Figure - available via license: CC BY
Content may be subject to copyright.
Pearson's correlation coefficient between variables considered as independent variables in the regression analysis.
Source publication
There are large discrepancies in the transport sector along gender lines in travel patterns and means of transportation used, but also in attitudes and norms among citizens, planners and decision-makers, with women generally more positive towards measures involving the lowering CO2 emissions. At the same time, the number of women involved in transp...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... form an initial overview of the explanatory factors considered in the regression analysis, a correlation analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation coefficient. This analysis showed a significant correlation between several of the factors considered as explanatory variables (Table 5). Multiple linear regression models were also estimated that included all explanatory variables considered, besides women's representation in 2011 and 2015. ...Similar publications
Understanding how interurban movements can modify the spatial distribution of the population is important for transport planning but is also a fundamental ingredient for epidemic modeling. We focus here on vacation trips (for all transportation modes) during the Chinese Lunar New Year and compare the results for 2019 with the ones for 2020 where tr...
Citations
... While 'adding more women' to transport sector planning is important for justice and democratic reasons, it is not sufficient to bring about decarbonization and sustainability. Research in the Scandinavian climate planning context has not been able to prove the correlation between equal representation of men and women and more sustainable outcomes (Magnusdottir & Kronsell, 2015;Winslott Hiselius et al., 2019a, 2023. Thus, there can be no assumption that more gender equality in political representation would automatically give voice to more sustainable and climate-neutral options in transport planning. ...
... Already in our first project (reported in Winslott Hiselius et al., 2019a) we found that technical masculinity was present but not as dominant as expected. We found evidence of norms that could be associated with female mobility, but it was not a single model. ...
... The existence of pedestrian friendly, safe and comfortable walking infrastructure especially sidewalks and crosswalks are a prerequisite to make urban transport more sustainable (Santos et al., 2010). Previous travel behaviour studies have pointed out the discrepancies in the transportation sector especially in terms of gender (Winslott et al., 2019;Cornet & Gudmundsson, 2015). Studies pertaining to the heterogeneity among pedestrians' socio-demographic characteristics are limited especially in case of women. ...
The present study delves into the potential impact of gender on critical factors that define Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS) of sidewalks. Through an in-depth personal interview survey among 502 respondents, consisting of 240 males and 262 females, the variations in perception of male and female pedestrians concerning a spectrum of built environment factors influencing sidewalk quality were assessed. Two structural equation models have been separately developed for male respondents and female respondents. The study found that there is a substantial gender-based disparities in the effect of diverse factors that define PLOS of sidewalks. Especially, the factor ‘Security’ found to be an important factor shaping pedestrians’ satisfaction with the sidewalk quality for both genders. The results found that women pedestrians’ have notably higher satisfaction across all PLOS factors compared to their male counterparts, offering a promising avenue for improving sidewalk environment. Also, it would help planners in identifying the factors that impact the pedestrians’ satisfaction on PLOS of sidewalks based on gender. This study helps urban planners in identifying factors with gender specific impacts on pedestrians’ satisfaction with PLOS for sidewalks. It will thus help in giving emphasis on improvement of those factors for women pedestrians which will ensure their active participation in social activities. By prioritising improvements tailored to women pedestrians’ needs, the present study holds potential to promote their engagement in social activities.
... There are some actions to address gender inequality, such as an EU-funded initiative titled: "High heels: building opportunities for women in construction" (Clarke and Sahin-Dikmen, 2021: 167) but it simply aims to add women, without acknowledging the gendered nature of the construction sector and its discriminating effects. Gender binaries are resilient in the construction sector just as in the transport sector and where the logic of appropriateness makes gender-sensitive or even just people-centered actions appear less appropriate (Christensen and Breengaard, 2021, Winslott Hiselius et al. 2019, Clarke and Sahin-Dikmen, 2021, Alber et al., 2021. For the EU, gender equality is codified in the treaties that could potentially support efforts to gender climate policies. ...
Climate institutions such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), with its expert panel the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the European Union, as well as national and local authorities in various sectors (such as transport, industry, energy, and agriculture), play a central role in developing and enacting climate strategies. Climate institutions, particularly in the Global North, have however been slow in their recognition of gender and other climate-relevant social aspects. With the help of feminist institutionalism, we analyze the contemporary climate regime and how it deals with gender and social differences, asking how climate institutions, originating in the Global North, organize bodies and institutionalize gender norms and relations. The main aim is to highlight existing institutional inertia and obstacles to transformative institutional practices that are needed for just and inclusive climate policies. The article is conceptual with examples drawn from institutional literature as well as empirical research on the United Nations, the European Union, and states in the Global North. We conclude that there is an increasing recognition of the gendered effects of climate change particularly in terms of the need for diverse representation in decision making. Institutional inertia, in particular path-dependent policy-making in climate institutions, however makes gender often invisible or associated with women only and therefore remains a major obstacle for the realization of inclusive and equal climate policies.
