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Photographs of flowers of Petitiocodon parviflora and of presumed and genuine relatives. a. Flowering branch of Petitiocodon parviflora; b. front view of flower of Petitiocodon parviflora; c. flowering branch of Didymosalpinx norae (tentatively included in tribe Octotropideae); d. front view of flower of Didymosalpinx norae; e. flowering node of Tricalysia cryptocalyx Baker (tribe Coffeeae); f. flower of Feretia aeruginescens Stapf (tribe Octotropideae); g. flowering node of Polysphaeria parvifolia Hiern (tribe Octotropideae); h. flowering node of Kraussia floribunda Harv. (tribe Octotropideae). Photos: a, b by S. Dessein; c, d, f-h by F. Van Caekenberghe; e by P. De Block.
Source publication
A first phylogenetic placement of Petitiocodon based on molecular sequence data from three plastid regions (accD-psa1, rpl16 and trnL-F) is presented, in conjunction with a reassessment of morphology for the genus. Our results do not support an evolutionary affinity between Petitiocodon and Tricalysia (Coffeeae) as suggested by previous studies, bu...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... by Keay (1958) in his treatment of west African Gardenia Ellis and Randia L. He placed this taxon within the newly erected genus Didymosalpinx Keay, along with four other species previously recognized in Gardenia. These five species were united by the presence of axillary inflorescences paired at the nodes and large, funnel-shaped corollas (Fig. ...
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... paired axillary inflorescences of P. parviflora are placed 3-6 mm above the node and are thus supra-axillary (Fig. 1a). The flowers are hermaphrodite and 5-merous, and the corolla lobes in bud (i.e. aestivation) are contorted to the left (Fig. 1a, b). The corolla has a rather thick, waxy texture, and the inside of the corolla tube is finely Figures in single parentheses = rarely; figures in double parentheses = very ...
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... paired axillary inflorescences of P. parviflora are placed 3-6 mm above the node and are thus supra-axillary (Fig. 1a). The flowers are hermaphrodite and 5-merous, and the corolla lobes in bud (i.e. aestivation) are contorted to the left (Fig. 1a, b). The corolla has a rather thick, waxy texture, and the inside of the corolla tube is finely Figures in single parentheses = rarely; figures in double parentheses = very ...
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... the entire radial wall. For a more detailed review of the differing exotestal types in these taxa, consult Robbrecht & Puff (1986 pubescent over its entire surface apart from a glabrous area about 2 mm from the base. The style is spindle-shaped, 10-ridged (where the anthers sit in 5 by 2 anther thecae, when the flower is in bud), and glabrous (Fig. 1b). The stigmatic lobes are adnate for most of their length and only the tips separate in mature styles (before maturity the tips are adnate). The stigmatic lobes are fused for 1/3 to 3/5 of their entire length, with two longitudinal grooves covered with papillae where they adjoin. The style and anther morphology strongly suggests ...
Citations
... The tribe Octotropideae (Rubiaceae) is characterised by having a combination of the following characters; articulated petiole (except Flagenium Baill.), axillary or supra-axillary inflorescences paired at node, hermaphroditic (rarely unisexual) flowers, corolla lobes contorted to the left, 2-locular ovary, fruit drupe-like berries, seeds pendulous and imbricate, mostly with axile placentation (except for Villaria Rolfe with parietal placentation), imbricate, embryo radicle directed upwards and fibrous seed coat consisting of linear cells (Robbrecht 1980;Ruhsam & Davis 2007;Tosh et al. 2008;Arriola & Alejandro 2020 Morindopsis is a genus which thrives in the thickets of tropical India and Indochina and is characterised by having, unisexual, small (<1 cm) tetramerous flowers, fruits with a fleshy mesocarp and a membranous endocarp, seeds ± winged, with a wrinkled seed-coat, exotestal cells with thickenings along the outer tangential wall and in the angle of the radial and inner tangential wall (Robbrecht & Puff 1986). Puff et al. (2005) studied living material and provided a detailed description and good photographic material, stressing the inflorescences with a long peduncle in a supra-axillary position as a generic character. ...
