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Percentage changes in real public social spending and real GDP comparing the period of 2007/08 and 2012/13 for OECD countries 3
Source publication
This paper analyses the trends of general government expenditures in the European Union. Government expenditure has increased considerably in all industrialized countries since 1870. Although this increase has not been equal in all countries, it is nevertheless remarkable that despite institutional differences, growing public spending has been a ge...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... test the automatic stabiliser function, Figure 7 shows percentage changes in real public social spending and real GDP comparing periods 2007/08 and 2012/13 2 . Figure 7 shows that the Nordic, the Continental and even the Anglo-Saxon models performed the automatic stabilising function well, expenditure on social protection went up in order to mitigate the negative consequences of the financial and economic crisis. ...
Context 2
... test the automatic stabiliser function, Figure 7 shows percentage changes in real public social spending and real GDP comparing periods 2007/08 and 2012/13 2 . Figure 7 shows that the Nordic, the Continental and even the Anglo-Saxon models performed the automatic stabilising function well, expenditure on social protection went up in order to mitigate the negative consequences of the financial and economic crisis. Social spending in the countries of the Mediterranean model increased only in the early years; however, in 2012, the level of real public social expenditures was significantly lower than in Greece, slightly lower in Portugal, the increase was modest in Italy and average in Spain compared to the reference year 2007. ...
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Bu çalışma, güvencesizlik ve eşitsizliğin önemli ölçüde arttığı günümüz koşullarında sosyal güvenlik sistemlerinin gelirin yeniden dağılım işlevini etkileyen değişkenleri analiz etme amacı taşımaktadır. Son kırk yıldır uygulanmakta olan minimalist sosyal politikalar, küresel düzeyde güvencesizlik, yoksulluk ve eşitsizliğin artmasına neden olmuştur. Yaşanmakta olan pandemi var olan eşitsizliklerin bir yandan daha da artmasına neden olurken, diğer yandan güvencesizliği ve eşitsizliği yönetilebilir olmaktan çıkarmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan güvencesizlik, eşitsizlik ve yoksulluk krizinin çözümü için, sosyal güvenlik sistemlerinin gelirin yeniden dağılım işlevini güçlendirici yönde yeni bir güvence anlayışı gerekmektedir. Sosyal güvenliğin gelirin yeniden dağılım işlevini belirleyen değişkenler, sosyal güvenlik politikalarının istihdam, sağlık ve eğitim politikalarıyla birlikte bütünsel bir anlayışla ele alınması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Bu çerçeve yapı içerisinde sosyal güvenlik sistemlerinin gelirin yeniden dağılım işlevini güçlendirici yönde yeni bir anlayışın, toplumsal uzlaşı temelinde acil olarak yaşama geçirilme ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır.
We investigate the financial crisis as a cut‐off point in EU financial systems’ evolution and assess its effects on cross‐country convergence patterns. Before the crisis, we observe a rise in the centrality of the financial sector, driven by an upward convergent pattern of bank credit. This inflated leverage ratios across all economic sectors, and a catch‐up phenomenon is retrieved in the leveraging of the real sector. The crisis caused a general deleveraging across all economic sectors, with a downward convergence pattern characterizing the financial sector, and triggered an upward convergent pattern in the level of insurance products in households’ portfolios.
