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Percentage of observed alterations in the cell cycle of meristematic cells from the tip of the Lactuca sativa root exposed to (a) ethanolic extract and (b) aqueous extract from Psidium cattleyanum leaves. The small letters above the bars indicate significant differences between the treatments by the Tukey test (p<0.05). MI = mitotic index; CA = chromosomal alterations; NA = nuclear alterations, MNC = micronuclei.
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The search for more environmental friendly herbicides, aiming at the control of agricultural pests, combinated with less harmfulness to human health and the environment has grown. An alternative used by researchers is the application of products of secondary plant metabolism, which are investigated due to their potential bioactivities. Thus, specie...
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... mitotic index (MI) of all evaluated treatments, suffered a significant reduction, less than 50%, when compared to the C- (Figure 3). According Fiskesjö (1985), an effectively cytotoxic agent has MI inhibition greater than 50%, as is the case with the C+ used in the study, which showed a 73.7% reduction when compared to C- (Figure 3). ...
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... mitotic index (MI) of all evaluated treatments, suffered a significant reduction, less than 50%, when compared to the C- (Figure 3). According Fiskesjö (1985), an effectively cytotoxic agent has MI inhibition greater than 50%, as is the case with the C+ used in the study, which showed a 73.7% reduction when compared to C- (Figure 3). ...
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... most inducing treatment for chromosomal alterations (CA) was C+, although all other treatments promoted more CA than C- (Figure 3), showing that the treatments are less toxic to chromosomes/DNA than glyphosate. This result is important, since, it is sought, compounds with high biological activity and that promote lesser impacts to the environment ( Pinheiro et al., 2015;Aragão et al., 2015;Alves et al., 2018;Aragão et al., 2017). ...
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... treatments with aqueous extract did not promote an increase in nuclear alterations (NA), with the opposite being observed with the ethanolic extract (Figure 3). NA are those that alter the cell nucleus of the cell metabolically or morphologically or are also related to the appearance of DNA in a compartmentalized way, as if new nuclei were being formed, as is the case of micronuclei ( Alves et al., 2018;Aragão et al., 2015;Santos et al., 2019;Andrade- Vieira et al., 2011). ...
Citations
... The higher sensitivity of roots is widely reported in the literature (Nakamura et al., 2021;Ogunsanya et al., 2022;Pinto et al., 2023). According to Alves et al. (2022), this is due to the direct contact of the roots with the extracts, exposing them to high concentrations of phytochemical compounds. ...
In order to enhance the chemical and biological understanding of the genus Erythrina, this study evaluated the chemical composition, phytotoxicity, and antioxidant potential of the hexane (Hex), dichloromethane (DCM), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) phases from the methanolic extract of E. speciosaleaves. The DCM and EtOAc phases exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with DPPH radical reduction percentages exceeding 90%. Phytotoxicity tests revealed the phytotoxic potential of the DCM and EtOAc phases, inhibiting the growth of L. sativa seedlings by more than 40% and 30%, respectively, at concentrations of 1000 ppm and 500 ppm. Phytochemical analysis revealed a high total phenolic content in the DCM and EtOAc phases, where flavonoids such as apigenin, abyssinone II, wighteone, sigmoidin I, orientanol E, vitexin, and quercitrin were detected through techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). These compounds may be associated with the observed antioxidant potential and the inhibitory effects observed on L. sativa. However, further research on the isolated effects of these metabolites is warranted.
... This trend of greater sensitivity in the roots has been widely reported in the literature (Chon et al., 2000;Habermann et al., 2016;Anwar et al., 2020;Lima et al., 2021). This is likely because the roots are in direct contact with the extracts and are therefore exposed to higher doses of chemical compounds (Tanveer et al., 2012;Alves et al., 2022). Differences in the effectiveness of plant extracts may be related to the fact that specific compounds are extracted in greater amounts based on their affinity with different solvents (Luthria and Mukhopadhyay, 2006;Corrêa et al., 2008). ...
Medicinal plants produce a high diversity of secondary metabolites with different biological activities, which are commonly evaluated when prospecting for bioherbicides. We analyzed the phytotoxic activity of organic extracts from the leaves of five medicinal species, Byrsonima intermedia, Moquiniastrum polymorphum, Luehea candicans, Miconia chamissois, and Qualea cordata. Phytotoxicity was evaluated on the initial growth of cucumber seedlings through tests with different concentrations of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts. The results showed that all organic extracts and all concentrations affected cucumber development, with methanol extracts generally showing the greatest negative effect on the initial growth of the target species. The only exception was for M. chamissois extracts, in which the hexane extract had the greatest phytotoxicity. Furthermore, the organic extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis, revealing the widespread presence of alkaloids along with other chemical classes. All the study species are thus potential candidates for use as natural herbicides.
... The sesquiterpenes (60.1%) were predominantly found and the main compound was β-caryophyllene (34.2%). Other authors who identified the EO chromatographic profile of CAT leaves also observed mainly sesquiterpenes (Adam et al., 2011;Alves et al., 2022;Castro et al., 2015;Chalannavar et al., 2013;Pino et al., 2004). Despite belonging to the same terpenic class, the investigations previously mentioned showed that the CAT EOs have major compounds that are quite different from those found in the present work. ...
