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Despite the many health risks of tobacco and alcohol use, high levels of smoking and drinking are being persisted. Moreover, young men engage more in these behaviors as compared to women. As male physical risk-taking behavior gains attractiveness in short-term mating contexts and given that smoking and drinking have considerable physical costs, thi...
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Background:
we aimed to determine the risk factors and associated population attributable fractions (PAFs) for the age of onset of alcohol use and also to identify protective factors.
Methods:
we analyzed follow-up data collected between autumn 2011 and spring 2016 (n = 5170) from the first two cohorts (2011, 2012) of the Spit for ScienceTM proj...
Citations
... Previous studies have examined risk-taking in young adults aged 18-30 years (e.g., Vincke, 2016) or even up to 35 years (e.g., Tamás et al., 2019). Research assume no differences in these individuals aged 18-30 years, since studies typically did not take into account the relevant developmental changes during this 12 years' period. ...
... In addition, Apalkova et al. (2018) found that women judged occasional risk-takers as more attractive than lower risk-takers for short-term relationships. For this purpose, men may exhibit health risks (e.g., Vincke, 2016) or take part in interpersonal risks (e.g., Griskevicius et al., 2009). ...
Based on the evolutionary framework of risk-taking, the present study aims to examine how the fundamental social motives relate to health risks, interpersonal risks and deviant non-violent behaviors as a function of sex and across different life stages of transitioning to adulthood. A total of 1370 Spanish adolescents and young individuals participated in the survey study. The results showed that status-seeking and kin care (family) were the principal social motives related to risk-taking behaviors. Specifically, status-seeking acted as a promoting factor of risk-taking behaviors, while kin care (family) exerted the opposite effect. Therefore, the results in general demonstrate the significant role of the fundamental social motives on risk-taking behaviors. The impact of sex and age group on the relationship between social motives and risk-taking behaviors is discussed.
... Contrary to the effects on health, the influence of tobacco use on social relationships and particularly on the choice of a partner has not been deeply studied. The results extracted from these studies could improve preventive and therapeutic interventions, as they provide knowledge that helps reduce social acceptance and sensitize society, thus generating a culture of tobacco rejection (Amigo, Álvarez & Secades-Villa, 2018;González-Roz, Secades-Villa, Martínez-Loredo & Fernández-Hermida, 2020;Vincke, 2016). In this context, the benefits of being in a relationship for health should be highlighted (for a review, see Berli, Schwaninger & Scholz, 2021;Perelli-Harris et al., 2018;Umberson & Montez, 2010). ...
... Several studies have pointed to the role of tobacco use as a barrier to establishing a stable relationship in smokers. In this sense, a higher preference for non-smokers has been reported (Goldstein, 1991), a lower willingness from non-smokers to marry smokers (Dillard, Magnan, Köblitz & McCaul, 2013), and a lower attractiveness of smokers as a possible long-term partner (Vincke, 2016). Within other contexts with a culture of tobacco use rejection, such as in the United Arab Emirates or India, health-related reasons aside, there is a majority refusal to marry smokers (Bello et al., 2012;Sreedharan, Muttappallymyalil & Divakaran, 2010). ...
... The focus has been placed on sporadic relationships as well. Thus, a lower willingness from non-smokers to date smokers has been reported (Dillard et al., 2013), a lower willingness to go out with smokers (Peretti-Watel, Legleye, Guignard & Beck, 2014), and less attractiveness of smokers as a possible short-term partner (Vincke, 2016). A recent report shows that even if the relationship is casual and intimate, the use of tobacco has a negative influence; pointing to bad breath, smell, or tobacco smoke as the main reasons (Amigo et al., 2018). ...
This study aimed to analyze the rejection towards smokers when considering a stable relationship. The sample included 445 participants who were recruited using the snowball method. A questionnaire created ad hoc was answered online by each participant. The effect of tobacco use was evaluated in choosing a stable partner, a stable partner to live with, and a stable partner to live with and have children. The results showed a significant rejection towards smokers for the different types of relationships. Statistically significant differences were found depending on the participants' educational background and tobacco use, and their partner's tobacco use. A higher level of rejection towards smokers was found in participants with university studies, in non-smokers, and those with a non-smoker partner. The main reasons for rejection were related to hygiene, health, and household economy. In conclusion, tobacco use can interfere with the establishment of a stable relationship. This argument could be added to the list of drawbacks associated with tobacco use for prevention and treatment.
