8 Phase of the particles relative to the RF phase in a cyclotron with planar pole faces

8 Phase of the particles relative to the RF phase in a cyclotron with planar pole faces

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In 1895, Henri Becquerel discovered that some uranium salts emit penetrating radiation that can be made visible with ordinary photographic emulsions. This discovery was the beginning of nuclear science. Today we know that most natural radioactivity is due to a few very long-lived unstable isotopes that were formed 4.5 × 109 years ago. At that time...

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