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Percentage of Workers With Diseases Diagnosed Before and After Employment in a Printing Company, Sã o Paulo
Source publication
This study explored the effects of environmental and organizational stressors on the health of shiftworkers in a printing company (n = 124). A questionnaire was used to gather data on work history, organizational factors, psychosocial characteristics, medical history, present health, occupational and non-occupational exposures, and lifestyle factor...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... determine the exposure level to these predominant solvents, personal, full-shift time- weighted average exposure evalua- tions were conducted on all subjects using US National Institute for Oc- cupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Methods 1501Methods , 1400Methods , and 1457. 13 The concentration of the mixture in the air relative to expo- sure limits was calculated by using the American Conference of Govern- mental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) formula for mixtures with additive effects, the Brazilian expo- sure limits for ethyl acetate (1090 mg/m 3 ) and ethanol (1480g/m 3 ), and the ACGIH Threshold Limit Value for toluene (188 mg/m 3 ). 14,15 Levels of ethanol in air ranged from below the detection limit of 0.25 to 1240 mg/m 3 , and its exposure index never exceeded unity. ...
Citations
... The characteristics of each study included in the metaanalysis are presented in Table 1. All studies were crosssectional, of which, only one directly examined ALAN exposure [45], whereas most studies considered chronotype (n = 6) [46][47][48][49][50][51] and shift work (n = 5) [52][53][54][55][56]. We did not find any studies that included more than one exposure at a time (e.g., ALAN and shift work and ALAN and chronotype). ...
... We did not find any studies that included more than one exposure at a time (e.g., ALAN and shift work and ALAN and chronotype). Over half of the included studies were reported from Asia (n = 7) [45,47,49,50,[53][54][55], while fewer reports came from Europe (n = 3) [46,51,56] and the Americas (n = 2) [48,52]. Allergic diseases in children and adolescents were addressed in five studies, and while almost all studies reported asthma as the primary outcome, allergic rhinitis (n = 6) and skin allergies (n = 5) were much less commonly considered. ...
... Apart from the only study on outdoor ALAN, studies investigating associations between evening chronotype, and allergic diseases found a borderline significant association (p = 0.07). This could partly be because of the mixed population, i.e., youths and adults, whereas in occupational studies on shift work, a stronger association between light at night and allergic diseases was observed [52][53][54][55][56]. Additionally, the stronger association between light at night and allergic diseases in youths indicates that circadian misalignment might have a stronger influence on biological function in this population compared to adults. ...
Background: Allergic diseases impose a significant global disease burden, however, the influence of light at night exposure on these diseases in humans has not been comprehensively assessed. We aimed to summarize available evidence considering the association between light at night exposure and major allergic diseases through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods: We completed a search of six databases, two registries, and Google Scholar from inception until December 15, 2023, and included studies that investigated the influence of artificial light at night (ALAN, high vs. low exposure), chronotype (evening vs. morning chronotype), or shift work (night vs. day shift work) on allergic disease outcomes (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and skin allergies). We performed inverse-variance random-effects meta-analyses to examine the association between the exposures (ALAN exposure, chronotype, or shiftwork) and these allergic outcomes. Stratification analyses were conducted by exposure type, disease type, participant age, and geographical location along with sensitivity analyses to assess publication bias.
Results: We included 12 publications in our review. We found that exposure to light at night was associated with higher odds of allergic diseases, with the strongest association observed for ALAN exposure (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.04 to 3.39), followed by evening chronotype (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.87) and exposure to night shift work (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.67). When analyses were stratified by disease types, light at night exposure was significantly associated with asthma (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.20), allergic rhinitis (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.60 to 2.24), and skin allergies (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.91). We also found that the association between light at night exposure and allergic diseases was more profound in youth (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.48) than adults (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.63). Additionally, we observed significant geographical variations in the association between light at night exposure and allergic diseases.
Conclusion: Light at night exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of allergic diseases, both in youth and adults. More long-term epidemiological and mechanistic research is required to understand the possible interactions between light at night and allergic diseases.
... Even those workers who choose to work at night because of higher pay or to accommodate childcare or other demands report that working at night can negatively influence their health and safety [78,79]. Adverse consequences of shift work include gastrointestinal disorders [70,[80][81][82], increased risk of accidents while at work and while commuting home [70,79,[83][84][85], greater likelihood of depression, increased risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular disease [86][87][88], greater risk for developing certain cancers, metabolic syndrome [89][90][91], and more sleep complaints [72,73,75,[92][93][94][95][96]. While female workers who experience frequent transmeridian travel or night work are reported to experience higher rates of menstrual irregularities, miscarriages, and difficulty becoming pregnant compared with day workers [97][98][99], sexual dysfunction in male shift workers has received much less attention. ...
