouped into small (13.46 ± 1.14 cm 2 ), medium (22.25± 1.9 cm 2 ), and large (30.53 ± 1.02 cm 2 ). The axial dimensions of the seed samples were measured using the vernier calliper (±0.01 mm acc., V-Tech, VT-99, China) and the surface area was calculated using Equation (1) [20]: ...
... It is an indication of the effectiveness of the drying system in transforming energy input into energy utilized to dry seed samples. It is estimated by Eq. (20) as [14,19]: ...
Diffusion modeling and optimization of drying dynamics of ogbono seed (Irvingea gabonensis): empirical insights into energy indices and process conditions Abstract: The drying of agro-seeds is essential for enhancing product quality and extending shelf-life. This paper explores the diffusion modeling and drying dynamics of ogbono seeds (Irvingia gabonensis), providing insights to improve drying processes and energy efficiency. The experiment employed Central Composite Design to assess the impacts of temperatures (40, 50, 60°C) and seed sizes (small, medium, and large) at a constant air velocity of 1.5 m/s on specific energy utilization, energy efficiency, seed shrinkage, and drying duration. The kinetics of water desorption were examined using the superimposition technique under different conditions. The drying behaviour was best represented by the Avhad and Marchetti model (R 2 = 0.9933, ε rms = 0.0120, χ 2 = 0.0004), revealing that drying time dropped from 240 to 180 min as the temperature increased. Shrinkage tests indicated considerable morphological defects in larger seeds due to greater porosity, whilst smaller seeds demonstrated higher structural resilience. Effective moisture diffusivity dropped by 42.5 %, from 1.21 to 3.52 × 10 −10 m 2 /s. The activation energy ranged from 55.91 to 80.68 kJ/mol. Specific energy consumption (1.05-1.60 kWh) and energy efficiency (60-85 %) exhibited a perfect balance between product quality and energy input. Under the optimal conditions of 60°C and small seed size, the specific energy of 1.075 kWh, 82.52 % energy efficiency, 8.65 % seed shrinkage, and 46.25 % drying time reduced to 129 mins was achieved. These outcomes established a yardstick for sustainable and energy-efficient ogbono seed drying. The study provides potential pathways to work in sensor-based hybrid power crop dryers and their applications to other commercially valuable seeds.
... % fat, and 11.24-17.10 % vitamins, reflecting the inherent variability in the seed composition [22]. The extracted gum exhibited significantly lower protein (9.99-11.8 ...
... This finding highlights the complexity and intrinsic diversity within the studied species by demonstrating that the many attributes of the seeds, evaluated in a multidimensional manner, are not directly related to their physical dimensions. These analyses showed that this primary data could be fundamental to developing facilities related to seed processing, handling, storage, packaging, and transportation and that studies on seed size variations contribute to these processes (Asoiro et al., 2020;Oliveira et al., 2021;Pinheiro et al., 2023;Satpathy, Naik, & Jena, 2024). It is, therefore, vital to understand the degree of variation between seed sizes in the species researched to optimize stages and form uniform batches. ...
characterization and the study of genetic variability between batches. This
knowledge is fundamental for evolutionary biology and agronomic and
conservation practices. Crop productivity, species preservation, reforestation,
and post-harvest processing can all benefit from understanding and
considering seed size. This work aimed to determine the multidimensional
characteristics and mass of the seeds using multivariate cluster analysis. We
investigated multidimensional characteristics by measuring the dimensions
and mass of the seeds and computing their physical attributes. Several
statistical measures were used to assess the morphometric data, including
the mean, amplitude, coefficient of variation, relative frequency, arithmetic
mean, standard deviation, and confidence interval. In addition, grouping
patterns and inter-variable dependencies were examined by multivariate
cluster analysis using Ward’s method. The results revealed significant
variability in seed dimensions, indicating morphological unevenness in the
seeds of this species. Euclidean distance analysis identified the formation of
subclusters, implying distinct groupings based on seed size and mass. The
finding highlights the significance of segregating lots with similar physical
characteristics and defining representative properties for management
practices. These variations reflect the genetic diversity required for
adaptability and ecological resilience, ensuring forest ecosystems’ survival
and proper functioning. Alternatively, classifying and standardizing seed
lots based on these physical traits can optimize post-harvest processing and
increase agronomic productivity.