... Female political status is measured in various ways, as the percentage of women serving in legislative bodies or committees affiliated with those bodies, or as the percentage of women in administrative policymaking positions [20,31]. The concept of representation includes both the number and the political status/power of the representation [32]. ...
... Patterns of gender inequality also prevail at the local level. A mapping of representation in local committees that make decisions on transport-related issues [20,40] showed that women's representation in Swedish municipal committees has increased over the last 15 years, even though it is still far from equal. Compared with the City Council and City Board, the committees are much less equal. ...
... Compared with the City Council and City Board, the committees are much less equal. Men are overrepresented in municipal committees, such as on technical and building committees, and similar ones where transport planning and decisions are made [20]. This is in line with what other studies have shown on representation in the Scandinavian transport sectors [31], and also including the EU [41], in which transport issues are the domain of men. ...
This paper aims to analyse and further capture nuances of gender representation in local political decision-making bodies, focusing on implications for transport policy. Since gender is highly relevant for both attitudes towards transport policy as well as political votes, data on the gender and political colour of executives (members of presidiums) of transport-related committees, councils, and boards is analysed. The study is aimed at the local level, since municipal transport policy decisions include areas with clear differences between masculinity and femininity norms. The mapping of representation reveals, in line with other studies, that women are underrepresented in the most leading position (as chairperson of the City Board 31–37%), and that presidiums of transport-related committees, especially, are highly dominated by men (72–74%) with no clear positive trend in female representation identified over the studied years. The result suggests that transport-related decisions are disproportionally shaped by men as well as masculine norms, with implications for the transition towards transport sustainability.
... The underlying idea that gender equality and climate justice must be connected derives from this. An association between employed women and environmental changes, such as CO2 emissions in the atmosphere, was found in earlier studies (Kronsell et al., 2016;Lv & Deng, 2019;Waygood & Avineri, 2016;Winslott Hiselius et al., 2019). Women are more concerned about the environment and perceive the risk as a threat to the environment because they are more sensitive to it (Buckingham, 2016;Eisler et al., 2003). ...
This research examines the nexus between environmental tax, carbon emission, and female economic inclusion. The study employs a quantitative research method, utilizing the Generalized method of moments (GMM) on a dataset of 65 countries from the period 1994 to 2020. The research finds that environmental tax has a significant negative effect on carbon emission, and that firms with a higher level of female economic inclusion tend to have lower carbon emission levels. Furthermore, the research shows that firms with a higher level of female economic inclusion are more likely to implement environmentally sustainable practices, which in turn reduces their carbon emission levels. These findings suggest that policies that promote environmental taxation and female economic inclusion can be effective in reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable business practices. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling, where 64 countries were selected based on their availability of data on environmental tax, carbon emissions, and female economic inclusion. The population of the study comprises all countries that have data available on these variables between the period of 1994 to 2020. While there are limitations to this study, including the need for further research to fully understand the complex relationship between environmental taxation, carbon emissions, and female economic inclusion, this research represents an important contribution to the literature on these critical issues.
... A number of studies have shown the associations of employed women and environmental quality (Kronsell et al. 2016;Waygood and Avineri 2016;Hiselius et al. 2019). They found that quality education can produce leadership in women and they can play their role to improve air quality. ...
This work investigates the impacts of female employers, renewable energy, and education expenditures on CO2 emission in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. The annual data of 1990–2020 has been analyzed to present the empirical results. This work uses cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach to know long- and short-run coefficient values. The findings reveal that 1% increase in female employers, renewable energy, and education expenditures will decrease 0.04%, 0.64%, and 0.03% CO2 emissions, respectively, in the long run, which means female employers, renewable energy, and education spending are useful for South Asian countries to lower environmental pollution. This means that increasing female employers, ratio of renewable energy, and education expenditures are very important for South Asian countries to lower environmental pollution. This work recommends that education spending is providing environmental awareness, which is compulsory for cleaner environment.
... It is relevant that women's specific roles, concerns, and livelihoods be taken into account in policy-making in climate institutions (Alston 2014;Alston and Whittenbury 2013), but the tendency to conceptualize gender in climate change as being only about vulnerable (rural) women or female victims in the Global South is problematic and obscures power relations in a number of ways (Arora-Jonsson 2011). First, it conceals that gender power issues have relevance for climate actions also in the Global North (Carlsson-Kanyama et al. 2010;Hiselius Winslott et al. 2019;Kronsell, Smidfelt Rosqvist, and Winslott Hiselius 2016;Polk 2003;Räty and Carlsson-Kanyama 2009). Second, a focus on women per defin ition excludes from the analysis both nonbinary people and men and masculinity. ...
