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Phylogenetic tree for the genus Lophozia s. str. and relative genera, based on combined nucleotide sequences of nuclear DNA ITS1-2 and cpDNA trnL-F locus by the method of maximum likelihood (loglk =-7761.38761). The bootstrap supports are indicated.
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Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed for 21 taxa of Lophozia s. str. and the related genera, Schistochilopsis (5 species), Protolophozia elongate, and Obtusifolium obtusum based on pooled nuclear ITS 1-2 and chloroplast trnL-F DNA sequences. The trees were characterized by similar topology. It was demonstrate...
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... locality, collector, KPABG herbarium number The ML phylogenetic tree is presented in the Fig. 1. In MP analysis, a single tree with the length of 1587 steps was found. It is presented in Fig. 2 with the indi- cation of Bremer support index, jackknife support val- ues, and the branch lengths. The ML and MP tree topol- ogies were identical, except for relative positions of Lophozia cf. wenzelii var. groenlandica, and L. wenzelii ...
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... the same time, all samples of Lophozia sudetica formed a clade, which was sepa- rated from the other species belonging to Lophozia s. str. by the species of the genus Schistochilopsis, along with Protolophozi elongata and Obtusifolium obtusum ( Figs. 1 and 2). Similar results were reported in the previous work of our laboratories on the analysis of the trnL-F region using another samples of taxa [12]. ...
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... the species of Schistochilopsis examined formed a clade, however, with weak support ( Figs. 1 and 2). Tree positions of Schistochilopsis laxa and S. capitata were consistent with their grouping into the section Heter- ogemma (Joerg.) ...
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... grandiretis demonstrated the pres- ence of substantial morphological differences from S. opacifolia and S. incisa (cell network pattern, stem coloration, and others), which characterized it as fairly distinct species. In the trees constructed ( Figs. 1 and 2), it was a sister species to the S. opacifolia + incisa. ...
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... from Chita region (by 5% at the ITS1-2 and by 2% at the trnL). Substantial morphological differences of these species (perianth mouth structure, oil bodies' pat- tern, and others), along with molecular data confirm the species status of Lophozia silvicoloides and demon- strate the absence of close relationships with L. silvi- cola ( Figs. 1 and 2), which were earlier suggested by Schuster [1]. ...
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Citations
... 1. Leaves with distinctly winged keels [hemiboreal to temperate amphi-Pacific East Asia] Schistochilopsis cornuta 1. Leaves without winged keels, keel absent … 2 2. Leaves only obscurely lobed, prominently dentate [Taiwan] … Schistochilopsis nakanishii 2. Leaves distinctly lobed, prominently dentate to nearly entire … 3 3. Arctic and mountainous northern hemiarctic species, with 2(-3)-lobed leaves, scarcely toothed or with entire leaf margin and not numerous (less [15][16][17][18][19][20] oil bodies per midleaf cell … Schistochilopsis hyperarctica 3. Taxa not confined to the Arctic, leaves mostly 3-5-lobed, rarely (as an exception only) bilobed, mostly densely and prominently toothed, rarely entire, oil bodies in the midleaf cells numerous, more than 20 per cell … 4 4. Plants of somewhat orthotropic growth, with leaves unistratose to the base, and goldenbrownish coloration of apical part of shoots [hemiarctic-boreal amphi-Pacific] … Schistochilopsis pacifica 4. Plants of plagiotropic growth, rarely orthotropic, then leaves 2-5-stratose in the base or not occurring in the hemiarctic or boreal amphi-Paficic, brownish-golden coloration never developed … 5 5. Midleaf cells smaller than cells along leaf margin, trigones concave in the midleaf [Andean-Sino-Himalayan] … Schistochilopsis boliviensis 5. Midleaf cells larger than cells along leaf margin, trigones mostly convex in the midleaf [various areas including Sino-Himalaya] … 6 6. Leaves densely dentate-ciliate, terminal cell of the leaf lobe apices over 100 μm long, leaves mostly 3-5-lobed … Schistochilopsis setosa 6. Leaves dentate, but never ciliate, terminal cell of leaf lobe apices shorter 100 μm long, leaves mostly 2-3-lobed, or 4-lobed, but then terminal cell of the teeth less 50 μm long … Schistochilopsis incisa s.l. ...