Good sleep is necessary for good health. Sleep health is increasingly recognized as important for physical and mental health by both the medical profession and the general public, and there is great interest in how to avoid and treat sleep disorders and problems. Recent research indicates that insufficient sleep, disrupted sleep, and sleep disorders affect many aspects of human health including sexual function. In fact, patients with urological disorders or erectile dysfunction (ED) may have a sleep disorder that contributes to their urological or sexual dysfunction. Obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, shift work disorder, and restless legs syndrome are all common sleep disorders and are associated with ED and/or other urological disorders. Therefore, careful attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of concomitant sleep disorders in patients with sexual dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of what sleep is and how it is assessed in the clinic or laboratory; our current understanding of the functions of sleep and sleep health; a description of common sleep disorders, as well as how they are diagnosed and treated; and how sleep and its disorders are associated with male sexual dysfunction. Sleep is considered to be a 'third pillar of health', along with diet and exercise. With an understanding of common sleep disorders and how they can impact male sexual function, the urologist can ensure that sleep disorders are considered as a contributor to sexual dysfunction in their patients in order to provide them with the optimal treatment for overall health.
... 16 Some authors studied the effects on cardiac system due to occupational exposure to solvents in different jobs. 17,18 Scientists showed the sinus arrhythmia in persons with organic solvent exposure. 19 Researchers showed the atrium fibrillation and sudden death related to occupational solvent exposure. ...
Background
Occupational exposures can cause cardiovascular disorders. Some exposures may be harmful, and exposures to chemicals such as metal welding fumes, gases, and pesticides, and stress related to physical and occupational hazard, which results in cardiovascular disorders such as arrhythmia, could be prevented. The objective of this study was to determine the electrocardiographic changes in occupational exposure to organic solvents.
Methods
It was a historical cohort study and was carried out on workers of industries. The study was carried out with flexible interview, physical examination, checklist for obtaining clinical history, and electrophysiology test. Group 1 included the workers in the production line of solvent and paint, group 2 included administrative personnel, and group 3 included workers from other industries who did not have solvent exposure. A number of participants in group 1, group 2, and group 3 were 500, 498, and 501, respectively. Electrocardiographic changes were recorded in health issues.
Results
The frequency of arrhythmia, P wave, and QRS complex changes were highest in group 1. The risk of arrhythmia was 1.15 (1.08‐1.49), P wave change was 1.02 (1.01‐2.28) which was significant and considered as highest risk,, and QRS complex change was highest in group 1, whose relative risk was 1.53 (1.46‐1.61). ST segment and T wave changes (depression or elevation) were highest in group 1 and had no significant differences (P < .05).
Conclusion
Working in solvent industry is a risk of developing arrhythmia. Exposure to chemical especially solvent agents mostly affects the cardiovascular system and is effective on electrocardiography, which must be prevented.
... Finally, there may be significant variation in workplace setting or type of employment and more broadly, region or country. For instance, we know that some types of workplace stress are associated with greater levels of depression and these might represent particular targets for interventions (Fischer et al., 2001;Michie, 2003) and should be further explored. Moreover, it is likely that the effects of treatment would be more positive if the treatments included a specific work-directed component and or were modified with an employment focus (Lagerveld et al., 2012;Nieuwenhuijsen et al., 2014). ...
Depression is the most common psychiatric illness and cause of disability, and associated with durable impacts on productivity and represents one of the major causes of workplace absenteeism and presenteeism. Few studies, however, examine the economic impact of treatment of depression
in the workplace, particularly from the perspective of the employer. We estimated the relative costeffectiveness of treatment for employees with depression in the workplace. We used a decisionanalytic model to estimate the relative cost-effectiveness of (i) psychotherapy, (ii) pharmacotherapy
and (iii) combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy and whether they reduce sickness, absenteeism and presenteeism for people with depression. Costs and savings to the employer were
also estimated, and policy recommendations made about how best to translate this evidence into practice. Both pharmacotherapy treatment and psychotherapy treatment were found to be costsaving from the perspective of the employer. Psychotherapy was found to be the most cost-effective option with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €22,225. This study provides evidence that screening and treatment for depression in the workplace is cost-effective and represents a
worthwhile investment from the business perspective.
