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Phylogram of relationships of species of Osteobrama, based on mitochondrial COI sequences, with emphasis of samples identified as O. cotio or "O. serrata". Other branches were collapsed. Sequences of "O. serrata" are duplicated, as obviously these sequences were first submitted as O. cotio (KT896700, KT896701, KT896702, KT896703), and again as "O. serrata" (KU867239, KU867238, KU867240, KU867241). Branches are annotated with GenBank Accession number, clade designation (A, B), and river drainage. Collapsed branches include Osteobrama belangeri (KT921838-921849, KU867233867237, KX245099, MG895642-43, MG895247, NC_036232); O. cunma (KF029669; KT921850-921860, KU867242KU867247, KX245100, MG895648-895649, NC_031559); O. feae (KT921871-921873, NC_031560); O vigorsii (KF550094-550100). Numbers at branches show Bayesian posterior probabilities. The scale bar shows number of expected substitutions per site.
Source publication
Osteobrama cotio is considered to be a widespread species in India and Bangladesh. Mitochondrial DNA (COI, 16S rRNA) shows that populations from the Meghna River, Karnafuli and Sangu Rivers, Narmada River, and Godavari River are genetically distinct from each other. No morphological differences were found to separate Meghna and Karnafuli+Sangu popu...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... new COI sequences combined with those available from GenBank in May 2018, identified as Osteobrama cotio or "O. serrata", and including those published by Maisnam et al. (2018) and Singh et al. (2018), show two major clades (Fig. 3), correlating with the geographical distribution of samples (Fig. 4 these groups as clade A, comprising all O. cotio from the Karnafuli, Narmada, and Sangu, drainages, and one sub- clade inferred to represent the Godavari drainage; and clade B, comprising all O. cotio from the Barak, Brahmaputra, Meghna, Surma, and Yamuna (Ganga) ...
Context 2
... 983425, 983427, 983429) and one without locality (EU417780) were labelled as O. cotio, whereas their own four sequences from Jiribam, Jiri River, Meghna River basin (KU867238- KU867241), and one GenBank sequence from Tanguar Haor, Sunamganj, Bangladesh, in the Meghna River basin (KT762359) were assigned to "O. serrata". The 16S rRNA tree ( fig. 3) only contains sequences assigned to "O. serrata". Singh et al. (2018) distinguished " O. serrata" from Osteobrama cotio by K2P distance, but also morphology, based on a comparison with data in Hamilton (1822): presence vs. no mention of serrations along the third dorsal-fin ray, 11-12 vs. 10 dorsal-fin rays, three vs. two unbranched ...
Citations
... peninsularis Silas, 1952, O. vigorsii (Sykes, 1839), O. dayi (Hora and Misra, 1940), O. neilli (Day, 1873), and O. bakeri (Day, 1873)-are found, while three species-O. cunma (Day, 1888), O. belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844), and O. feae Vinciguerra, 1890-are distributed in Southeast Asia, Myanmar, and China [17,19,20]. A recent addition to the genus is O. tikarpadaensis (Shangningam, Rath, Tudu and Kosygin, 2020), described from the Mahanadi River in Odisha, central India, and reported in the Erai River, Godavari drainages, Maharashtra [21,22]. ...
... The representative COI sequences of three genera within the Smiliogastrinae subfamily, namely Osteobrama, Rohtee (Sykes, 1839), and Mystacoleucus (Günther, 1868), were acquired from the GenBank database. Consistent with prior research [20], uncertain sequences of O. cotio from the Narmada River Basin, Karnafuli, and Sangu Rivers were excluded from the dataset. Additionally, a maximum of five representative sequences from three congeners (O. ...
... Additionally, a maximum of five representative sequences from three congeners (O. belangeri, O. cunma, and O. feae) were incorporated into the dataset [20]. The COI sequences for O. dayi, sourced from GenBank, were included in the study. ...
The taxonomy and geographical distributions of Osteobrama species have historically posed challenges to ichthyologists, leading to uncertainties regarding their native ranges. While traditional taxonomy has proven valuable in classification, the utility of an integrated approach is restricted for this particular group due to limitations in combining information from biogeography, morphology, and genetic data. This study addresses the taxonomic puzzle arising from the recent identification of Osteobrama tikarpadaensis in the Mahanadi and Godavari Rivers, casting doubt on the actual distribution and systematics of both O. tikarpadaensis and Osteobrama vigorsii. The research reveals distinctions among specimens resembling O. vigorsii from the Krishna and Godavari riverine systems. Notably, specimens identified as O. vigorsii from the Indian Museum exhibit two pairs of barbels, while those from the Godavari River in this study are identified as O. tikarpadaensis. Inter-species genetic divergence and maximum likelihood phylogeny provide clear delineation between O. vigorsii and O. tikarpadaensis. The study suggests that O. vigorsii may be limited to the Krishna River system in southern India, while O. tikarpadaensis could potentially extend from the Mahanadi River in central India to the Godavari River in southern India. Proposed revision to morphological features for both species, accompanied by revised taxonomic keys, aim to facilitate accurate differentiation among Osteobrama congeners. The data generated by this research provide a resource for future systematic investigations into cyprinids in India and surrounding regions. Further, the genetic diversity information obtained from various riverine systems for Osteobrama species will be instrumental in guiding aquaculture practices and formulating effective conservation action plans.