Governing bodies at different levels are authoritative institutions and civil servants/policy-makers are key actors in realizing global and national climate objectives. They have largely failed to create effective, legitimate, democratic, and just policies. This is problematic in light of research that views the climate transition as a social and behavioral concern and stresses the importance of paying attention to social effects in policy-making. The authors explore the Swedish climate institutions: the Environmental Protection Agency, the Traffic Administration, the Energy Agency, and the Innovation Agency. They analyzed key policy documents and 31 interviews questions on how social issues are understood and dealt with in institutional practices. The authors confirmed that emphasis has been on technological innovations and economic incentives. Although policy-makers recognize the relevance of social concerns, efforts to date seem insufficient. The main challenge is how to incorporate such concerns when action is restricted by institutional path dependencies. The authors’ approach starts in feminist institutionalism and adds intersectionality in an analytical lens that helps explore how power relations are embedded within climate institutions and can explain their effects. Insights are that power relations are context-specific and situated in a certain place and time. The authors’ method of how to pursue contextually sensitive and situated analyses of complex intersections of power can be used across contexts in further comparative studies.
... The conventional and non-renewable energy sources are expensive to use and limited in numbers globally, and the world economies are shifting their focuses from these conventional fossil fuel energy sources towards clean, cheap, and abundant renewable energy to bring them into use (Wang et al., 2020b). Prior studies (Ergas and York, 2012;Waygood and Avineri, 2016;Lv and Deng, 2019;Kronsell et al., 2016;Winslott Hiselius et al., 2019) showed a correlation among employed women and environmental changes, including CO 2 emission in the atmosphere. A study on the European Commission, considering the municipal waste management process of Ireland and the U.K., found that women were having authoritative and managerial positions performed at a higher rate of recycling as compared to those who do not have an (Buckingham et al., 2005). ...
The present study empirically investigates the nexus between education expenditure, female employer, consumption of renewable energy, and CO2 emission in China. A total of 25 years of data spanning from 1991 to 2015 is used in the study. The World Bank data has been used as the source of data. Several econometric techniques, such as ADF, P.P, Bound test, ARDL, and fully FMOLS, have been applied to draw empirical inferences. The bound test reveals a long-run relationship between the considered variables. The estimations of the ARDL model show that education expenditure, female employers, and renewable energy consumption have a negative connection with CO2 emission. The study's findings indicate that increasing education expenditure, an increasing number of female employers, and increasing renewable energy consumption as a percentage of total energy use will help reduce CO2 emission in both the long term and short term in China. The fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) has been applied to test the robust impact of independent variables towards the dependent variable used in the study. And lastly, this study provides important policy recommendations that help in reducing CO2 emissions in the environment.
... Other fndings from Scandinavia problematise a simple correlation between female representation and a more sustainable climate agenda (Magnusdottir and Kronsell, 2014;Winslott Hiselius et al., 2019). Kronsell (2013, p. 12) issues an advisory remark: ...
... Findings regarding the relationship between female political status and efforts to protect the environment are mixed too. A few studies indicate greater female political status improves environmental outcomes (Ergas and York 2012;McKinney and Fulkerson 2015;Norgaard and York 2005) but others find no impact on policymaking in this area (Hiselius et al. 2019;Magnusdottir and Kronsell 2015;. Female political status is measured in various ways in this research, such as by the percentage of women serving in legislative bodies or committees affiliated with those bodies, the percentage of women in administrative policymaking positions, and the time that has elapsed since women were granted the right to vote in a jurisdiction. ...
... However, none of these studies investigate the views of the chief elected official in a jurisdiction, and just two report findings specific to local politicians (Hiselius et al. 2019;Sundström and McCright 2014). According to Sundström and McCright (2014), women serving on municipal and county councils still expressed greater environmental concern than men even after controlling for political orientation. ...
... According to Sundström and McCright (2014), women serving on municipal and county councils still expressed greater environmental concern than men even after controlling for political orientation. By contrast, Hiselius et al. (2019) find no relationship between female representation on Swedish local transport-related committees and the extent to which a jurisdiction's transport planning is environmentally-friendly although the political orientation of the representatives was not accounted for. These inconsistent results highlight the value of further studying the potential correlation between the gender of a local government's chief elected official and energy conservation efforts. ...
Most research examining factors associated with local government adoption of sustainability practices focuses on the impact of community characteristics. Little is known about whether adoption is also related to the characteristics of the leaders in these jurisdictions. To address this gap in the literature, this exploratory study uses data from a national survey of U.S. local governments (n = 1,672) to examine the potential correlation between adoption of certain sustainability practices and the gender of a jurisdiction's highest elected official. Our regression models find that jurisdictions led by women were more likely to have adopted redistributive programmes and practices encouraging community-based energy conservation. But, there is no correlation between a local government's adoption of measures promoting government energy conservation and its leader's gender. Future research should explore whether female leaders’ greater openness to citizen involvement in the policymaking process and women's socialisation to focus on communal rather than individual interests help account for our findings.