During the most recent floristic surveys in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, an interesting species
of Rubiaceae was collected with features allied to representatives of the tribe Octotropideae. Initial identification
showed that our material is characterised by having an inflorescence that is subtended by large boat-shaped floral
bracts, a character that is unique to the genus Morindopsis. Interestingly, the genus is currently represented only
by M. capillaris and after meticulous observation of our material and careful comparison with available herbarium
sheets and the protologue, we found that our taxon showed a great disparity in various vegetative and reproductive
features with M. capillaris. Thus we describe and illustrate a new species here — Morindopsis ashihoi, the second
known species for the genus and a new record for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
... The West African Petitiocodon Robbr. was recently placed in Octotropideae (Tosh & al., 2008), and this placement is supported by our results. The East African Lamprothamnus Hiern was here sequenced for the first time and fell in the Octotropideae, a phylogenetic position corroborating its placement by Robbrecht (1980). ...
In this study we investigate the large and diverse Rubiaceae-Gardenieae and closely related tribes Bertiereae, Coffeeae, Cremasporeae, Octotropideae, and Pavetteae. Some of the tribes or groups have been shown to be monophyletic and strongly supported, but the phylogeny of this large complex is still far from being satisfactorily elucidated particularly for Gardenieae, both in terms of intertribal relationships as well as tribal delimitations. We reconstruct the phylogeny of the complex using an extensive sampling of 108 genera and five plastid DNA regions. Phylogenetic relationships demonstrate that Gardenieae sensu Andreasen & Bremer is polyphyletic, as Burchellia, Didymosalpinx, Monosalpinx, and Mantalania are closer to Octotropideae-
Cremasporeae. In addition, Pavetteae and the investigated members of Aulacocalyceae are nested in a supported but partially unresolved Gardenieae-Pavetteae clade. Within this clade, several strongly supported groups are resolved: an Aidia group, an Alibertia group, a Gardenia group, Pavetteae including Pelagodendron, a Porterandia group, a Randia group, a Rothmannia group (including Aulacocalyx and Heinsenia), a Sherbournia group, and the two isolated genera Massularia and Schumanniophyton. The latter genus presented a high rate of genetic substitutions, which resulted in perturbations of the phylogenetic reconstruction. A revised tribal circumscription is given for Gardenieae, the Alibertia group is recognized at tribal level as an emended Cordiereae, and a new tribe, Sherbournieae, is described to accommodate the members of the Sherbournia group.
... Based on morphological and molecular data, Canephora Juss. (De Jussieu 1789) belongs to the poorly known, paleotropical tribe Octotropideae, previously known as Hypobathreae (Robbrecht 1980, Robbrecht & Puff 1986, Robbrecht 1988, Robbrecht et al. 1991, Tosh et al. 2008 in subfamily Ixoroideae (Bremer & Eriksson 2009) or Cinchonoideae (Robbrecht & Manen 2006) (fig. 1). ...
... Canephora madagascariensis differs somewhat in that the ovules are partly embedded in the placenta. However, embedded ovules are also present in Petitiocodon (Tosh et al. 2008). ...
Background and aims - Ontogenetic studies provide valuable morphological characters to aid interpretation of evolutionary scenarios. But they are rare within the Rubiaceae and the variation in floral ontogenetic patterns in the different Rubiaceae lineages remains underexplored. Here, we provide the first developmental study of the reproductive organs of Canephora madagascariensis, a typical representative of the poorly known tribe Octotropideae in most of its characters except for its unique, flattened, assimilating, 'phylloclade-like' inflorescences. Methods - Using SEM and LM we produced a developmental study of inflorescence, flower and fruit in C. madagascariensis. Key results - The inflorescence of Canephora madagascariensis is a condensed dichasium. Peduncle, first-order bracts and first-order branches together form a flattened, green, phylloclade-like structure, showing both leaf and stem characters. Initially, the dome-shaped floral apex becomes concave and sepals are formed. Next, from the collar of the concave apex, a tubular corolla with epipetalous stamens grows out. Meanwhile, an inferior bilocular ovary is formed. Per locule, up to seven unitegmie ovules are formed on a U-shaped placenta. Fruits are drupes with one to several fibrous seeds with folded exotesta. Conclusions - The double-organ identity of the green, flattened part of the inflorescence is due to a modification leading to leaf analogy. The peculiar inflorescence of C. madagascariensis constitutes just another state of the character 'axillary inflorescence' in Rubiaceae. It results from both reduction and congestion, two trends typical in Rubiaceae inflorescences. Floral cups form the basis of the floral structure in Canephora. The inferior ovary is due to the initial formation of a hypanthium, from which calyx lobes, stamen-corolla tube, corolla tube sensu stricto and calyx tube originate through successive outgrowth of underlaying annular intercalary meristems.