... Alcohol drinking and smoking cigarettes work as a short-range mating strategy. It increases the risk of adolescent sexual urge, especially among high school students engaging in sexual intercourse, provided that cigarette and alcohol use are still considered masculine traits, especially among men [22][23]. Researchers have also discovered that as substance use increased in frequency, the probability of sex and the number of sexual partners also increased. ...
In numerous published findings, the cohesion was they have treated sexual experience, suicidal behaviors and depression, as the outcome variables and regard substance use as the core factors. In this study, we aim to do the opposite. We seek to make sense of the linkage by inversing the analytical direction. We intend to examine the association and the likelihood, and observe the levels to which sexual experience, suicidal behaviors, and depression may play a part in the odds of smoking and alcohol drinking among middle school and high school Korean students. The data obtained were cross-sectional from the 2019 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, participated by 57, 303 Korean adolescents. Among which are male 52.1%, female 47.9%, ages 15 below 59.2 % and 15 above 40.4%. This study utilized descriptive, Chi-square, and logistic regression analyses. Our basic findings signified that sexual experience and mental health problems doubled the odds of motivation. Chi-square analyses asserted that the association was statistically significant. All variables were notably correlated to substance use at 0.01 level, that is, when sexual experience, suicidal behaviors, and depression tend to increase, there was a high risk of using substances. The results for logistic regression on alcohol drinking, the -2LL statistic is 73157.25, the Cox & Snell R2 is 0.057, and Nagelkerke R2 is 0.078 having the df of 1, with the p value of 0.000l, and the -2LL statistic is 39022.46, the Cox & Snell R2 is 0.064, and Nagelkerke R2 is 0.122 having the df of 1, with the p value of 0.000 for smoking, predicted the maximum likelihood and considerably identified as positive significant indicators in the onset of substance initiation. This study also found that sexual experience had remained robustly substantial with the odds of smoking and drinking, that is, participants with higher sexual experience had the strongest likelihood of substance use motivation. Our overall results contribute to the debate by treating sexual experience, suicidal behaviors, and depression as precedent significant risk factors for developing substance use behaviors among Korean adolescents. For efficient and effective management of sexual experience, suicidal behaviors and depression on teenagers, findings underscore the need for early detection on adolescents at risk. A comprehensive prevention and protective efforts is required along with continuous parental guidance. Intervention programs with coping skills to handle emotional and behavioral problems is essential to help reduce the probability of an increased risk factors and subsequently lessen the threat for developing cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors among teenagers. School-based programs that can create synergy by embedding teenagers in an academic environment that is equally supportive, beneficial and can help promote a positive mindset is recommended.
... Males will increase their risk-taking when in the presence of an attractive female (Ronay and von Hippel, 2010) or when presented with attractive female face stimuli (Baker and Maner, 2008). What is more, risk-taking males are found to be attractive to females under short-term mating scenarios (Li and Kenrick, 2006;Vincke, 2016). ...
Previous work shows that males are more likely to pursue casual sex if given the opportunity, compared to females, on average. One component of this strategy is risk-taking, and males have been shown to take more risks than females in a variety of contexts. Here, we investigate the extent to which sex differences exist considering casual sexual encounters involving sexually transmitted infections (STIs) using a hypothetical sexual scenario which attempts to circumvent several factors that may contribute to a female’s hesitancy to engage in casual sex encounters. Two hundred and forty-six college students rated their willingness to engage in a satisfying casual sexual encounter with someone judged to be personable as a function of sex, varying STI contraction likelihoods, several STI types, and two levels of hypothetical partner attractiveness. We also assess how individual levels of sociosexuality (as measured by the SOI-R) impact findings. Our findings show that males report higher likelihoods of sexual engagement compared to females in general. This trend continued for lower likelihoods of STI contraction in all four STI types (Cold, Chlamydia, Herpes, HIV), with larger effects shown in the high attractiveness partner condition. For higher STI contraction likelihoods and more severe STI types, along with lower partner attractiveness levels, sex differences shrank. Factoring in participant SOI-R scores attenuated the effects somewhat, although it failed to alter findings substantially with predicted sex differences continuing to exist. These results offer further insight into evolved sex differences in human mating systems and provide an additional framework to test sexual risk-taking among males and females.
... Indeed, there might be a number of tactics that both young men and young women employ to attract short-term mates and otherwise facilitate their short-term mating orientation (STMO), 7,18-20 including, perhaps, alcohol-related behavior. 21,22 In particular, people might engage in hazardous drinking to appear attractive to prospective sexual partners, and research has found a moderate correlation between binge drinking and STMO. 23 A meta-analytic review additionally found significant positive associations between heavier alcohol use and engagement in casual sexual experiences. ...
