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Fig 4 - Evolutionary Transitions among Flowers of Perianthless Piperales: Inferences from Inflorescence and Flower Development in the Anomalous Species Peperomia fraseri (Piperaceae)

Fig. 4 Peperomia fraseri , bract initiation and early development. A , B , Top view of apical meristem of main inflorescence (i.e., raceme of spikes), showing various ontogenetic stages of spike-subtending bracts. A , Nonfasciated inflorescence with 8 þ 13 contact parastiches. B , Fasciated inflorescence. C , Portion of a young raceme of spikes showing different stages of spike initiation and early development. Most spike- subtending bracts are removed to show spikes. D , Spike primordium before initiation of flower-subtending bract. E , First flower-subtending bracts initiated on spike apical meristem. F , Small portion of young raceme of spikes showing seven spikes at different developmental stages; spike- subtending bracts have been removed. G , Very young spike, abaxial view. Note flower-subtending bract primordia are suppressed in the lower abaxial side of the spike. BR 1⁄4 flower-subtending bract, SA 1⁄4 spike apex, SSB 1⁄4 spike-subtending bract. Scale bars: A , C 1⁄4 500 m m; B 1⁄4 1 mm; D 1⁄4 80 m m; E , G 1⁄4 60 m m; F 1⁄4 120 m m. 
Peperomia fraseri , bract initiation and early development. A , B , Top view of apical meristem of main inflorescence (i.e., raceme of spikes), showing various ontogenetic stages of spike-subtending bracts. A , Nonfasciated inflorescence with 8 þ 13 contact parastiches. B , Fasciated inflorescence. C , Portion of a young raceme of spikes showing different stages of spike initiation and early development. Most spike- subtending bracts are removed to show spikes. D , Spike primordium before initiation of flower-subtending bract. E , First flower-subtending bracts initiated on spike apical meristem. F , Small portion of young raceme of spikes showing seven spikes at different developmental stages; spike- subtending bracts have been removed. G , Very young spike, abaxial view. Note flower-subtending bract primordia are suppressed in the lower abaxial side of the spike. BR 1⁄4 flower-subtending bract, SA 1⁄4 spike apex, SSB 1⁄4 spike-subtending bract. Scale bars: A , C 1⁄4 500 m m; B 1⁄4 1 mm; D 1⁄4 80 m m; E , G 1⁄4 60 m m; F 1⁄4 120 m m. 
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