... It is also a good swimmer, able to move quickly and gracefully through the water. C. punctatus is a popular food fish in many parts of its native range and is also kept as an aquarium fish [80,81]. ...
This study focuses on freshwater fish biodiversity of a dam, a topic of great interest and importance in ecology and conservation biology. Complex interactions between the physical and ecological factors of dam environments can dramatically impact the fish populations they support. Dams alter the flow regime, reduce access to habitats, change water temperatures, and may introduce pollutants, all of which can lead to changes in freshwater fish populations. Dams can also be a source of novelty environments that host unique species assemblages, including the introduction of exotic species and the creation of novel habitats, such as rivers being converted into reservoirs or dams creating warm water outlets. Effective management practices, including the restoration of habitat connectivity and focusing on conservation efforts, can positively impact fish populations in dam environments, enhance the fish biodiversity, and help to preserve and restore the natural environment. Our biodiversity study summarizes the work done in this direction till date on Indrapuri Dam of Rohtas district in Bihar, India along with its comparison to data collected by us. Our aim here is to know how diversity is changing in this dam over the years. We found 41 freshwater fish species in this dam belonging to 19 families and 10 orders in this study as compared to 25 fish species belonging to 12 families and 5 orders reported 7 years back. In comparison to previous studies we found an increase in biodiversity of fishes in the dam.
... Species of Osteobrama are frequent and abundant in lentic habitats throughout their range in Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, and Pakistan (Hora & Misra 1940;Talwar &Jhingran 1991 andVishwanath &Shantakumar 2007). Rahman et al. (2018) recognized eight species of Osteobrama, viz., O. belangeri (Valenciennes 1844); O. feae Vinciguerra (1890) and O. cunma (Day 1888) from the Chindwin-Irrawaddy drainage of India and Myanmar; O. cotio (Hamilton 1822) from the Barak-Meghna and Ganga-Brahmaputra drainages of India and Bangladesh; O. neilli (Day 1873) from the Cauvery drainage of India; O. bakeri (Day 1873) from west-flowing rivers in Kerala; and O. vigorsii (Sykes 1839) and O. peninsularis Silas (1952) from the Godavari and Krishna drainages of India. Hora & Misra (1940) described Osteobrama dayi from the Godavari River based on three specimens. ...
A new species of the genus Osteobrama is described from the Mahanadi River, Tikarpada, Angul District, Odisha state, India. Osteobrama tikarpadaensis, new species, differs from its congeners in having two pairs of minute barbels; iii–iv unbranched dorsal-fin rays with 25–33 serrae on the last unbranched ray; 15–16 branched pectoral-fin rays, and 25–27 branched anal-fin rays. The status of Osteobrama dayi is discussed and shown to be a valid species. A key to the species of the genus is provided.
... OBUs 126, Osteobrama cotio, and 127, O. cf. cotio, differed in coi and mt-rnr2 sequences 22 . Samples from the Karnafuli and Sangu drainages were slightly different from those from the Meghna drainage, including published sequences from the Barak River. ...
... Samples from the Karnafuli and Sangu drainages were slightly different from those from the Meghna drainage, including published sequences from the Barak River. No morphological differences were found and they might be cryptic species 22 . Because O. cotio is a widespread species, it should be re-analyzed with inclusion of representation of the entire geographical distribution 23 . ...
... Consequently, "cryptic OBUs" require taxonomic assessment, and evolutionary analysis, and in the meantime remain ghost OBUs. Whereas many of our sequences cannot be linked to a particular species, only few cases of sibling or cryptic species were demonstrated in cyprinids and badids so far 18,20,22 , and the unidentified OBUs should not be assumed to represent cryptic species or undescribed species in the absence of taxonomic analysis. Nation-wide or regional barcoding surveys, have been proposed to accelerate DNA barcode coverage 43 , and some have been attempted, such as the one reported here. ...
We sequenced the standard DNA barcode gene fragment in 694 newly collected specimens, representing 243 species level Operational Barcode Units (OBUs) of freshwater fishes from Bangladesh. We produced coi sequences for 149 out of the 237 species already recorded from Bangladesh. Another 83 species sequenced were not previously recorded for the country, and include about 30 undescribed or potentially undescribed species. Several of the taxa that we could not sample represent erroneous records for the country, or sporadic occurrences. Species identifications were classified at confidence levels 1(best) to 3 (worst). We propose the new term Operational Barcode Unit (OBU) to simplify references to would-be DNA barcode sequences and sequence clusters. We found one case where there were two mitochondrial lineages present in the same species, several cases of cryptic species, one case of introgression, one species yielding a pseudogene to standard barcoding primers, and several cases of taxonomic uncertainty and need for taxonomic revision. Large scale national level DNA barcode prospecting in high diversity regions may suffer from lack of taxonomic expertise that cripples the result. Consequently, DNA barcoding should be performed in the context of taxonomic revision, and have a defined, competent end-user.