... Even workers who choose to work at night because of higher pay or to accommodate childcare or other family demands report that working at night has negative influences on their health and safety (Barton, 1994;Novak & Auvil-Novak, 1996). While there are numerous adverse health consequences of shift work (Davis, Mirick, & Stevens, 2001;De Bacquer et al., 2009;Drake, Roehrs, Richardson, Walsh, & Roth, 2004;Fischer et al., 2001;Fujino et al., 2006;Ha & Park, 2005;Kawachi et al., 1995;Knutsson, Hallquist, Reuterwall, Theorell, & Åkerstedt, 1999;Kubo et al., 2006;Lin, Hsiao, & Chen, 2009;Monk, 2000;Schernhammer et al., 2001;Vener, Szabo, & Moore, 1989), it is the risk of accidents while at work (Mitler et al., 1988) and while commuting (Drake et al., 2004;Novak & Auvil-Novak, 1996) that have the greatest and most immediate impacts on transportation. This increased accident risk is largely due to the insufficient sleep experienced by most night and rotating shift workers, as they attempt to sleep during the day when an extended and consolidated bout of sleep is difficult to achieve. ...
Sleep deficiency, which can be caused by acute sleep deprivation, chronic insufficient sleep, untreated sleep disorders, disruption of circadian timing, and other factors, is endemic in the United States, including among professional and nonprofessional drivers and operators. Vigilance and attention are critical for safe transportation operations, but fatigue and sleepiness compromise vigilance and attention by slowing reaction times and impairing judgment and decision-making abilities. Research studies, polls, and accident investigations indicate that many Americans drive a motor vehicle or operate an aircraft, train, or marine vessel while drowsy, putting themselves and others at risk for error and accident. In this chapter, we will outline some of the factors that contribute to sleepiness, present evidence from laboratory and field studies demonstrating how sleepiness impacts transportation safety, review how sleepiness is measured in laboratory and field settings, describe what is known about interventions for sleepiness in transportation settings, and summarize what we believe are important gaps in our knowledge of sleepiness and transportation safety.
... Shift work disorder can also impact individuals with early shift start times because many such individuals find it difficult to go to bed early enough to obtain sufficient sleep. Chronic shift work increases the risk of myocardial infarction 73 , cardiovascular disease 73-77 , GI disorders 63,78,79 , metabolic syndrome [80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] , and cancers [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96] . ...
Objective:
To review circadian rhythm sleep disorders, including underlying causes, diagnostic considerations, and typical treatments.
Methods:
Literature review and discussion of specific cases.
Results:
Survey studies (1,2) suggest that up to 3% of the adult population suffers from a circadian rhythm sleep disorder (CRSD). However, these sleep disorders are often confused with insomnia, and an estimated 10% of adult and 16% of adolescent sleep disorders patients may have a CRSD (3-6). While some CRSD (such as jet lag) can be self-limiting, others when untreated can lead to adverse medical, psychological, and social consequences. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders classifies CRSD as dyssomnias, with six subtypes: Advanced Sleep Phase Type, Delayed Sleep Phase Type, Irregular Sleep Wake Type, Free Running Type, Jet Lag Type, and Shift Work Type. The primary clinical characteristic of all CRSD is an inability to fall asleep and wake at the desired time. It is believed that CRSD arise from a problem with the internal biological clock (circadian timing system) and/or misalignment between the circadian timing system and the external 24-hour environment. This misalignment can be the result of biological and/or behavioral factors. CRSD can be confused with other sleep or medical disorders.
Conclusions:
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are a distinct class of sleep disorders characterized by a mismatch between the desired timing of sleep and the ability to fall asleep and remain asleep. If untreated, CRSD can lead to insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, with negative medical, psychological, and social consequences. It is important for physicians to recognize potential circadian rhythm sleep disorders so that appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and referral can be made.
... The area of Organizational Design and Management (ODAM) has been investigated in a number of studies in Brazil. Examples of such studies are: Tamayo et al. (2005) on competencies and strategies for organisational intelligence; and Fischer et al. (2004), Sznelwar (2003), and Fischer et al. (2001) on the analysis of the work process and organisation. Anthropometry and biomechanics are areas that have received much attention from Brazilian researchers over the years. ...
... Substantial costs are associated with such disorders in the form of reduced worker productivity, absenteeism, disability 8,9 , and short-and longterm disability claims 10,11 . Several studies have evaluated the role of stressful workplaces in the genesis or maintenance of psychiatric distress [12][13][14][15] . Certain kinds of workplace stress have been noted to be associated with a higher frequency of stressrelated symptoms in employees 12,13 and workplace depression 14 . ...