... Engineering properties are of great importance to harvesting and handling seeds and to the mechanical design and product processing equipment [42]. The linear dimensions and shape of seeds determine the effective separation of unwanted materials and influence the design and construction of sorting devices [43]. Based on the differences in size and shape, seeds from the matrix 1 would flow or roll through chutes and hoppers more easily than seeds from matrix 2. Brazil nut seeds are not spherical, and their large surface area suggests that they would have more difficulty rolling on a surface with a shallow or even flat slope angle. ...
The seed, the main commercialized non-timber forest product of the Brazil nut tree, still lacks information about its physical characteristics for the promotion of its germination, optimization of post-harvest processes, and industrial processing. Showed that, although each Brazil nut matrix produces fruits and seeds with homogeneous shape and weight, the batches of fruits and seeds from each matrix differ from one another. The PCA showed that most of the variables analyzed interacted with the three geometric dimensions of the seeds, allowing for differentiation between matrices and establishing criteria for seed size classes. To design or use mechanical equipment for the industrial processing of seeds, segregation of matrices with seeds that have similar physical characteristics is essential to the development and/or use of the equipment. The study reveals that each Brazil nut matrix produces fruits and seeds with consistent shape and weight. Despite the within-matrix homogeneity, distinct differences were observed between batches of seeds from each matrix. This suggests that environmental factors or genetic variations might influence the physical characteristics of Brazil nut seeds. HIGHLIGHTS • The matrices exhibited seed variability, indicating abiotic and biotic influences on progeny. • The physical properties of seeds present heterogeneity in size and shape. • Larger fruits had fewer seeds and consequently the heaviest. • Analyzing seed physical properties helps tailor processing equipment to size strategies.
... Nos feijões, as modificações existentes são correlacionadas aos centros de origem e diversificação, que são as regiões dos Andes, e a região Mesoamericana, essas áreas geográficas exerceram influência nos atributos agronômicos, tais como, tamanho e massa durante o processo de domesticação (Cichy et al., 2015) Considerando as diferenças existentes entre as sementes de uma mesma espécie, apresenta-se a quantificação das características físicas, que são aspectos mensuráveis com um papel importante para caracterização de REVISTA CADERNO PEDAGÓGICO -Studies Publicações Ltda. ISSN: 1983-0882 espécies e variedades que se deseja estudar, essas informações servem como ferramentas que fomentam o conhecimento envolvendo o beneficiamento e a comercialização das sementes (Rodrigues et al., 2019), desde as etapas iniciais, como a colheita, no processamento das sementes, seleção, armazenamento e transporte (De Jesus et al., 2013;Mirzabe, Fadavi, Mansouri, 2021) A quantificação das dimensões lineares (comprimento dos eixos equivalentes a comprimento, largura e espessura) é uma atividade necessária para o equacionamento de projetos de construção dos dispositivos de classificação, que são utilizados na separação eficaz de materiais indesejados podendo ser também utilizadas para determinações dos limites de transporte (Asoiro et al., 2020;Mirzabe, Fadavi, Mansouri, 2021), as demais características físicas, como, porosidade e densidade, ângulo de repouso são úteis no desenvolvimento de tremonhas de grãos e instalações de armazenamento, essas medidas também possuem relação com às taxas de transferência de calor e massa (Asoiro et al., 2020;Fathollahi et al., 2021) 10,0515 ± 0,5 aB 9,465 ± 0,3 bC 14,6785 ± 0,6aA 6 ...
... Nos feijões, as modificações existentes são correlacionadas aos centros de origem e diversificação, que são as regiões dos Andes, e a região Mesoamericana, essas áreas geográficas exerceram influência nos atributos agronômicos, tais como, tamanho e massa durante o processo de domesticação (Cichy et al., 2015) Considerando as diferenças existentes entre as sementes de uma mesma espécie, apresenta-se a quantificação das características físicas, que são aspectos mensuráveis com um papel importante para caracterização de REVISTA CADERNO PEDAGÓGICO -Studies Publicações Ltda. ISSN: 1983-0882 espécies e variedades que se deseja estudar, essas informações servem como ferramentas que fomentam o conhecimento envolvendo o beneficiamento e a comercialização das sementes (Rodrigues et al., 2019), desde as etapas iniciais, como a colheita, no processamento das sementes, seleção, armazenamento e transporte (De Jesus et al., 2013;Mirzabe, Fadavi, Mansouri, 2021) A quantificação das dimensões lineares (comprimento dos eixos equivalentes a comprimento, largura e espessura) é uma atividade necessária para o equacionamento de projetos de construção dos dispositivos de classificação, que são utilizados na separação eficaz de materiais indesejados podendo ser também utilizadas para determinações dos limites de transporte (Asoiro et al., 2020;Mirzabe, Fadavi, Mansouri, 2021), as demais características físicas, como, porosidade e densidade, ângulo de repouso são úteis no desenvolvimento de tremonhas de grãos e instalações de armazenamento, essas medidas também possuem relação com às taxas de transferência de calor e massa (Asoiro et al., 2020;Fathollahi et al., 2021) 10,0515 ± 0,5 aB 9,465 ± 0,3 bC 14,6785 ± 0,6aA 6 ...
