Figure - uploaded by Rodrigue Idohou
Content may be subject to copyright.
Photo 4. Tree of Diospyros mespiliformis collected in the Lama Forest reserve. Photo S. Agbahoungba.
Source publication
Understanding interactions between forest and the adjacent people is crucial for participative management of forest resources. In order to determine the ecological diversity and the conservation strategies of wild edible fruit tree species (WEFT species) in protected areas, this study was conducted in the Lama Forest Reserve in southern Benin. An i...
Citations
... Globally, fruit trees are of enormous economic importance. In many places (Ercişli et al, 2009;Otieno, 2017), the wild relatives of fruit trees (WRFT) remain essential sources of food and medicines (Symphorien et al, 2016) but also provide feed for domestic animals and food additives. They also play a crucial role in maintaining ecological diversity (Musayev and Huseynova, 2016). ...
... They are also an essential source of genetic diversity for breeding new, higher-yielding, climate change-tolerant varieties. Despite their high value for food and agriculture (Maxted and Kell, 2009;Musayev and Huseynova, 2016;Symphorien et al, 2016;Ercişli and Sagbas, 2017;Vincent et al, 2019;Zhebentyayeva et al, 2019;Engels and Thormann, 2020;Ugur and Gündeşli, 2020), WRFT have been almost entirely neglected in both ex situ and in situ conservation programmes. As they are likely to be locally adapted and genetically distinctive, WRFT can provide vital novel variation for domesticated fruit species to help meet the challenge of increasingly stressful environments and climatic changes. ...
Wild relatives of fruit trees (WRFT) are highly valued for food and tradable products by rural communities, especially in low-income countries and as such are a vital resource for tree improvement. During periods of conflict, a lack of support and protection by national authorities may make WRFT vulnerable. In Syria, WRFT are at risk of extinction due to the ongoing crisis, which has limited efforts to conserve and propagate these unique genetic resources. We collected information about the current status and key threats to WRFT in northwest Syria from 50 agricultural experts using structured interviews. Our results show that many sites have experienced erosion, overgrazing and drought. To initiate in situ and ex situ conservation, the locations of WRFT exposed to deterioration were identified and mapped using GPS, and seeds from five genotypes per species were collected from each of ten species to be used for the establishment of an in situ and ex situ WRFT collection.
... Magnoliopsida, order Ebenales/Ericales and to the family In national languages, Mimusops andongensis Hiern Sapotaceae. Mimusops andongensis Hiern is a Wild is called bohê [10] or afoutin in Fon [11] and égui ochéé Edible Fruit Tree (WFET) listed among food and medicinal in Holli [10], for others in Fon it is called kinwi and in populations [1][2][3][4]. This predisposes it to a potential threat. ...
... Mimusops andongensis has high longitudinal moduli of kg.m [29]. The infra-density of Mimusops andongensis elasticity in bending and compression as predicted by its 3 is largely above those of Acacia auriculiformis which has density. Its shear modulus is moderately high. ...
... to the reference of Gerard et al. [27,32], the high modulus 3 According to wood construction professionals, some wood of Mimusops andongensis is in the range of Tali wood species are very appreciating in heavy wood which has a longitudinal modulus of elasticity of 19, construction, especially in contact with the ground or 490 MPa [32] and wood species of Anogeissus leiocarpus, water. Among these species, there are Diospyros Diospyros mespiliformis, Cylicodiscus gabunensis, mespiliformis (African Ebony), Anogeissus leiocarpus, Manilkara spp (Table 2). ...
Wood is a multifunctional anisotropic biomaterial. It is used in various fields, including the craft industry and the construction of structural works. In heavy construction or in wetlands, species with high technological characteristics are sought after. Mimusops andongensis is a species empirically identified as having good technological properties. However, none of these reference characteristics are known. Thus, to fill this gap, we tested 500 mm × 20 mm × 20 mm prismatic specimens of Mimusops andongensis wood using CIRAD-Forest's acoustic BING (Beam Identification by Non-destructive Grading) method to determine density , Young's modulus E and shear modulus G, internal friction tan and then evaluated the specific stiffness modulus E/. On other 20 mm side cubic specimens, we evaluated the physical properties. From this investigation, Mimusops andongensis timber is a heavy to very heavy timber with high modulus. Its volume shrinkage is moderate with low tangential and medium radial shrinkage. Its low shrinkage anisotropy predicts low distortional and splitting deformation. Its specific stiffness is high on the order of (18 ± 1) GPa for a low internal friction of (0.64 ± 0.15) × 10. In a humid environment, the loss of mechanical properties, by increasing 2 its moisture content, even by 20 %, leaves Mimusops andongensis timber in the range of woods with very appreciable properties. Referring to the highly valued species, it can be used in works both in structure and acoustics.
... For example, fruit-bearing palms are important multifunctional species in the Amazon, used in construction of walls and roofs, making of beverages and bags, and breeding of edible insects [58], while Ficus spp. are important WEF species in Asia [59], Europe [60], and Africa [61]. In Africa, Adansonia digitate L. [41,62,63], Berchemia discolor Hemsl., Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ...
... This reiterates the need for generation and dissemination of knowledge (Section 3.2.3) of WEFs and other wild edible plants to encourage food security through sustainable use [79,181,183,187]. Such knowledge is key to identifying target areas and species for commercialization, as well as conservation, and informing resource governance and policy [61]. Lastly, research can aid development of innovative value-added products [193,194], supply chains [196,198], and optimal production systems to promote sustainable use and trade of WEFs. ...
