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Patients' satisfaction means of the factors for the two hospitals. EGH: Educational General Hospital; SGH: Shar General Hospital.
Source publication
Modern hospital indoor environment aims at fulfilling the psychological needs and preferences of the people who use it. Nowadays, physical and non-physical and healing environments are perceived as potential contributors to recovery processes. Unlike curing, healing relates to aspects of health that are psychological and spiritual. This study aims...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... general, patients from the newly built hospital (SGH) were more satisfied than patients in the renovated one (EGH) in terms of the quality of the indoor environment. Analysis was conducted to assess inpatient's level of satisfaction with the two hospitals' wards, and the results are summarized in Figure 4, where the patients' level of satisfaction are as follows. ...
Context 2
... result appeared to be in support of studies, 16,53,56 which found that the users of the newly built hospital were most satisfied with the indoor environment quality of the facilities. When comparing the patients' level of satisfaction in the two hospitals, the study found strong differences in Views, Comfort and Control and Interior appearance factors and slightly different values for the rest of the factors (Figure 4). Therefore, the patients at SGH were more satisfied than patients at EGH, given the reason that great attention was paid to the interior design at SGH, and the hospital had more single-bed accommodation than the other hospital, which provided Comfort and Control like home. ...
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Objective
This study investigates how patients and medical staff assess the physical environments of two recently built hospitals in Sulaimani City to understand the extent to which indoor environmental factors influence the creation of an optimal healing environment.
Background
A contemporary healing environment may be recognized by the quality o...
Citations
... Rementia is the state under which some abilities that have been compromised by dementia may reappear (Sixsmith et al., 1993). Medical architecture suggestions on the use of day light (Muhamad et al., 2022), window design (Verderber, 1986;Ulrich et al., 1991;Mahmood and Tayib, 2021) and the perception of art (Corriero et al., 2024) could be applied and measured to: ...
Purpose
This paper aims to strengthen the connection between therapeutic built environments and tourism research and practice. While there is evidence in the importance of the Built Environment (BE) of cities, workspaces and health-care facilities to health, the BE of facilities for tourism in relation to health remains relatively unexplored.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper conducts an exploratory search on architecture and tourism BE and narrowed it down to a scoping review on wellness tourism and architectural health impacts from 2010 to 2024. This would highlight lessons learned from the field of medical architecture, i.e. a cross-disciplinary field combining BE research, public health and health-care services research, to explore potential synergies of cross-pollination with the field of hospitality and medical architecture.
Findings
Principles and theories of medical architecture can be incorporated into the BE of wellness hospitality, tourism for ageing and pandemic preparedness.
Originality/value
The paper sets the basis of a novel cross-disciplinary collaboration between therapeutic architecture and hospitality for increasing the societal impact of the latter. This is particularly important in a post-Covid and an ageing society.
... These associations and emotions significantly impact individuals' preferences for ceramic tiles [11]. Similarly, Mahmood and Tayib discovered through a questionnaire survey that aesthetically pleasing ceramic tiles in interior designs can enhance users' psychological comfort [12]. Serra et al. found that lighter or monochromatic wall and floor colors significantly increase individuals' subjective satisfaction with their environment [13]. ...
People spend most of their time indoors, and the visual characteristics of indoor building materials affect not only the quality of the indoor environment, but also the well-being of individuals. Ceramic tiles are widely used in interior decoration of buildings due to their aesthetic appeal and ease of maintenance. However, there is currently a lack of a comprehensive framework for assessing the visual comfort of ceramic tile design. This study established an evaluation system using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Delphi method to collect perceptual words, extract evaluation indices, and calculate weights. A visual comfort scale for ceramic tiles, comprising three dimensions and twelve indices, was developed. A total of 342 questionnaires were analyzed using six types of tiles, and the multidimensional visual comfort scores of the various ceramic tile samples were statistically examined. An analysis of variance was conducted to investigate the effects of tile brightness, texture, and participant gender on visual comfort. The findings indicate that tile brightness and texture significantly affect the overall visual comfort score (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), with light-toned, non-textured tiles providing higher visual comfort (3.949). Although gender did not significantly affect the overall visual comfort scores, it did influence the evaluation scores in certain dimensions. Men rated the aesthetic comfort of tiles lower than women (p = 0.035), but they rated the emotional comfort of medium-toned and non-textured tiles higher (p = 0.003; p = 0.017). In terms of theoretical significance, the establishment of this evaluation model can expand the research content and methods of ceramic tiles, which are crucial architectural decoration materials. In terms of practical significance, this study provides an evaluation method and partial evaluation information for designers, enabling them to assess and enhance the visual experience of tiles based on the specific needs of interior spaces and the characteristics of the visual subject.