As características físicas das sementes são resultantes da interação entre os fatores intrínsecos, ou seja, a herança genética, e dos fatores extrínsecos, tais como, às condições ambientais em que as sementes foram produzidas ou processadas, que alteram seu teor de água. Dessa maneira, objetivou-se mensurar a variação das principais características físicas das sementes de três acessos de feijão comum Phaseolus vulgaris L. (preto, branco e grande azul) cultivadas na região Semiárida do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, sob diferentes teores de água (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14%) em base úmida (b.u.). Foram determinadas as seguintes características físicas correspondentes às características de tamanho e forma: o comprimento nos três eixos ortagonais das sementes que equivalem ao comprimento do eixo maior ou comprimento, comprimento do eixo intermediário que equivale à largura e comprimento do menor eixo, ou seja, espessura e a esfericidade. Além das características anteriormente citadas foram mensuradas as demais: massa de mil sementes, massa específica aparente, ângulo de repouso dinâmico e porosidade, os dados experimentais foram submetidos à análise de variância das médias, empregando-se o teste Tukey 5% de probabilidade utilizando-se o software Sisvar 5.8. Cada acesso de sementes de feijão avaliadas apresentaram comportamentos distintos durante a secagem conforme parâmetros avaliados, o decréscimo do teor de água favoreceu a redução da magnitude de algumas características (tamanho e massa), e aumento em outras (esfericidade, massa específica aparente nos acessos branco e grande azul, ângulo de repouso), entretanto, pouca variação foi observada para a porosidade na faixa de teor de água avaliada para os três acessos, essas diferenças são comumente encontradas nos trabalhos entre acessos de mesmo gênero e ou diferentes espécies.
... The basic characteristics of the activated carbon prepared from the endocarp of Irvingia gabonensis are presented in Table 1. The bulk density was found to be 0.32 g/cm 3 which agrees with the report of Asoiro et al. (2020) who recorded a range of 0.3 -0.34 g/cm 3 . The pH was 8.4, which is quite basic in nature and good for adsorption, since adsorption process increases with high pH especially within the range of 8.0 -9.0 (Ogbozige and Nwobu, 2021). ...
The high demand for fish has led to an increase in fishponds which in turn has increased the volume of aquaculture effluents discharged into water receiving bodies. In most cases, fish farmers feel reluctant to properly treat the effluents before discharging, due to the high cost associated with conventional treatment methods. Hence, this research investigated the suitability of using the low-cost activated carbons prepared from the endocarp of bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis). The activated carbon was characterized thereafter, some selected physiochemical parameters including total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate and phosphate were analysed before and after adsorption using standard methods. Results showed that the prepared activated carbon had a bulk density, pH, surface area and pore volume of 0.32 g/cm 3 , 8.4, 776.05 m 2 /g and 0.38 cm 3 /g respectively while the ash content, moisture content and carbon yield were 4.51%, 3.39% and 56.01% respectively. Results also revealed that the concentrations of the selected parameters in the raw effluent were higher than discharge limits but were drastically reduced after treating with the prepared activated carbon as adsorbent. The percentage removal of the selected parameters by the adsorbent ranged from 59.58-82.27%. Hence, it was concluded that the use of activated carbon made from the endocarp of bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis) as adsorbent in treating aquaculture effluents is highly efficient and necessary recommendations were made.
... Medical progress in identifying cures and therapies for multi-factorial chronic health disorders like diabetes mellitus (DM) has been made for many years. However, diabetes mellitus still affects many people and contributes significantly to the decline in life expectancy worldwide [1,2]. 8.5% of individuals aged 18 and up had diabetes in 2014. ...