... A close relationship between Cremaspora Benth. and Octotropideae is consistent in several recent phylogenetic studies (Andreasen and Bremer 2000;Persson 2000; Robbrecht and Manen 2006;Davis et al. 2007;Tosh et al. 2008;Bremer and Eriksson 2009), but the base of the clade they form is usually not resolved and supported. The circumscription of Octotropideae is consequently not clearly settled. ...
... & Beille (Beille 1939;Stone and Davis 2004), followed by African Petitiocodon Robbr. (Tosh et al. 2008), Polysphaeria Hook.f. (Verdcourt 1988), Pouchetia A. Rich ex DC. (Robbrecht et al. 1991); Mascarene Ramosmania Tirveng. ...
... The usually paired inflorescences are not always axillary, occasionally occurring slightly above the node (supraaxillary), similar to other reported Octotropideae (e.g. Robbrecht et al. 1993;Tosh et al. 2008). Inflorescences are variable and constitute either simple or compound dichasial cymes (V. ...
The little known Rubiaceae genus Villaria is endemic mostly to the coastal forests of the Philippines. Traditionally, it has been placed in the tribe Gardenieae. Later
it was transferred to Octotropideae sensu Robbrecht and Puff. Villaria was placed among the “primitive” genera of the tribe, which are essentially characterized by large fruits, horizontal ovules
and numerous seeds. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of the combined plastid (rps16 and trnT-F) dataset strongly support the inclusion of Villaria in Octotropideae as well as monophyly of the genus. However, our molecular results do not conform to the current informal
groups of the tribe delimited by fruit size, ovule position, number of seeds and exotesta thickenings. Instead, a close relationship
between Villaria and two “central genera” (Hypobathrum and Pouchetia) is revealed for the first time. This clade is sister to a group comprising “primitive” (Fernelia), “advanced” (Kraussia and Polysphaeria) and “central” (Feretia) representatives. In addition, our combined tree strongly supports a sister taxa relationship between Canephora and Paragenipa. Villaria is characterized by unilocular ovaries, parietal placentation and strictly horizontal ovules. These features are unique within
the Octotropideae. We recognize a total of five Villaria species, one new species (V. leytensis) is described here, and two species (V. philippinensis and V. rolfei) are transferred into synonymy with V. odorata. Each species is fully described, and a key to the species, a distribution map and illustrations are provided.
KeywordsIxoroideae–Octotropideae–Philippines–
rps16 intron–Rubiaceae–
trnT-F region–
Villaria
... In order to get a first indication on the systematic affinity of this genus, we produced and analysed a nrITS sequence and the preliminary results indicated that Neohymenopogon parasiticus belongs in Rubioideae, Rubiaceae, probably in the Spermacoceae alliance (further described below). Several recent phylogenetic studies of Rubiaceae have investigated enigmatic taxa whose systematic positions have been unknown or controversial, e.g., Kelloggia (Nie & al., 2005), Rhopalobrachium (Mouly & al., 2007 ), Dunnia (), Schizocolea (), Petitiocodon (Tosh & al., 2008) and Acranthera (Rydin & al., 2009). Another Several recent phylogenetic studies of Rubiaceae have dealt with enigmatic taxa whose systematic positions have been previously unknown or controversial. ...
Several recent phylogenetic studies of Rubiaceae have dealt with enigmatic taxa whose systematic positions have been previously unknown or controversial. We address evolutionary relationships in the Spermacoceae alliance (Rubioideae) with special emphasis on the Asian genera Mouretia and Neohymenopogon, here sequenced for the first time. Both genera belong in the tribe Argostemmateae and have persistent calyx lobes on the fruit in common with Argostemma and Mycetia. Other previous uncertainties are resolved with strong support; Saprosma is sister to Paederieae s. str. and Carpacoce is sister to remaining Anthospermeae. Our results further reveal some phylogenetic problems. Danaideae is sister to remaining taxa in the Spermacoceae alliance with high posterior probability, which contradicts results in a recent study. The uncertainty concerning evolutionary relationships of Dunnia and Theligonum is reinforced, despite a denser taxon sampling in the Spermacoceae alliance compared with earlier studies. We also demonstrate yet another example of the controversial correlation between molecular substitution rate and plant life history.
