FIGURE 4 - uploaded by Fredrik B Thorén
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Phagocyte activation as an immunoevasive strategy. In malignant and infected tissues, phagocytes are recruited with ensuing production of oxygen radicals. The release of oxygen radicals from phagocytes inactivates NK cells and other cytotoxic lymphocytes, enabling survival of malignant or virus-infected cells (adapted from 298).
Source publication
Reactive oxygen species (oxidants, oxygen radicals) produced by the phagocytic NADPH oxidase have pivotal roles in immunity. Patients lacking a functional NADPH oxidase suffer from chronic granulomatous disease, which is characterized by recurring bacterial infections and thus manifesting the importance of reactive oxygen species in host defense ag...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... reports are bolstered by several in vitro-studies showing that phagocytes inhibit lymphocyte effector functions and induce cell death (17,(247)(248)(249)(250), and that these suppressive effects are reversed by blocking oxygen radical production (248-250), or by adding oxidant scavengers (17, 251). Reflecting the importance of radicals in immune escape, several pathogens encode structures that are capable of recruiting phagocytes and of triggering oxygen radical production in these cells (252)(253)(254)(255)(256). These structures thus enable microorganisms to incapacitate and induce cell death in cytotoxic lymphocytes (Figure 4). Furthermore, in this way microorganisms may exploit a host feedback mechanism that limits excessive inflammatory responses: In the presence of apoptotic cells with externalized phosphatidylserine, a functional shift is triggered in macrophages, resulting in release of anti-inflammatory cytokines and resolution of inflammation (21,22,257). ...
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