Physical properties of Mucunapruriens (Ukpo) Seed.

Physical properties of Mucunapruriens (Ukpo) Seed.

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A culinary enhancer is a substance that enhances the flavor and other properties of soups, stews and foods. Normally in flour form, culinary enhancers are used to enhance the proximate composition, viscosity, flavor and some other rheological and functional properties of soups and convenience foods. Physical properties of culinary seeds are utilize...

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... differences are likely because of different moisture contents and different size composition of the experimental samples. Table 3 shows the measured physical properties of Mucuna pruriens (Ukpo) seed at average moisture content of 11.39 AE 0.82% db. Ukpo seed has a mean length, width, and thickness of 28.4 AE 1.6 mm, 28.1 AE 1.8 mm, and 19.4 AE 1.8 respectively. ...

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... The impeccable roles of these polyphenols and flavonoids majorly in carbohydrate metabolism and glucose homeostasis have been very much exploited in various research and experimental models both in vitro and in vivo and in clinical research. [22] Numerous are the functions and effects of these bioactive components in plants, some of which are made possible through insulin signaling pathways or by GLUT 4 translocation in cell membrane. In addition, it was also adduced that the two phytochemicals are capable of inhibiting the activity of glucokinase and stimulating glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver to consequently accelerate beta cell function in the pancreas to further release insulin. ...
... In addition, it was also adduced that the two phytochemicals are capable of inhibiting the activity of glucokinase and stimulating glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver to consequently accelerate beta cell function in the pancreas to further release insulin. [22] In this vein, it was also revealed that phytochemicals that belong to the group of tannins such as the gallotannins has role in increasing mRNA expression of GLUT 4 as well as PI3K leukotriene cells. [22] As in the case of 3β-taraxerol, a bioactive compound which is a tri-terpenoid present in magnifera indica takes its role as a PI3K dependent dual activator of glucose transport via GLUT 4 trans-membrane movement. ...
... [22] In this vein, it was also revealed that phytochemicals that belong to the group of tannins such as the gallotannins has role in increasing mRNA expression of GLUT 4 as well as PI3K leukotriene cells. [22] As in the case of 3β-taraxerol, a bioactive compound which is a tri-terpenoid present in magnifera indica takes its role as a PI3K dependent dual activator of glucose transport via GLUT 4 trans-membrane movement. [22] Resveratrol (Polyphenol) ...
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... The seeds were grouped into small (13.46 ± 1.14 cm 2 ), medium (22.25± 1.9 cm 2 ), and large (30.53 ± 1.02 cm 2 ). The axial dimensions of the seed samples were measured using the vernier calliper (±0.01 mm acc., V-Tech, VT-99, China) and the surface area was calculated using Equation (1) [20]: ...
... It is an indication of the effectiveness of the drying system in transforming energy input into energy utilized to dry seed samples. It is estimated by Eq. (20) as [14,19]: ...
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Diffusion modeling and optimization of drying dynamics of ogbono seed (Irvingea gabonensis): empirical insights into energy indices and process conditions Abstract: The drying of agro-seeds is essential for enhancing product quality and extending shelf-life. This paper explores the diffusion modeling and drying dynamics of ogbono seeds (Irvingia gabonensis), providing insights to improve drying processes and energy efficiency. The experiment employed Central Composite Design to assess the impacts of temperatures (40, 50, 60°C) and seed sizes (small, medium, and large) at a constant air velocity of 1.5 m/s on specific energy utilization, energy efficiency, seed shrinkage, and drying duration. The kinetics of water desorption were examined using the superimposition technique under different conditions. The drying behaviour was best represented by the Avhad and Marchetti model (R 2 = 0.9933, ε rms = 0.0120, χ 2 = 0.0004), revealing that drying time dropped from 240 to 180 min as the temperature increased. Shrinkage tests indicated considerable morphological defects in larger seeds due to greater porosity, whilst smaller seeds demonstrated higher structural resilience. Effective moisture diffusivity dropped by 42.5 %, from 1.21 to 3.52 × 10 −10 m 2 /s. The activation energy ranged from 55.91 to 80.68 kJ/mol. Specific energy consumption (1.05-1.60 kWh) and energy efficiency (60-85 %) exhibited a perfect balance between product quality and energy input. Under the optimal conditions of 60°C and small seed size, the specific energy of 1.075 kWh, 82.52 % energy efficiency, 8.65 % seed shrinkage, and 46.25 % drying time reduced to 129 mins was achieved. These outcomes established a yardstick for sustainable and energy-efficient ogbono seed drying. The study provides potential pathways to work in sensor-based hybrid power crop dryers and their applications to other commercially valuable seeds.
... % fat, and 11.24-17.10 % vitamins, reflecting the inherent variability in the seed composition [22]. The extracted gum exhibited significantly lower protein (9.99-11.8 ...
... This finding highlights the complexity and intrinsic diversity within the studied species by demonstrating that the many attributes of the seeds, evaluated in a multidimensional manner, are not directly related to their physical dimensions. These analyses showed that this primary data could be fundamental to developing facilities related to seed processing, handling, storage, packaging, and transportation and that studies on seed size variations contribute to these processes (Asoiro et al., 2020;Oliveira et al., 2021;Pinheiro et al., 2023;Satpathy, Naik, & Jena, 2024). It is, therefore, vital to understand the degree of variation between seed sizes in the species researched to optimize stages and form uniform batches. ...