The taxonomic diversity center of Schistochilopsis is in East Asia, where the genus also shows the highest genetic diversity and morphological plasticity. The integrative survey of Schistochilopsis in East Asia was the main goal of the present account. Plant materials were obtained from recent collections made by authors in various parts of amphi-Pacific Asia; several types of specimens were also studied. The study includes phylogenetic reconstructions from nuclear ITS1,2, chloroplast trnL and trnG sequences, and anatomo-morphological, biogeographical, and taxonomical analyses. As a result, it was concluded that S. obscura should be transferred to Lophozia s. str. and S. grandiretis to the newly described genus Protochilopsis. Lophozia boliviensis was found to be part of the Andean–Sino-Himalayan taxon belonging to Schistochilopsis. The species status of S. hyperarctica and S. opacifolia was not confirmed. Substantial genetic variation is observed within S. incisa with possible cryptic sympatric distributed entities. The taxonomical section of the paper provides a discussion on the status, distinctive morphological traits, distribution, and ecology supplemented with the morphological description for poorly understood taxa. In the vast majority of cases, the illustrations and photographs made from the types and living material are provided.
... I think this is rather the cluster of young taxa that are not so well delimited morphologically. The genetic research of the group conducted by Vilnet et al. (2007Vilnet et al. ( , 2008 resulted in maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees based on combined nuclear ITS1-2 and chloroplast trnL-F DNA sequences. The trees showed L. longiflora as the taxon related to L. silvicoloides, genetically uniform across its area. ...
Lophozia longiflora is lectotypified by the specimen from authentic material of the taxon housed in the herbarium STR. The species prefers moist to wet cliffy or swampy habitats in hemiarctic and northern boreal zones and corresponding mountain belts throughout the northern Holarctic, and is morphologically different from the mainly epixylous boreal and oroboreal taxon Lophozia guttulata. The main features of the species are canaliculate-concave leaves, with gibbous sinus and leaf lobes turned to the apex and inward of the leaf, convex trigones of midleaf cells, strongly recurved sinus margins of female bracts and bracteoles and a sparsely dentate perianth mouth with teeth 1-2 cells long.
... CBFS:18669: KU954331), amplifikace a sekvenace jaderné ITS se zdařila pouze částečně u jedné položky každého druhu, proto jsme tyto částečné sekvence v analýzách dále nepoužili. Pro fylogenetickou analýzu jsme kromě našich sekvencí použili sekvence volně dostupné v databázi GenBank, které byly ve většině případů získány z materiálu, analyzovaného v pracích de Roo et al. (2007) a Vilnet et al. (2007, 2008. Byly použity pouze sekvence druhů reprezentativních zástupců rodů čeledi Scapaniaceae s. l., které tvoří komplex blízce příbuzných druhů, spolu se sekvencemi Isopaches decolorans a Pseudolophozia sudetica z čeledi Anastrophyllaceae. ...
... Fylogenetická rekonstrukce potvrdila v hlavních obrysech vzájemné vztahy mezi čeledi Scapaniaceae s. l., publikované v pracích de Roo et al. (2007) a Vilnet et al. (2007Vilnet et al. ( , 2008Vilnet et al. ( , 2010. Rod Schistochilopsis je sesterskou skupinou ke Scapaniaceae s. str. ...
The liverwort Schistochilopsis opacifolia, considered vanished from
the Czech bryoflora, was detected in recent collections from the
Labská rokle ravine in the Krkonoše Mts, and its identification and
distinctness from S. incisa was confirmed by molecular barcoding
using trnL–trnF chloroplast sequences. A selective partial revision
of material collected in the summit region of the Krkonoše Mts
yielded several other specimens, all of which were collected in the
Labský důl valley. The diagnostic characters of the species are
discussed to prompt the search for other localities of this rare, yet
probably partly overlooked, species of our liverwort flora.
... CBFS:18669: KU954331), amplifikace a sekvenace jaderné ITS se zdařila pouze částečně u jedné položky každého druhu, proto jsme tyto částečné sekvence v analýzách dále nepoužili. Pro fylogenetickou analýzu jsme kromě našich sekvencí použili sekvence volně dostupné v databázi GenBank, které byly ve většině případů získány z materiálu, analyzovaného v pracích de Roo et al. (2007) a Vilnet et al. (2007, 2008. Byly použity pouze sekvence druhů reprezentativních zástupců rodů čeledi Scapaniaceae s. l., které tvoří komplex blízce příbuzných druhů, spolu se sekvencemi Isopaches decolorans a Pseudolophozia sudetica z čeledi Anastrophyllaceae. ...