... However, the ill prepared therapeutic environment may interfere with the total health of the patients during the MHS. According to Mahmood and Tayib (2021), the hospital environment threatens the emotional wellbeing of patients due to variety of invasive interventions performed on patients. Therefore, patients may pre-empt such interventions being instituted on them. ...
Access to maternity health services
... The study emphasizes the inverse relationship between outpatient overall satisfaction and educational attainment, suggesting that higher educational attainment correlates with lower satisfaction levels. This finding aligns with previous studies that support the same correlation (Desta et al., 2018;Locker & Dunt, 1978;Mahmood & Tayib, 2021). The study also confirms that longer waiting times were correlated with a reduction in overall satisfaction among patients. ...
The design of healthcare facilities has a significant impact on multiple patients' outcomes, particularly for those undergoing cancer treatment. This paper aims to investigate the Healing Built Environment (HBE) principles and characteristics that influence cancer outpatients’ satisfaction in healthcare facilities. The research adapted the Environmental Occupant Health (E-O-H) framework to evaluate the impact of the principles and parameters of healing environments on patients’ overall satisfaction by relying primarily on an onsite survey questionnaire. The quantitative data gathered through closed-ended questions of the questionnaire was statistically analyzed using SPSS (version 25). As for the data gathered through open-ended questions of the questionnaire, qualitative analysis was adopted. Furthermore, observational data, field notes and archival sources were used to complement the data gathered from the questionnaires. The combination of quantitative and qualitative data has assisted in getting in-depth feedback on each of the design principles of Healing Built Environment (HBE). The findings of this study confirm that some of demographic and treatment information of the respondents in addition to some parameters within the three key design principles of the E-O-H framework (comfortable environment, well-functioning space and relaxing atmosphere) have a significant influence on cancer outpatients’ overall satisfaction.
... Nowadays, physical and non-physical and healing environments are perceived as potential contributors to recovery processes. Unlike curing, healing relates to aspects of health that are psychological and spiritual (Mahmood and Tayib, 2021). Robinson, Gardiner, & Ingleton, (2018) recommended to pay attention to the things that can be changed, such as enabling family to stay and improving the flexibility of the physical environment while improving the social interplay between patients and health professionals, may be a more realistic approach than replicating the hospice environment in order to reduce the burden of hospitalizations for patients with palliative care needs. ...
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between patient demographic factors (gender, age, marital status) and their perception of a patient-friendly hospital environment. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire to collect data from 41 patients at a hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. The questionnaire assessed perceptions of privacy, visitation, amenities, way finding, and other aspects that contribute to a patient-friendly environment. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between demographic variables and overall satisfaction. Most respondents were younger, female patients. Descriptive analysis found neutral to average satisfaction across different environment domains. Correlation analysis showed no significant relationships between gender, age, marital status and perception of a patient-friendly environment (p>0.05 for all). Patient demographics did not appear to influence perceptions of a patient-friendly environment in this study. While most domains scored neutrally, opportunities remain to enhance certain areas like bathroom accessibility and parking. Larger studies are needed to further understand how hospitals can optimize their physical environments to better support patients.
... Healthcare facilities today are complex structures that house various operations, including sophisticated medical equipment, as well as more low-key issues, such as user satisfaction [1,2]. The physical features of a hospital can significantly impact the well-being of medical personnel, patients, and visitors. ...
... Design features and solutions that meet user expectations and needs can positively impact occupant health in healthcare facilities [3][4][5]. Therefore, the presence or absence of any design elements in an indoor setting can positively or negatively impact the user's psychological state, including their mood and stress levels [2,3,6,7]. The satisfaction of medical staff is crucial for providing high-quality healthcare services. ...