... It is unlikely that it represents an undetected species that has hybridized with B. pallidus in the Sangu River, but this hypothesis is open for testing. Observations of other species in southeastern Bangladesh show that the Sangu and Karnafuli Rivers share a distinct fish fauna (e.g., Rahman et al. 2018). Kullander et al. (2017) reported on introgression in Devario anomalus Conway, Mayden & Tang, 2009, a species restricted to the Sangu and Matamuhuri Rivers and coastal streams near Cox′s Bazar, by Devario aequipinnatus (M′Clelland,1839), a common species in the Karnafuli and more western drainages, but not recorded from the Sangu River. ...
Five species of Badidae are reported from Bangladesh, with morphological diagnoses and mitochondrial DNA sequences (cytochrome b, cytb; and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, coi). Dario kajal is recorded from Bangladesh for the first time with a precise locality. Badis badis is reported from several localities in central Bangladesh. Badis chittagongis is redescribed on the basis of samples from the region of Cox′s Bazar, including Maheskhali Island. Badis pallidus, new species, is described from the Sangu and Karnafuli River drainages in Bangladesh. It is most similar to B. chittagongis, but differs slightly in colouration and meristics, and is separated by 3.8% uncorrected p-distance in coi from B. chittagongis. Badis chittagongis and B. pallidus are almost identical in morphology, colour pattern and meristics, but occupy different habitats and are reciprocally allopatric. Pronounced genetic difference but similar morphology in these two species may be due to strong stabilizing selection for cryptic colouration in Badis. Badis rhabdotus is a new species from northeastern Bangladesh and adjacent Meghalaya in India. It is distinguished from congeneric species by the colour pattern, including well-defined narrow vertical bars; posterior bars curved; and meristics. Species delimitation analysis of an alignment comprising all coi sequences available from GenBank longer than 600 bp and attributed to species of Badidae (21 June 2018) plus our coi sequences and outgroup sequences of Nandus nandus, using pairwise p-distance and the computer software GMYC, ABGD, and bPTP, produced similar results. Among 103 coi sequences of Badidae, unidentified or tagged with one of 18 valid species names, uncorrected p-distance suggests 27 OTUs at 2% difference threshold; ABGD found between 15 and 55 OTUs; GMYC with single evolutionary rate 33 OTUs, with multiple evolutionary rates 32 OTUs; PTP, mPTP and bPTP 27–28 OTUs. Phylogenetic analysis based on coi and cytb sequences support previous analyses and previously proposed species groups. Inadequate recent species descriptions and many misidentifications or provisional identifications of published DNA sequences hamper progress in species-level systematics in Badis. Based on published morphological data, Badis triocellus cannot be distinguished from B. singenensis; Badis dibruensis and B. pancharatnaensis cannot be distinguished from B. badis; Badis andrewraoi, B. autumnum, B. kyanos, and B. soraya are insufficiently well distinguished from each other.
Osteobrama peninsularis has been reported in southern Indian drainages, particularly in the Krishna River drainage. This study provides new findings of O. peninsularis in two distant locations: the Kangsabati River (Suvarnarekha River drainage) in West Bengal and Wyra Lake (Godavari River drainage) in Telangana. This marks the first record of O. peninsularis in eastern India, specifically in West Bengal. The species can be distinguished from other Osteobrama members by its 28–31 branched anal-fin rays and 55–60 lateral line scales, along with other unique morphological features. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase C subunit I gene sequences from specimens collected in Suvarnarekha and Godavari River drainages cluster together in the phylogenetic analysis, indicating that the clade of O. peninsularis is distinct and maintains significant genetic distance from its congeners.
The Beas River is one of the important rivers of the Indus River system located in Himachal Pradesh, India, that harbors a diverse range of freshwater fish species. The present study employed COI gene to investigate the ichthyofaunal diversity of river Beas. Through the sequencing of 203 specimens from Beas River, we identified 43 species, belonging to 31 genera, 16 families, and 10 orders. To analyze the genetic divergence and phylogeny of identified species, 485 sequences of Indian origin were retrieved from BOLD, resulting in a dataset of 688 sequences. Our findings consistently revealed a hierarchical increase in the mean K2P genetic divergence within species (0.80%), genus (9.06%), and families (15.35%). Automated Barcode Gap discovery, Neighbour Joining, and Bayesian inference consensus tree methodologies were employed to determine the putative species and their phylogeny, successfully delimiting most of the species with only a few exceptions. The results unveiled six species exhibiting high intra-species divergence (> 2%), suggesting the presence of sibling species and falsely identified sequences on online databases. The present study established the first DNA barcoding-based inventory of freshwater fish species in the Beas River providing comprehensive insights into economically exploited endangered and vulnerable species. In order to ensure the sustainable use of aquatic resources in the Beas River, we recommend the implementation of species measures to protect biodiversity and genetic resources.