... Fylogenetická rekonstrukce potvrdila v hlavních obrysech vzájemné vztahy mezi čeledi Scapaniaceae s. l., publikované v pracích de Roo et al. (2007) a Vilnet et al. (2007Vilnet et al. ( , 2008Vilnet et al. ( , 2010. Rod Schistochilopsis je sesterskou skupinou ke Scapaniaceae s. str. ...
The liverwort Schistochilopsis opacifolia, considered vanished from
the Czech bryoflora, was detected in recent collections from the
Labská rokle ravine in the Krkonoše Mts, and its identification and
distinctness from S. incisa was confirmed by molecular barcoding
using trnL–trnF chloroplast sequences. A selective partial revision
of material collected in the summit region of the Krkonoše Mts
yielded several other specimens, all of which were collected in the
Labský důl valley. The diagnostic characters of the species are
discussed to prompt the search for other localities of this rare, yet
probably partly overlooked, species of our liverwort flora.
... Davis 2004; Crandall-Stotler 2004, 2005; Heinrichs et al. 2005; He-Nygrén et al. 2006; Forrest et al. 2006). These and subsequent family level studies, such as those of de Roo et al. (2007), He-Nygrén (2007), Hentschel et al. (2006 Hentschel et al. ( , 2007), Wilson et al. (2007) and Vilnet et al. (2007) resulted in numerous new insights, most of which were incorporated in the most recent comprehensive classification of liverworts by Stotler et al. (2009). Our results extend previous inferences and provide support for additional realignments of several taxa of the Jungermanniineae. ...
Abstract— The suborder Jungermanniineae of the Jungermanniales is a major lineage of leafy liverworts, recognized in recent classifications to include 15 families. Gametophytes within the suborder are morphologically diverse, but commonly anisophyllous to distichous, usually with succubous, rarely transverse or incubuous, leaf insertions. Sporophytes are frequently, but not universally, enclosed by stem-derived perigynia or coelocaules, often accompanied by perianth reduction or loss and some level of geocauly or marsupial development. We herein provide the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of this geographically widespread suborder, using sequences generated from one nuclear (rpb2), two mitochondrial (nad1 and rps3), and seven plastid (atpB, psbA, psbT-H, rbcL, rps4, trnG and trnL) loci, sampled from 279 accessions representing 163 species in 57 genera. Ancestral states were reconstructed for 14 morphological characters generally considered taxonomically diagnostic for families in the suborder. Our phylogenetic analyses support the return of Leiomylia (= Mylia anomala) to the Myliaceae, removal of Myliaceae from the Jungermanniineae, and validation of the monogeneric suborder Myliineae subord. nov. to house it. Eighteen families are recognized within the Jungermanniineae, nine of which are monogeneric; namely, Endogemmataceae, Harpanthaceae, Gyrothyraceae, Arnelliaceae, Saccogynaceae, Geocalycaceae, Jackiellaceae, Notoscyphaceae stat. nov., and Trichotemnomaceae. The generic compositions of other families are modified as follows: Saccogynidium is transferred from Geocalycaceae to a newly named subfamily of Acrobolbaceae, Acrobolbaceae subf. Saccogynidioideae, and one other subfamily of the Acrobolbaceae is validated, Acrobolbaceae subf. Austrolophozioideae; Hygrobiella is included in Antheliaceae (previously in Cephaloziaceae or its own family); Jungermanniaceae is broadened to include Mesoptychiaceae and Delavayellaceae; Cryptocoleopsis and Nardia are transferred from Solenostomataceae to Gymnomitriaceae; Gottschelia, Herzogobryum, and Nothogymnomitrion are excluded from the Jungermanniineae; Solenostomataceae is recognized to include Solenostoma, Arctoscyphus, Cryptocolea, and Diplocolea. Additional nomenclatural changes include recognizing Horikawaella as a synonym of Solenostoma and Apomarsupella as a synonym of Gymnomitrion, establishing two new subgenera of Solenostoma, Solenostoma subg. Metasolenostoma and Solenostoma subg. Eucalyx , and transferring Jungermannia conchata to Cephalozia. Morphological character state reconstructions identify dioecious inflorescences, gametangia on leading stems, flagelliform or stoloniferous branches absent, dorsal leaf insertions not overlapping the stem midline, large underleaves, and lack of gemmae as ancestral within the Jungermanniineae. All morphological characters appear to be moderately to highly homoplasious within the suborder.