... Several recent phylogenetic studies of Rubiaceae have investigated enigmatic taxa whose systematic positions have been unknown or controversial, e.g., Kelloggia (Nie & al., 2005), Rhopalobrachium (Mouly & al., 2007), Dunnia , Schizocolea , Petitiocodon (Tosh & al., 2008) and Acranthera (Rydin & al., 2009). Another Several recent phylogenetic studies of Rubiaceae have dealt with enigmatic taxa whose systematic positions have been previously unknown or controversial. ...
Several recent phylogenetic studies of Rubiaceae have dealt with enigmatic taxa whose systematic positions have been previously unknown or controversial. We address evolutionary relationships in the Spermacoceae alliance (Rubioideae) with special emphasis on the Asian genera Mouretia and Neohymenopogon, here sequenced for the first time. Both genera belong in the tribe Argostemmateae and have persistent calyx lobes on the fruit in common with Argostemma and Mycetia. Other previous uncertainties are resolved with strong support; Saprosma is sister to Paederieae s. str. and Carpacoce is sister to remaining Anthospermeae. Our results further reveal some phylogenetic problems. Danaideae is sister to remaining taxa in the Spermacoceae alliance with high posterior probability, which contradicts results in a recent study. The uncertainty concerning evolutionary relationships of Dunnia and Theligonum is reinforced, despite a denser taxon sampling in the Spermacoceae alliance compared with earlier studies. We also demonstrate yet another example of the controversial correlation between molecular substitution rate and plant life history.
The use of molecular data in phylogenetic reconstruction during more than three decades has greatly improved our understanding of the macroevolutionary history of the coffee family (Rubiaceae) and has provided a solid basis for improvement of its classification. Based on the results of 130 studies, among them most recent phylogenomic works, we present a consensus phylogeny and a robust classification of Rubiaceae that shed light on the evolutionary success of this highly diverse angiosperm family and can serve as a framework for ecological and evolutionary studies. There are more than 14,000 species and about 580 accepted genera of Rubiaceae that are assigned to 71 tribes, of which 68 are classified in two subfamilies (Dialypetalanthoideae with 38 tribes and Rubioideae with 30 tribes). Three tribes (Acranthereae, Coptosapelteae, Luculieae) remain unclassified as to subfamily. Sixty‐three of these 71 tribes are assigned to nine informal alliances (four in Rubioideae and five in Dialypetalanthoideae). These tribes are listed in alphabetical order within their respective alliances. Five tribes, one (Coussareeae) in Rubioideae and four (Airospermeae, Jackieae, Retiniphylleae, Steenisieae) in Dialypetalanthoideae, are excluded from these alliances due to unclear or conflicting phylogenetic positions. Thirty‐six tribes retain their tribal status but receive new generic limits to remedy their previous para‐ or polyphyletic nature. Twenty‐nine tribes not implemented in previous classifications have been added, of which three (Chioneae, Glionnetieae, Temnopterygeae) are newly described here. Basic information on phylogenies, distributions, former classifications, and useful references to previous works are provided for all accepted tribes, and future perspectives are discussed.
As a precursor to the revision of the genus Canephora Juss., new and distinguishing generic characters are given, and a table of characters for the known species is included. Two new species from montane areas in northern Madagascar are described and illustrated: C. ambrensis S. E. Dawson, from Montagne d’Ambre and C. gyrobracteata S. E. Dawson from the Marojejy Massif.
A new species of Chapelieria was discovered during a recent field trip to the Masoala National Park in eastern Madagascar, and is described here as Chapelieria
magna Kainul., sp. nov. This species is readily distinguishable from previously described species of the genus by its quadrangular shoots, triangular-calyptrate stipules, sessile leaves, pubescent styles, and ridged fruits. It also differs in the larger number of ovules and the much larger size of leaves and fruits.
Chapelieria is a genus endemic to Madagascar, currently comprising a single species: C. madagascariensis. In this contribution two new species of Chapelieria are described as new to science: C. septentrionalis and C. multiflora. An emended circumscription, description and line drawing are provided for C. madagascariensis. A full description, notes (distribution, habitat and ecology, phenology), a distribution map and conservation assessment are provided for each of the three species. An updated generic description and a species identification key are also given.