Objectives:
Sexual Strategies Theory suggests people fall on a continuum between having short-term mating orientation (STMO) and long-term mating orientation. One way STMO individuals signal mating goals is via risky drinking. The current study therefore aims to investigate drinks per week (DPW) as a mediator between STMO and risky sexual behavior (RSB), with gender as a moderator between STMO and DPW.
Participants:
Undergraduate students (N = 300) from a Midwestern university during Fall 2019.
Method:
Participants completed questionnaires assessing STMO, DPW, and RSB frequency.
Results:
A moderated-mediation model indicated DPW significantly mediated the relationship between STMO and RSB. Positive associations were found among all three variables. Gender was not a moderator between STMO and DPW.
Conclusions:
Mating orientation was a correlate of alcohol use and RSB for women and men, contributing to the literature identifying STMO as an indicator of those in need of substance use and RSB intervention.
... Some psychological evidence indicates that drinking quantity, frequency, and tolerance could be a signal of genetic quality [15][16][17]. For instance, Vincke [18] found that Flemish women evaluated both occasional and frequent drinkers as more attractive than non-drinkers. In another sample, Vincke [19] found that participants exposed to primes related to short-term motives (i.e., a casual relationship story) showed an increase in mating motivations, leading to the desire for higher alcohol amounts (without moderated effects). ...
Background. Evolutionary theory-driven alcohol prevention programs for adolescents are lacking. This study introduced a binge drinking impression formation paradigm to test whether emphasizing sexual dysfunction induced by alcohol abuse lowers positive attitudes and expectancies related to binge drinking when compared with cognitive or long-term health consequences. Method. In a between-subjects experiment, 269 French high school students (age, M = 15.94, SD = 0.93, 63.20% women) watched professional-quality videos emphasizing sexual impotence (n = 60), cognitive impairment (n = 72), or long-term effects (cancer, cardiovascular disease, n = 68) induced by alcohol and then had to evaluate a drinking scene. We predicted that the video on impotence would be the most impactful when compared with the other videos. Results. Results showed that women evaluated the target as less attractive after viewing the cognitive video compared with the video on impotence. Men were more willing to play sports against the target after viewing the cognitive video, compared with the video on impotence. Conclusions. These results showed that evolutionary meaning might shape impressions formed by participants depending on the context. This study calls for further replications using the same design and materials.
... Some psychological evidence indicates that drinking quantity, frequency, and tolerance could be a signal of genetic quality [27,28,29]. For instance, Vincke [15] found that Flemish women evaluated both occasional and frequent drinkers as more attractive than non-drinkers. In another sample, Vincke [16] found that participants exposed to primes related to short-term motives (i.e., a casual relationship story) showed an increase in mating motivations, leading to the desire for higher alcohol amounts (without moderated effects). ...
Background. Evolutionary theory-driven alcohol prevention programs for adolescents are lacking. This study introduced a binge drinking impression formation paradigm to test whether emphasizing sexual dysfunction induced by alcohol abuse lowers positive attitudes and expectan-cies related to binge drinking when compared with cognitive or long-term health consequences. Method. In a between-subjects experiment, 269 French high school students (age, M = 15.94, SD = 0.93, 63.20% women) watched professional-quality videos emphasizing sexual impotence (n = 60), cognitive impairment (n = 72), or long-term effects (cancer, cardiovascular disease, n = 68) induced by alcohol and then had to evaluate a drinking scene. We predicted that the video on impotence would be the most impactful when compared with the other videos. Results. Results showed that women evaluated the target as less attractive after viewing the cognitive video compared with the video on impotence. Men were more willing to play sports against the target after viewing the cog-nitive video, compared with the video on impotence. Conclusions. These results showed that evolutionary meaning might shape impressions formed by participants depending on the context. This study calls for further replications using the same design and materials.
... The dual use of alcohol and tobacco products negatively impacts quit attempts as alcohol consumption is one of the predictors of tobacco cessation failure, and smokers are likely to smoke more when drinking. 27,28,29,30,31 Therefore, not only should the use of other substances be explored amongst tobacco users but also counselling offered to address alcohol misuse to increase the success rate of quit attempts. 22 The correlates of quit attempts in this study align with the literature regarding the role of sociodemographic disparities in tobacco cesation. ...