... A probably identical case concerns Lophoziopsis excisa (Dickson 1793: 11) Konstantinova & Vilnet (2010: 66) and Lophoziopsis propagulifera (Gottsche 1890: 451) Konstantinova & Vilnet (2010: 67), discussed in detail in Váňa et Engel (2013: 75-76) where Lophoziopsis excisa is reported as paroicous and Lophoziopsis propagulifera as dioicous (Stephani 1902: 139), paroicous (Schuster 1969a: 521) or dioicous, rarely paroicous or autoicous (Bakalin 2005: 100). This problem was intensively studied by molecular methods by Vilnet et al. (2007Vilnet et al. ( , 2008; and the authors could not resolve Lophoziopsis propagulifera as a distinct species. In that study Lophoziopsis propagulifera (based on a specimen from the Kamchatka region) forms a separate clade with Lophoziopsis excisa (based on collections from the Murmansk area and Spitzbergen). ...
... If we recognize the latter taxon at the species level, then the Spitzbergen specimens of Lophozia excisa should be treated as separate species, too." The cladograms in the molecular studies of Vilnet et al. (2007Vilnet et al. ( , 2008 reveal that Lophoziopsis propagulifera should be separated at the specific level only if we accept additional "microspecies" within the Lophoziopsis excisa complex and disregard influence of ecological factors on the sexuality of the plants. Maybe similar problems are more common in autoicous species where this phenomenon is more complicated as the autoicity sometimes is difficult to detect because of disintegration of basal parts of the shoots. ...
The sexuality of Solenostoma species is discussed and it is concluded that Solenostoma sanguinolentum is heteroicous. This and other morphological differences from Solenostoma marcescens are discussed and they are considered to belong to the same species. Heteroicity probably also occurs in Solenostoma micranthum and possibly in other Solenostoma species. Solenostoma rossicum and Solenostoma pyriflorum subsp. purpureum are new synonyms to Solenostoma sphaerocarpum. Solenostoma ochotense is a new synonym to Solenostoma hokkaidense. Solenostoma costaricanum is a new synonym to Solenostoma amoenum. Plectocolea subbalfourii is a new synonym to Solenostoma balfourii. Solenostoma rubrum var. underwoodii is a new synonym to Solenostoma rubrum. Plectocolea yunnanensis is a new synonym to Solenostoma sikkimense. Solenostoma inundatum var. grandirete is a new synonym to Solenostoma orbiculatum. Solenostoma kurilense and Solenostoma ovalifolia are new combinations and Solenostoma philippinense a new species.
... Since genera and all higher taxonomic ranks are arbitrary, both lumping or splitting would be possible and there is no a priori scientific argument to favor either solution. Such reclassifications often lead to genera that are not distinguishable by phenotypical characters, and these have been called ''cryptic genera''18192021 analogous to ''cryptic species'', which are morphologically undistinguishable22232425262728. Here we propose a new, quantitative approach to choose among alternative classifications, combining the technique of morphology-based phylogenetic binning with a multi-response permutation procedure (MRPP)293031. ...
Molecular phylogenies often reveal that taxa circumscribed by phenotypical characters are not monophyletic. While re-examination of phenotypical characters often identifies the presence of characters characterizing clades, there is a growing number of studies that fail to identify diagnostic characters, especially in organismal groups lacking complex morphologies. Taxonomists then can either merge the groups or split taxa into smaller entities. Due to the nature of binomial nomenclature, this decision is of special importance at the generic level. Here we propose a new approach to choose among classification alternatives using a combination of morphology-based phylogenetic binning and a multiresponse permutation procedure to test for morphological differences among clades. We illustrate the use of this method in the tribe Thelotremateae focusing on the genus Chapsa, a group of lichenized fungi in which our phylogenetic estimate is in conflict with traditional classification and the morphological and chemical characters do not show a clear phylogenetic pattern. We generated 75 new DNA sequences of mitochondrial SSU rDNA, nuclear LSU rDNA and the protein-coding RPB2. This data set was used to infer phylogenetic estimates using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. The genus Chapsa was found to be polyphyletic, forming four well-supported clades, three of which clustering into one unsupported clade, and the other, supported clade forming two supported subclades. While these clades cannot be readily separated morphologically, the combined binning/multiresponse permutation procedure showed that accepting the four clades as different genera each reflects the phenotypical pattern significantly better than accepting two genera (or five genera if splitting the first clade). Another species within the Thelotremateae, Thelotrema petractoides, a unique taxon with carbonized excipulum resembling Schizotrema, was shown to fall outside Thelotrema. Consequently, the new genera Astrochapsa, Crutarndina, Pseudochapsa, and Pseudotopeliopsis are described here and 39 new combinations are proposed.