... Workplace, interior space, and physical environment quality can impact satisfaction. Stress can negatively affect work performance and job satisfaction, ultimately affecting healthcare service quality and outcomes [2,[23][24][25]. High-satisfaction medical staff provide better quality medical services, causing better healthcare results. ...
Contemporary hospitals may be recognized by a large variety of activities, not only delivery of care but also some concerns, such as the satisfaction level of users. This research investigates the relationship between outpatient department (OPD) design elements and medical staff satisfaction and performance, especially in light of the pandemic since 2020. A mixed-method approach was used to gather doctors' and nurses' perspectives at two hospitals in Sulaimani City. This involved an EBD questionnaire and a modified AEDET checklist where respondents filled out a 39-item questionnaire at the hospitals' OPD. The results highlight the importance of the interior environment's quality in promoting the satisfaction of medical staff. The results from the medical staff surveys showed that most medical staff expressed satisfaction with the indoor design elements, and three factors, infection control, interior appearance, and comfort and control, were essential to creating a satisfactory indoor environment. A negative correlation of some demographic information, such as practical experience and educational attainment, with medical staff satisfaction was revealed. The findings suggest that investigating the views of the medical staff can indicate the level of significance of various elements that increase their satisfaction and performance, contribute to the general body of knowledge, and inform design decisions.
... A study from Italy showed that in the maternity ward the main cause of noise disturbance was activities in the corridors and that this disturbance was usually repeated throughout the night [43]. A study from Iraq demonstrated that the four key factors to create a satisfying healing environment in general hospitals were interior appearance, comfort and control, views, and privacy [44]. A study conducted in the USA compared staff perceptions of LEED-certified healthcare facilities versus conventional hospitals and found that those working in the LEED facilities reported higher levels of comfort and satisfaction [45]. ...
Different functional areas within general hospitals have varying environmental requirements, with relatively high energy consumption. A comprehensive evaluation of the operational performance’s rationality is of great significance in hospitals’ energy conservation efforts. This study conducted an annual post-occupancy evaluation of a general hospital located in a hot summer and cold winter area in east of China. Two hundred and seventy-eight valid online satisfaction questionnaires, sixty valid point-to-point questionnaires, indoor environment data of each typical season, and energy consumption data were obtained. The overall indoor environment of the selected hospital met the standard requirements. The results showed that occupant satisfaction was influenced by gender, working hours, and length of stay. The annual energy consumption level of this building was 84.7 kWh/m2, which is significantly lower than that of other public general hospitals in China and general hospitals in developed countries. The energy consumption of the inpatient department was directly related to the hospital days, with an increase of 12.2 kWh/m2 for every 1000 additional hospital days. A new indoor environment quality (IEQ) model and a new comprehensive evaluation model for energy efficiency were established. Overall, the outpatient department exhibited superior performance compared to the inpatient department. These evaluation models can help owners and decision-makers in the identification of environmental performance in hospitals.
... Growing attention and awareness have emerged considering the topic, especially on environmental sustainability, with several 'Building Performance Evaluation' tools developed. Those instruments are able to assess different design stages (Brambilla, Buffoli, and Capolongo 2019;Brambilla and Capolongo 2019), such as -'Achieving Excellence Design Evaluation Toolkit' (AEDET) Mahmood and Tayib 2019), 'Birthing Unit Design Spatial Evaluation Tool' (BUDSET) (Tavakoli, Emami, and Mirsaeedie 2020), 'Design Excellence Evaluation Process' (DEEP) (Harputlugil et al. 2011), 'Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design' (LEED-Healthcare) (Goehner 2020;Kang 2019;Kurtay and Jahed 2017;Xuan 2018), 'Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method' (BREEAM) (Can and Kılıç Delice 2018), 'Design Quality Indicator' (DQI) (Eryürük, Kürüm Varolgüneş, and Varolgüneş 2022) and many more (almost 23 healthcare design instruments ) -to what end, are linked to certification bodies, prescriptive evaluations and technical requirements that might vary region by region and it is difficult to extract strategic improvement directions. Therefore, a heterogeneous data weighing method is required to identify and differentiate the value of each building factor aiding wayfinding while healthcare buildings are being developed. ...