The present investigation described the preparation of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) inclusion complex (IC) of the essential oil (EO) of Psidium cattleyanum (CAT) and the Aedes aegypti larvicidal evaluation of the EO and IC. The EO was extracted from the leaves of CAT with a 0.79% (m m − 1) yield. It is mainly composed of sesquiterpenes, with β-caryophyllene being the major component (34.2%). To achieve optimized conditions for the preparation of the IC, through the physical method of kneading, the parameters molar ratio of EO/HPβCD and the kneading time were evaluated. The best molar ratio of EO:HPβCD was 1:1.14 and the kneading time corresponded to 30 min. The amount of essential oil loaded under optimized conditions was (94.9 ± 1.7)%. The prepared IC was characterized by spectroscopy in the UV-Vis region, FTIR, TGA, DLS, and XRD to prove the interaction of the EO with the HPβCD. The release of EO from the IC was evaluated in aqueous media using 1% DMSO (v v − 1) and acetonitrile. The EO slowly released into the aqueous medium, which was used to simulate the aquatic environment in which A. aegypti larvae develop. The larvicidal activity of CAT EO in DMSO was 81.73 and 102.50 µg mL − 1 for LC 50 and LC 90 , respectively. The IC's toxicity was 134.44 and 168.69 µg mL − 1 for LC 50 and LC 90 , respectively. Although the larvicidal activity of EO is higher as compared to the IC, the latter presents great thermal stability and high water solubility. Taking together, the described in this study points to the fact that IC prepared from CAT EO may represent a good alternative for A. aegypti larvae control.
... In order to detect the antitumor compounds and the toxicity of plants towards cancer cells brine shrimp lethality bioassay is used (Olowa and Nuñeza, 2013). Phytochemicals are synthesized during secondary metabolic processes possessing immense potential as biological activity enhancers (Alves et al., 2024;Oszmiański et al., 2020).The toxicity of the plant extracts is assessed by this method. seeds are used for the treatment of stomach pain, cough and cold (Aziz et al., 2015). ...
The methanolic, chloroformic and aqueous extract of Achillea millefolium and Chaerophyllum villosum were investigated for cytotoxicity, phytotoxic and insecticidal activities. Cytotoxicity was investigated by brine shrimp lethality assay indicating that the crude methanolic extract of A.millefolium and chloroformic extract of C.villosum revealed highest mortality of brine shrimps with (LD50 of 52.60 µg/ml) and (14.81 µg/ml). Phytotoxicity was evaluated using the Lemna minor bioassay which revealed that the crude methanolic extract of A.millefolium and C.villosum extract has maximum inhibition of Lemna minor with (Fl50 6.60 µg/ml) and (0.67 µg/ml).The insecticidal activity showed that among all the insects studied it was observed that methanolic extract of A. millefoliumand C. villosum was highly toxic to Sphenoptera dadkhani with (LD50=4.17 µg/ml) and (0.34 µg/ml). From the present study it can be concluded that different extracts from A. millefolium and C. villosum showed good cytotoxic, phytotoxic and insecticidal activity in a dose dependent manner.
... Em relação a composição química, majoritariamente foram encontrados sesquiterpenos (60,1%) e o principal composto foi o β-cariofileno. Outros autores que identificaram o perfil cromatográfico do OE das folhas da CAT também observaram predominantemente sesquiterpenos (ADAM et al., 2011;ALVES et al., 2022;CASTRO et al., 2015;CHALANNAVAR et al., 2013;PINO et al., 2004). ...
... As bandas b, d e e confirmaram que houve interação entre o OE e a HPβCD. A banda c em 1640 cm -1 aparece devido à deformação angular da H2O presente tanto no OE quanto no CI em pequena quantidade (BARBOSA, 2007). ...
... Em relação a composição química dos OE, majoritariamente foram encontrados sesquiterpenos (60,1%) e o principal composto foi o β-cariofileno (34,2%). Outros autores que identificaram o perfil cromatográfico do OE das folhas da CAT também observaram predominantemente sesquiterpenos (ADAM et al., 2011;ALVES et al., 2022;CASTRO et al., 2015;CHALANNAVAR et al., 2013;PINO et al., 2004). Apesar de pertencerem à mesma classe terpênica, os trabalhos, citados anteriormente, demonstraram que os OEs da CAT têm compostos majoritários bastante distintos dos encontrados. ...
... A seleção dessa espécie também se justifica pela abundância de sementes e por ser facilmente encontrada em mercados locais. Além disso, essa planta apresenta um processo germinativo rápido e padronizado, ocorrendo em questão de poucas horas (ALVES et al., 2021(ALVES et al., , 2022COSTA et al., 2017). ...
Weed invasion represents a challenge for farmers, who typically manage it with herbicides. However, this approach raises concerns about environmental and human health, as well as increasing resistance in these plants with continued use. Therefore, exploring alternative methods, such as heterocyclic compounds, triazoles, is essential due to their biological and environmental relevance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of twelve 1,2,3‐triazoles on the germination and early development of Lactuca sativa, Bidens pilosa, and Lolium multiflorum, as well as their impact on cell division in the cells of L. sativa. Triazole derivatives 4a, 4b, 4c, 4g, 4h, 4i, 4k, and 4l exhibited phytotoxicity, showing varying levels of inhibition in germination, germination speed index, and root growth. Chlorinated compounds were the most detrimental to lettuce development. B. pilosa was notably affected by compounds 4h, 4i, 4k, and 4l, while L. multiflorum responded most to triazoles 4c and 4l, with effectiveness comparable to that of the herbicide glyphosate. All derivatives, except 4l, exhibited aneugenic mechanisms of action, and 4a, 4b, 4c, 4e, 4f, and 4g showed clastogenic effects. This study demonstrated the potential of triazoles as effective agents against weed growth, with mechanisms that warrant further investigation for agricultural applications.