... Thus Vacciniina sensu auctorum represents three cryptic genera, i.e. three species clusters that cannot be separated from one another based on their morphological characters and, at the same time, cannot be lumped into a single genus as their combination would be polyphyletic. As a consequence, we suggest that the recognition of cryptic genera ( Vilnet et al., 2007;Lucky and Sarnat, 2008) may be useful, in the same manner that the recognition of cryptic species is now widely used ( Descimon and Mallet, 2009). Cryptic genera are the consequence of unrecognized parallelisms in evolution of some morphological characters or of the long preservation of plesiomorphic states that are mistakenly considered synapomorphies; or of both processes acting simultaneously in different characters. ...
Most taxonomists agree on the need to adapt current classifications to recognize monophyletic units. However, delineations between higher taxonomic units can be based on the relative ages of different lineages and⁄or the level of morphological differentiation. In this paper, we address these issues in considering the species-rich Polyommatus section, a group of butterflies whose taxonomy has been highly controversial. We propose a taxonomy-friendly, flexible temporal scheme for higher-level classification. Using molecular data from nine markers (6666 bp) for 104 representatives of the Polyommatus section, representing all but two of the 81 described genera ⁄ subgenera and five outgroups, we obtained a complete and well resolved phylogeny for this clade. We use this to revise the systematics of the Polyommatus blues, and to define criteria that best accommodate the described genera within a phylogenetic framework. First, we normalize the concept of section (Polyommatus) and propose the use of subtribe (Polyommatina) instead. To preserve taxonomic stability and traditionally recognized taxa, we designate an age interval (4–5 Myr) instead of a fixed minimum age to define genera. The application of these criteria results in the retention of 31 genera of the 81 formally described generic names, and necessitates the description of one new genus (Rueckbeilia gen. nov.). We note that while classifications should be based on phylogenetic data, applying a rigid universal scheme is rarely feasible. Ideally, taxon age limits should be applied according to the particularities and pre-existing taxonomy of each group. We demonstrate that the concept of a morphological gap may be misleading at the genus level and can produce polyphyletic genera, and we propose that recognition of the existence of cryptic genera may be useful in taxonomy.
... An illustrative example is provided by the genus Lophozia, which includes the subgenera Lophozia, Barbilophozia, Leiocolea, Massula (Schistochilopsis), Orthocaulis, Isopaches, and Obtusifolium when considered in the broad sense [34]. The genus Lophozia s. l. proved to be polyphyletic and the understanding of genera in the narrow sense was justified in all of the relevant studies, which analyzed different loci and different samples of species [55,57,71,72]. Moreover, polyphyly was observed for several genera accepted in the narrow sense. ...
... Konstant. proved to form a clade sister to the genus Barbilophozia Loeske [71,72]. ...
... heteromorpha complex, questioning the species status of the three taxa. On the other hand, the species Lophozia lantratoviae Bakalin, which was described recently, is clearly separate according to molecular data [71]. The actual species diversity of the genus Lophozia s. str., which is one of the most abundant genera in Russia, needs further investigation. ...
The current state of molecular studies in liverworts, including original data, was considered. The traditional concepts of
the liverwort phylogeny and systematics have greatly changed as a result of recent molecular researches. The phylogenetic
inferences from studies of different DNA loci of different species sampling are mainly congruent. The phylogeny and systematics
of the suborder Jungermaniineae, one of the largest and taxonomically difficult groups, is discussed on the basis of nucleotide
sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1-2) of nuclear rDNA and chloroplast trnL-F in a representative species sampling.
... We share the ideas of Schlyakov (1980Schlyakov ( , 1981), who followed the narrow generic concepts suggested by Scandinavian researchers ( Buch, 1933;Arnell, 1956). Modern analysis of molecular data have provided more precise definition of the systematic position of a number of taxa ( Vilnet et al., 2007). Synonyms from regional papers are given in parenthesis after the accepted names of species. ...
Dulin M.V., Philippov D.A., Karmazina E.V. 2009. Current state of knowledge of the liverwort and hornwort flora of the Vologda Region, Russia. Folia Cryptogamica Estonica. 2009. Fasc. 45. P. 13–22.
An annotated checklist of liverworts and hornworts is presented for the Volodga Region, Russia, based on the authors' collections and those of their colleagues, as well as the literature. The paper presents the first published checklist for the region and includes 84 species from 42 genera and 22 families. Three species are reported for the first time for the region: Conocephalum salebrosum Szweykowski et al., Scapania subalpina (Nees ex Lindenb.) Dumort., and Trichocolea tomentella (Ehrh.) Dumort.