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is by far the most common metabolic disease impacting human health, and Type II diabetes (T2DM) accounts for almost all occurrences of diabetes. This work examined the anti-diabetic efficacy of Brachystegia eurycoma compounds against druggable proteins associated with T2DM and its complications. Fourteen proteins were identified in the literature as T2DM treatment targets and downloaded from the protein data bank. Preliminary screening of the compounds with the protein targets via molecular docking studies showed that the compounds, notably quercetin, kaempferol, and catechin, had high selectivity for GLUT1, aldose reductase, and GLP-1 receptor. Eleven compounds from the plants were chosen as hits based on their favorable binding energies with the proteins. Following molecular docking studies, binding free energy, DFT calculation, ADMET predictions, and QSAR were used to examine further the drug-likeness, efficacy, toxicity, stability, and inhibitory/agonizing prowess of these compounds. The findings in this study showed that these eleven bioactive compounds, which belong to the group of flavonoids and phenolic acids that formed stable complexes with the three proteins, had moderate/low toxicity, are bio-orally available and non-inhibitors of some/all of the CYP450 isozymes. Using trustworthy correlation coefficients (R2), the predicted QSAR models demonstrated the potency of the compounds to function as inhibitors (pIC50) of aldose reductase and GLUT1 and as agonists (pEC50) of GLP-1R. According to DFT calculation of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and global descriptive parameters, it was shown that Quercitrin is the most chemically inert molecule, whereas chlorogenic acid is the most reactive compound. This experimental approach may be utilized to develop drugs that can modulate proteins associated with T2DM without causing off-target effects, as shown in this research.
... Bulk densities, coefficients of friction on some commonly used material surfaces (galvanized steel, plywood, glass, plastic, and concrete), and angles of repose of crops are all needed for the development of handling and storage machinery (Parde et al., 2003). These properties are also necessary for predicting the load and pressure on storage structures, as well as designing grain hoppers for processing equipment (Asoiro et al., 2020). ...
In this study, the effect of moisture content on the physical attributes of baobab seeds was examined, along with the implications for the design of machinery for postharvest handling and processing of the seeds. The seed's volume, sphericity, aspect ratio, axial dimensions, arithmetic, and geometric mean diameters were all determined. Gravimetric properties including porosity, bulk density, and thousand grain mass were measured. Additionally, the seeds' frictional characteristics on different surfaces for handling after harvest were established. The arithmetic and geometric mean diameters were found to be in a range of 8.00 and 9.64 mm and 7.86 and 9.50 mm, respectively, with moisture contents between 5.4 and 20.6% on a dry basis. The seed's sphericity ranged from 78.18 to 80.38 percent. Densities for the bulk and particle ranged from 740.77 to 763.40 kg/m 3 and 1155.22 to 1223-29 kg/m 3 , respectively. The study revealed that among the four frictional surfaces, plywood surface had the greatest resistance to the flow of the seeds, and the least was registered for the glass surface material. The effect of moisture content on the seed's physical properties were statistically significant (p≤0.05). Regression equations for future predicting the various physical properties at different moisture contents were developed. The study has produced valuable information that will help with the design of machinery for handling and processing baobab seeds after harvest.
... The effect of storage on the quality of the polymer [14], improvement of its shelf life [15] and modeling of its drying characteristics [16] have been investigated. Studies on the physical, chemical and biochemical properties of Irvingia gabonensis have been reported [17,18,19,20]. All of these show that Irvingia gabonensis polymer has been extensively studied in isolation and there is vast knowledge about its applications, properties, synthesis and nutritional value. ...
Biopolymers are a class of polymers derived from natural sources such as plants, and two of such biopolymers are extracts from Irvingia gabonensis and Triumfetta pentandra cultivated in West Africa. Viscosity is an important characteristic of polymers which is primarily affected by temperature. In this work, the effect of temperature on the viscosity of the two biopolymers, Irvingia gabonensis and Triumphetta pentandra are investigated for 4, 6 and 8g/l concentrations at temperatures of 15 - 50oC. The chemical compositions of the polymers were determined using an X-ray Florescence spectrometer and the compositions were compared against each other. Laboratory results show thatTriumphetta pentandra is a better polymer than Irvingia gabonensis in terms of viscosity. For all the concentrations considered, a sudden rise in temperature at 30oC was observed for Triumphetta pentandra which is speculated to be a critical temperature for the polymer. The characterization tests show that Triumphetta pentandra and Irvingiagabonensis contain the same chemical elements but in varying quantities. These variations could be responsible for the highly viscous nature of Triumphetta pentandraover Irvingia gabonensis.