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... Engineering properties are of great importance to harvesting and handling seeds and to the mechanical design and product processing equipment [42]. The linear dimensions and shape of seeds determine the effective separation of unwanted materials and influence the design and construction of sorting devices [43]. Based on the differences in size and shape, seeds from the matrix 1 would flow or roll through chutes and hoppers more easily than seeds from matrix 2. Brazil nut seeds are not spherical, and their large surface area suggests that they would have more difficulty rolling on a surface with a shallow or even flat slope angle. ...
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The seed, the main commercialized non-timber forest product of the Brazil nut tree, still lacks information about its physical characteristics for the promotion of its germination, optimization of post-harvest processes, and industrial processing. Showed that, although each Brazil nut matrix produces fruits and seeds with homogeneous shape and weight, the batches of fruits and seeds from each matrix differ from one another. The PCA showed that most of the variables analyzed interacted with the three geometric dimensions of the seeds, allowing for differentiation between matrices and establishing criteria for seed size classes. To design or use mechanical equipment for the industrial processing of seeds, segregation of matrices with seeds that have similar physical characteristics is essential to the development and/or use of the equipment. The study reveals that each Brazil nut matrix produces fruits and seeds with consistent shape and weight. Despite the within-matrix homogeneity, distinct differences were observed between batches of seeds from each matrix. This suggests that environmental factors or genetic variations might influence the physical characteristics of Brazil nut seeds. HIGHLIGHTS • The matrices exhibited seed variability, indicating abiotic and biotic influences on progeny. • The physical properties of seeds present heterogeneity in size and shape. • Larger fruits had fewer seeds and consequently the heaviest. • Analyzing seed physical properties helps tailor processing equipment to size strategies.
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... The basic characteristics of the activated carbon prepared from the endocarp of Irvingia gabonensis are presented in Table 1. The bulk density was found to be 0.32 g/cm 3 which agrees with the report of Asoiro et al. (2020) who recorded a range of 0.3 -0.34 g/cm 3 . The pH was 8.4, which is quite basic in nature and good for adsorption, since adsorption process increases with high pH especially within the range of 8.0 -9.0 (Ogbozige and Nwobu, 2021). ...
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... Bulk densities, coefficients of friction on some commonly used material surfaces (galvanized steel, plywood, glass, plastic, and concrete), and angles of repose of crops are all needed for the development of handling and storage machinery (Parde et al., 2003). These properties are also necessary for predicting the load and pressure on storage structures, as well as designing grain hoppers for processing equipment (Asoiro et al., 2020). ...
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In this study, the effect of moisture content on the physical attributes of baobab seeds was examined, along with the implications for the design of machinery for postharvest handling and processing of the seeds. The seed's volume, sphericity, aspect ratio, axial dimensions, arithmetic, and geometric mean diameters were all determined. Gravimetric properties including porosity, bulk density, and thousand grain mass were measured. Additionally, the seeds' frictional characteristics on different surfaces for handling after harvest were established. The arithmetic and geometric mean diameters were found to be in a range of 8.00 and 9.64 mm and 7.86 and 9.50 mm, respectively, with moisture contents between 5.4 and 20.6% on a dry basis. The seed's sphericity ranged from 78.18 to 80.38 percent. Densities for the bulk and particle ranged from 740.77 to 763.40 kg/m 3 and 1155.22 to 1223-29 kg/m 3 , respectively. The study revealed that among the four frictional surfaces, plywood surface had the greatest resistance to the flow of the seeds, and the least was registered for the glass surface material. The effect of moisture content on the seed's physical properties were statistically significant (p≤0.05). Regression equations for future predicting the various physical properties at different moisture contents were developed. The study has produced valuable information that will help with the design of machinery for handling and processing baobab seeds after harvest.
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Biopolymers are a class of polymers derived from natural sources such as plants, and two of such biopolymers are extracts from Irvingia gabonensis and Triumfetta pentandra cultivated in West Africa. Viscosity is an important characteristic of polymers which is primarily affected by temperature. In this work, the effect of temperature on the viscosity of the two biopolymers, Irvingia gabonensis and Triumphetta pentandra are investigated for 4, 6 and 8g/l concentrations at temperatures of 15 - 50oC. The chemical compositions of the polymers were determined using an X-ray Florescence spectrometer and the compositions were compared against each other. Laboratory results show thatTriumphetta pentandra is a better polymer than Irvingia gabonensis in terms of viscosity. For all the concentrations considered, a sudden rise in temperature at 30oC was observed for Triumphetta pentandra which is speculated to be a critical temperature for the polymer. The characterization tests show that Triumphetta pentandra and Irvingiagabonensis contain the same chemical elements but in varying quantities. These variations could be responsible for the highly viscous nature of Triumphetta pentandraover Irvingia gabonensis.