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The term ‘co-production’ has been used in various fields, including planning, as collaborative forms of public goods and service delivery gain significance. Co-production has two sides—the ‘co’ side refers to actors and their motivations, while the ‘production’ side refers to phases and instruments. This paper examines privately owned public space/...
Citations
... However, the inherent tension between public and private interests in POSPDs presents significant challenges. Critics argue that these spaces are frequently over-controlled, exclusive, and environmentally privileged, raising spatial justice concerns Lee, 2020;N emeth, & Schmidt, 2007;Yoon and Srinivasan, 2015;. Moreover, the commercialisation of POSPDs may erode the quality of the broader public realm (Carmona, 2010). ...
Public space is increasingly provided and managed by a variety of actors. In order to describe this phenomenon, several concepts have been used, such as co-production, co-creation and co-design. This paper reviews the existing literature on public space and reveals that these concepts are defined similarly and used interchangeably. Based on a systematic literature review, and aided by bibliometric analysis, the paper attempts to establish transparency regarding current understanding and use of the concepts. By discussing the differences, the paper aims to reduce the ambiguity and increase the clarity of the concepts. The paper concludes by suggesting in which case it would be more appropriate to use which concept.