... Several studies have evaluated the role of stressful workplaces in the genesis or maintenance of psychiatric distress [12][13][14][15] . Certain kinds of workplace stress have been noted to be associated with a higher frequency of stressrelated symptoms in employees 12,13 and workplace depression 14 . ...
Aim: To screen for psychiatric caseness and identify the level and extent of anxiety, depression and distress problems in the Information Technology and Information Technology Enabled Services (IT/ITES) sectors. Methods: 100 IT/ITES professionals were identified randomly from consenting companies selected without any bias, and administered the scaled version of General Health Questionnaire-28 items scale (GHQ-28). Results: 36% of subjects scored above the cut-off score of 4 and could be considered as probable psychiatric cases. Common problems noted were feeling constantly under strain (28%), unable to enjoy daily activities (22%), edgy & bad tempered (19%), not satisfied with tasks (18%), and not feeling in good health (16%). Depressive features were less commonly reported. Significantly more individuals were distressed in certain companies (p < 0.05) and significantly more married persons reported distress (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Despite the limitations of small sample size and methodology, the rate of psychiatric morbidity (36%) is higher than that reported for the general population in India, and suggests a need for health promotion activities in the IT sector.
... Several studies have evaluated the role of stressful or unsupportive workplaces in the genesis or maintenance of psychiatric symptomatology. Researchers have found that certain kinds of workplace stress are associated with a higher frequency of depressive symptoms in employees (6,7). ...
... Se ha indicado que el mantenimiento del ritmo circadiano es necesario para la salud (Aréchiga, 2003), y que los problemas de salud se presentan con más frecuencia en las personas que trabajan en turnos rotativos y nocturnos, que en los trabajadores con jornada diurna (Scott & LaDou, 1990) habiéndose incrementado los niveles de neuroticismo en la población debido al trabajo a turnos (Cole, Loving, & Kripke, 1990). Los individuos que trabajan a turnos pueden ver afectados su bienestar y calidad de vida por horas de trabajo extensas e irregulares (Baker, Heiler, & Ferguson, 2003;Melamed, Ben-Avi, & Luz, 1995;McNamee, Binks, & Jones, 1996); dicho trabajo se ha asociado con disturbios gastrointestinales y cardiovasculares (Carrington, Walsh, Stambar, Kleiman, & Trinder, 2003;Costa, 1996;Harma, 2001;Munakata et al., 2001;Scott, 2000), conjuntivitis, dolor de espalda crónico y depresión, junto con el aumento de los efectos del estrés (Harrington, 1994), actuando como un disparador de este último e incrementando el riesgo de enfermedad (Fischer, Morata, & Latorre, 2001); además, los trabajadores a turnos tienden a subestimar sus problemas de sueño, reportando más enfermedades físicas (Scott, 2000), y los intentos del trabajador de evitar estos problemas producen a su vez una reducción del tiempo de sueño y de la capacidad de atención (Colligan & Rosa, 1990). ...
Se observó la infl uencia del tipo de turno de trabajo y el tiempo de permanencia en el mismo, así como de variables socioeconómicas (edad, estado civil e ingresos), en el estado de salud de 67 guardas de seguridad, que trabajaban en turnos de 8, 12 y combinado de 8 y 12 horas, en el departamento de Boyacá (Colombia). Se utilizó la versión para Colombia del Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida relacionado con la Salud Short Form 36 (SF-36) y una encuesta de datos socioeconómicos. En las dimensiones del SF-36, el conjunto de los participantes obtuvo una media de 89,6 en Función Física, 91,4 en Rol Físico, 89,6 en Rol Emocional, 30,3 en Dolor Corporal, 75,2 en Vitalidad, 80,4 en Función Social, 72,5 en Salud Mental y 72,1 en Salud General. Se realizó un análisis de conglomerados con las variables socioeconómicas, el tipo de turno y el tiempo de permanencia en el mismo, obteniéndose dos grupos de 42 (grupo 1) y 25 (grupo 2) sujetos; el grupo 1 tenía en promedio menores ingresos que el grupo 2, el estado civil predominante fue el de soltero, había participantes de los turnos de 8 horas y combinado, y llevaban trabajando en el turno un promedio de 2,5 años; en el grupo 2 había aproximadamente igual número de solteros que de casados/unión libre, estaba compuesto únicamente por participantes del turno de 12 horas; y llevaban trabajando en el turno un promedio de 1,8 años. Mediante la prueba U de Mann-Withney se observó que solamente la dimensión de Rol Físico presentaba diferencias entre los grupos.