The goal of this study is maintained as the process of establishing and validating an evidence-based approach for assessing the quality of hospital’s wayfinding from an environmental standpoint and creating an evaluation tool for the building’s wayfinding performance (WP). To do this, the integrated Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique was utilized to examine the independent linkages between users’ movement dynamics based on Factor Analysis and the D-ANP (Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) based Analytical Network Process (ANP)) method. In this regard, experts gave each model’s variable a weight and a significant value. Thus, findings show that experts classified sixteen indicators into three dimensions in the proposed model: physical data (with 50% influence on building wayfinding (BW)), environmental representation data (with 33% influence on BW), and symbolic data of the environment (17% influence on BW). In validating the scheme, the findings met the case criteria, demonstrating tool’s practical feasibility.
... The important elements in the design of therapeutic spaces are: creating integration between indoor and outdoor spaces, creating interaction between the patient and landscape design elements, the possibility of reducing noise pollution in the space, creating a suitable or green landscape, creating quality in indoor spaces, creating a sense of belonging to The space, the understanding of the space through paying attention to the needs of the patient, the existence of spaces for interaction between patients, the possibility of making changes in the furniture and arrangement, the possibility of adjusting the temperature and humidity conditions of the space, the appropriateness of the dimensions of the spaces, the use of designs and colors related to the mood of the patients. The presence of appropriate and controllable light results in reducing anxiety and stress in the patient and creating relaxation and improving environmental behaviors, reducing the duration of hospitalization, increasing the pain tolerance threshold, increasing the patient's enjoyment of the space, and the possibility of communicating with the space (9,10). ...
Objectives: According to the available evidence, changes in the design of medical centers, which can create a more comfortable, pleasant, and natural environment, have reduced the patient tensions and increased their satisfaction with the quality of treatment in the given centers. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the architecture and design of a supportive care environment on the treatment process in hospitals adopting a qualitative study design. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted to investigate the effect of an optimal supportive care environment in hospitals based on the experiences and opinions of experts, university professors of architecture, and doctors in hospitals. To this end, experts were interviewed qualitatively and, then, eight main themes as well as 22 sub-themes were classified by performing content analysis. Furthermore, the effect of the environment on the patients, treatment control length, blood pressure control, and subjective nature of the disease’s impact, as well as the effect of social relations on the vital signs, comprehensiveness and acceptability, place of using the supportive care model and a completely mechanical attitude towards humans in the modern period were all evaluated. Results: The effect of the optimal supportive care environment on the patients’ treatment processes was confirmed by qualitatively reviewing the experts’ viewpoints and collecting comprehensive information from other sources. Conclusions: In sum, it was recommended that that the heads of the hospitals should consider the concepts of optimal supportive care environment when designing and/or reconstructing hospitals.
... Materials & textures [103] • Color helps in spatial identification • Color conspicuity and information comprehensibility are hard to consolidate simultaneously [104] • The texture of the environment's finishing materials can affect navigators' safety ...
... Previous research also indicated that color should be used carefully and recommended that only a limited number of contrasting colors be used, due to the possibility of users, especially those undergoing highly stressful circumstances, not distinguishing and memorizing subtle nuances [103,118]. Materials and finishes of the interior environment also seem to influence wayfinding: literatures suggest an effect on safety, specifically avoiding slippery flooring which can lead to injuries [104,119]. ...
Wayfinding is considered to be one of the most demanding challenges to be performed by hospitals’ users. Wayfinding has been an interest among researchers from different fields, such as architecture, interior design, cognitive psychology, and facilities management, to name a few. Previous scholars have highlighted the need for a holistic framework taking into consideration both user and environmental factors. A narrative review of the literature was carried out to understand the full extent of the issue and address the ever-increasing demand for a holistic assessment framework. This article attempts to address the underlying gap by proposing a comprehensive framework that takes into account both facets of the issue through a narrative review of the literature to some of the most prominent research attempts to address the problem of wayfinding in complex healthcare settings. Furthermore, the proposed framework can assist both researchers and practicing professionals by providing a comprehensive understanding of the issue of complex wayfinding as well as of the variables to be investigated in the assessment process.