Background: Implementing effective tobacco cessation programmes requires an understanding of the factors that influence quit attempts in a given context. In this study, we explored these factors among current tobacco users attending the outpatient department (OPD) of Dr Yusuf Dadoo Hospital, South Africa.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study involving 275 tobacco users, a researcher-administered questionnaire collected socio-demographic, clinical, tobacco use and quit attempt information. Outcomes of data analysis included the proportion of participants who made quit attempts, the motivations and barriers, and the factors significantly associated with quit attempts.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.5 years. Most of them were black (61.8%), male (65.8%), and had at least one chronic disease (52.7%) – of which 55.2% had a cardiovascular disease. About 87% of participants smoked cigarettes while 10% used snuff. Most participants made a quit attempt in the past year (74%), perceived it important to quit (92.0%) and felt confident to do so (75.0%). Health concern was the most common motivation for making a quit attempt, while advice from a healthcare provider was the least. Stress and cravings were the top two barriers to make a quit attempt. In regression analysis, being married was the only factor independently associated with making a quit attempt (odds ratio [OR]: 2.13; confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–3.86, p = 0.01).
Conclusion: Most participants showed readiness to quit. However, healthcare professionals failed to leverage on participants’ motivations about their health to scale up the provision of quit advice to promote smoking cessation.
... In particular, male's ability to drink large quantities of alcohol in a short period can be analyzed as multiple signals toward potential female mates and male competitors. Vincke (2016) found that Flemish women exposed to vignettes describing a man drinking occasionally was rated as more attractive than a man never drinking or drinking frequently. For short-term mating, both occasional and frequent drinking were evaluated as more attractive than nondrinking. ...
Evolutionary medicine proposes studying alcohol use and abuse through the lens of modern evolutionary theory. This study ( https://osf.io/p48 uw/) follows this approach and uses an evolutionary framework to predict how young adults (18–35 years old) form impression of a binge drinker. We predicted that displaying sexual dysfunctions (short-term risk) in a binge drinking video would negatively influence attitudes and expectations of a target when compared to cognitive (short-term risk) or long-term deficits. In the following studies, we use a Zahavian framework to understand and influence impression formation of a male binge drinker among women (intersexual selection) and men (intrasexual competition) participants in a subsequent task. Via a randomized experimental online study in France ( N = 177, M = 23.39 [4.91], 43.50% men) and a preregistered conceptual replication study in Peru ( N = 176, M = 25.61 [4.76], 53.41% men), women exposed to a binge drinking video—describing sexual impotence after a binge drinking episode—tended to downgrade attractiveness evaluation of the binge drinker. However, male participants were not impacted by the different types of signals displayed in the videos. These results show that evolutionary theory could help us understand impression formation in binge drinking context and call for gender-specific health messages.
... Consistent with previous literatures [30,40], smokers in our sample comprised of predominantly men. This may be because men are more likely to be involved in risk taking behaviours such as drinking and smoking [46], men also strive for leadership and sexual prowess [47]. ...
Background:
There is a lack of data on smoking in outdoor-open bars in Nigeria that may translate into effective legislation on public smoking.
Method:
This study determined the prevalence, demographic and clinical correlates as well as predictors of smoking among a community sample of 1119 patrons of open place bars in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data on current smoking was obtained using the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), while smoking intensity was calculated using the Pack-Year. Prevalence of alcohol use was determined using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), while depression was diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI). Analysis was carried out by SPSS version 20.0 software using Chi square statistics, t test and ANOVA, and was set at 95% confidence interval.
Results:
Prevalence of current smoking was 63.8% and the mean pack years of smoking of all respondents was 19.38 ± 17.16 years. Predictors of outdoor smoking were depression OR = 1.41, 95% CI (1.09-1.83) and alcohol use OR = 2.12, 95% CI (1.44-3.13). Predictors of high pack years were depression OR = 1.47, 95% CI (1.08-2.01), being married, OR = 1.78, 95% CI (1.29-2.45), high income, OR = 1.95, 95% CI (1.42-2.68) and alcohol use OR = 2.82, 95% CI (1.51-5.27). There was no significant relationship between stage of readiness to quit smoking and mean pack years of smoking, F = 0.3, p = 0.5.
Conclusion:
The high prevalence of outdoor smoking in the sample calls for urgent public health initiatives for intervention. Thus, outdoor bars are potential tobacco use intervention sites to minimize the health consequences of smoking.