Wild edible fruits (WEFs) are among the most widely used non-timber forest products (NTFPs), and important sources of nutrition, medicine, and income for their users. In addition to their use as food, WEF species may also yield fiber, fuel, and a range of processed products. Besides forests, WEF species also thrive in diverse environments, such as agroforestry and urban landscapes, deserts, fallows, natural lands, and plantations. Given the multifunctional, ubiquitous nature of WEFs, we conducted a systematic review on the literature specific to WEFs and highlighted links between different domains of the wider knowledge on NTFPs. We found that literature specific to WEFs was limited, and a majority of it reported ethnobotanical and taxonomic descriptions, with relatively few studies on landscape ecology, economics, and conservation of WEFs. Our review identifies priorities and emerging avenues for research and policymaking to promote sustainable WEF management and use, and subsequent biodiversity and habitat conservation. In particular, we recommend that ecosystem services, economic incentives, market innovations, and stakeholder synergies are incorporated into WEF conservation strategies.
... Le fruit était le principal organe consommé et commercialisé. Le plus grand nombre d'organes commercialisés était enregistré chez Elaeis guineensis (4 organes) et Borassus aethiopium (3). Ces produits, souvent collectés et vendus par les femmes et les enfants, provenaient des villages et transitaient dans les marchés par le biais des « bana ...
... The WEFT species' distribution maps generated in this study, revealed that WEFT species D. guineense, D. mespiliformis, L. cupanioides, and M. andogensis were present in all the plots demarcated in the different vegetation types and were randomly distributed in the different vegetation types; hence, less vulnerable to threats while F. capensis, D. floribunda, P. santalinoides, P. guajava, P. bijuga, and S. mombin were recorded in few number of plots suggesting that they are the most vulnerable to threats (over collection of fruits, selective cutting for construction and technology, fuel wood collection and uncontrolled fire setting). In addition, F. capensis, D. floribunda, S. mombin, and P. guajava were concentrated at the periphery of the LFR and need a strict protection acts from the policy makers to avoid their extinction in the reserve by the riparian population since these species are mostly appreciated by the population because of their easy access and good organoleptic qualities (Agbahoungba et al., 2016). Therefore, the following strategy and action plan for the conservation and sustainable utilization of the WEFT species will improve and enhance the conservation of these species: (1) Proper mechanism for the harvesting of the fruits need to be developed. ...
Wild-edible fruits tree (WEFT) species constitute an important source of nutrients but nowadays, these resources are concentrated in the protected areas. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity and distribution pattern of WEFT species in the Lama Forest Reserve in Benin, to provide basics for designing appropriate conservation strategies. An inventory of WEFT species was carried out in 53 square plots demarcated in the four vegetation types of the reserve. Shannon (H), Pielou (E), Green (GI) indices, and the actual distribution maps of the species were generated. The results revealed 10 WEFT species within the dense forests and young fallow having nine species, while the old fallow had seven species. The diversity indices showed that the reserve had low floristic diversity (H = 2.41
and E = 0.73) in WEFT species. Dialium guineense, Ficus capensis, Mimusops andongensis, and Pancovia bijuga, in the young fallow, Lecaniodiscus cupanioides, and Psidium guajava in the degraded dense forest and L. cupanioides, and P. bijuga in old
fallow exhibited an aggregative distribution (GI > 1), suggesting that more effort need to be put on their conservation in these vegetation types. The maps generated in this study can later be used as reference to carry out gap analyses.
Monoculture plantations such as Musang King durian farms on a big scale become a controversial issue due to its potential devastating impact to the diversity of forest reserves at some areas in Kedah including Gunung Inas Forest Reserve. This study intended to determine the floristic composition and species diversity at Gunung Inas Forest Reserve (GIFR), Kedah. Three plots of 70 m x 25 m covering 0.53 ha were established at GIFR. Each tree with diameter at breast height of 5 cm and above in the study plots were tagged, measured and identified up to species level. Voucher specimens were then taken for further identification purposes. The floristic composition of GIFR consists of 53 individuals represented by 16 species from 12 families. Anacardiaceae was the most speciose family with four species recorded. The most dominant species was Swintonia schwenkii (Anacardiaceae) with 14 tree individuals. S. schwenkii (Anacardiaceae) was considered to have an absolute dominance at the study site with Important Value Index (IVi) of 12.48%, meanwhile Myrtaceae recorded 20.87% of IVi, reflecting this family to be relatively dominant than other families. GIFR recorded moderate Shannon-Weiner Diversity index of H’ = 2.66 (H’max = 2.77) and Margalef’s Richness Index of D MG = 8.7. High Evenness Index of 0.71 portrayed that the tree species are almost equally abundant at the study area. The total tree biomass in the GIFR was estimated at 76.26 t/ha, contributed by 66.04 t/ha of above ground biomass and 10.22 t/ha below ground biomass. Data and information from this study can serve as a guideline for future ecological research and particularly in planning conservation efforts to ensure the biodiversity and sustainability of forests for future generations.
Abstract
The genus Pancovia comprises economically important plants native to Africa. Here, a systematic study was carried out on six species of Pancovia with a view to elucidate the significance of their characters for identification purposes. Morphological and leaf epidermis characters of the plants were assessed based on herbarium specimens. Useful diagnostic morphological features observed include leaf size, inflorescence length and fruit size. Variations also exist in the leaf epidermis characters examined. Polygonal cells and straight anticlinal wall were observed on the adaxial surface while the abaxial comprises irregular cells with undulate walls; exception is seen in P. atroviolaceus and P. harmsiana where the cells are irregular on both surfaces. The frequency of epidermal cells was higher on the adaxial compared to the abaxial surface and there is wide variation in the number of stomata recorded in each species. Stomata are anomocytic, sunken or raised with characteristic staining subsidiary cells and are restricted to the abaxial surface of the leaf. Based on the observed characters, a description of taxa studied and a dichotomous key is presented for their identification. This study can be seen as a contribution to the systematic literature available for the delimitation of Pancovia species in Africa.
