Fig 4 - uploaded by Manuel Fernandez-Gotz
Content may be subject to copyright.
Photograph from 1937 showing a small shelter built of stone and wood and covered with turf, probably on the western side of Monte Bernorio, in the second defensive lines. Both the type of shelter and the poster with a humorous tone recall similar structures built by soldiers in the First World War. At the bottom there is a line of cables, probably telephone lines (photo ceded by W. Román).
Source publication
The archaeology of the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) has experienced an important development over the last two decades. Several field projects have studied aspects such as mass graves, forced labor camps, and battlefields. In this paper, we present a case study from the so-called “Northern Front” (Frente Norte). The impressive mountain of Monte Bern...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... each end of the first line of trenches were the "service trench" lines. These connected to a "second line of trenches" for the rear defense of the position. On the western side it is still possible to make out the remains of this intricate line of trenches with a large number of shelters and small refuges (the so-called "chabolos" or "chamizos") (Fig. ...
Similar publications
Invisible Women at War in the West: An Archaeology of the Australian Women's Army Service Camp, Wallaibup (Bibra Lake), Western Australia, c. 1943-1945This chapter details the archaeological, archival and oral histories that bear witness to the lives and activities of the Australian Women's Army Servive (AWAS) personell while stationed atWalliabup...
Citations
... Its location is strategic, controlling a network of natural communication routes that includes the main south-north connection between the Meseta and the Cantabrian Sea. This geographical position explains its military importance during the Roman conquest in the late 1st century B.C. and the Spanish Civil War in the 20th century Torres-Martínez et al. 2021). ...
The scarcity of burial remains in large parts of Iron Age Europe, particularly in the Atlantic regions, has often led scholars to discuss the apparent “invisibility” of graves. This paper presents the results from several excavation campaigns at Monte Bernorio, one of the most important sites of the 1st millennium B.C. on the Iberian Peninsula. The fieldwork and post-excavation work carried out in the area of the necropolis have identified numerous burial pits, with complex ritual activities characterized by fragmentation and the practice of the pars pro toto. In addition, evidence for later rituals in some of the graves can be linked to ancestor worship. The results provide important insights into funerary practices in Late Iron Age Europe, leading us to rethink the very meaning of cemeteries in the study area and beyond.
In this paper, we describe the development and state of archaeological surface survey in the Mediterranean. We focus especially on surface survey as a means of documenting long-term settlement patterns at various scales, as an approach to the archaeology of regions, and as a pathway to the interpretation of past landscapes. Over the last decades, the literature on Mediterranean survey has increasingly emphasized a distinct set of practices, viewed both favorably and critically by regional archaeologists in the Mediterranean and elsewhere. We show that Mediterranean survey in fact comprises several discrete regional traditions. In general, these traditions have much to offer to wider dialogs in world archaeology, particularly concerning sampling and research design, the interpretation of surface assemblages, and the integration of complex, multidisciplinary datasets. More specifically, survey investigations of Mediterranean landscapes provide comparative data and potential research strategies of relevance to many issues of global significance, including human ecology, demography, urban–rural dynamics, and various types of polity formation, colonialism, and imperialism.
A lo largo de las dos décadas de este siglo, la investigación en arqueología ha sido objeto de una profunda transformación conceptual e instrumental derivada de la generalización de numerosos programas y recursos digitales. Las aplicaciones digitales han permitido el desarrollo de enfoques pluridisciplinares, su correcta combinación y la proyección de sus resultados en un entorno atractivo y fácilmente entendible. Este libro nace del coloquio Scanning the hidden. LiDAR and 3D technologies applied to architecture research in the archaeology of Metal Ages. Un primer bloque de artículos se enfoca al estudio y la investigación de las estructuras construidas, ya defensivas, como las murallas, o domésticas, como las casas, de poblados de la Edad del Hierro en la península ibérica. La aplicación de diferentes técnicas y recursos digitales (SIG, imágenes por con-trol remoto, escaneos en 3D, etc.) han permitido obtener información novedosa y de calidad que, solo hace unos años, habría sido inconcebible desde los parámetros tradicionales de la investigación. El segundo bloque de estudios se orienta hacia la arqueotopografía, auxiliada mediante ortofotos y datos LiDAR. Un tercer bloque de aportaciones se centra en el estudio arqueométrico de los materiales usados en la construcción de estos edificios. El último bloque de aportaciones gira en torno a la musealización de estos vestigios desde la óptica virtual. La museología virtual, como la arqueología virtual, no pueden ser una alternativa a la presencia, sino que son y deben ser un complemento que ayude y estimule tanto la investigación como el turismo cultural real.
Desde el año 2014, el Proyecto «Monte Bernorio en su entorno» incorporó la fotogrametría y la reconstrucción 3D a los trabajos arqueológicos realizados en el yacimiento de Monte Bernorio. Gracias al trabajo combinado de fotogrametría en las excavaciones arqueológicas, prospección visual, prospección con fotografía aérea a baja cota, datos LiDAR y fotogrametría desde dron ha sido posible conocer la estructura defensiva del oppidum de un modo completamente novedoso. A partir de estos métodos, se ha desarrollado una restitución virtual de los restos arqueológicos, de forma mucho más fiable que las estimaciones intuitivas previas. En el presente capítulo se abordan los problemas encontrados, las soluciones aplicadas y las actuaciones realizadas en los trabajos de restitución virtual de los sistemas defensivos del oppidum.
