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![PLMN Service Area (Courtesy: [2])](profile/Kuboye-Moses/publication/269651787/figure/fig2/AS:667620407787525@1536184517398/PLMN-Service-Area-Courtesy-2.png)
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![Figure 1. PLMN Service Area (Courtesy: [2])](profile/Kuboye-Moses/publication/269651787/figure/fig2/AS:667620407787525@1536184517398/PLMN-Service-Area-Courtesy-2_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 2. GSM Network Elements (Source: [2])](profile/Kuboye-Moses/publication/269651787/figure/fig1/AS:307370937864192@1450294350030/GSM-Network-Elements-Source-2_Q320.jpg)
Presently, there is a wide establishment of mobile computing across the globe and the number of subscribers worldwide including Nigeria is on the increase every day. It started with mobile voice communication and has gradually been extended to the capability of sending and receiving data across the cellular networks. Also, the coming of this techno...
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... areas. The cell is the area given radio coverage by one base transceiver station. The GSM network identifies each cell via the Cell Global Identity (CGI) number assigned to each cell. The Location Area (LA) is a group of cells and subscribers are paged in the area. One or more base station controllers serve each LA, but with a single MSC (see Fig. 1). Each LA is assigned a Location Area Identity (LAI) number. An MSC/VLR service area represents the part of the GSM network that is covered by one MSC and which is reachable, as it is registered in the VLR of the MSC. The PLMN Network area is an area served by one network ...
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With its great features like providing access to users at anytime and anywhere in the world, mobile communication has been very attractive among the users as well as operators and service providers. However, despite of several advantages, mobile communication has also been facing many security problems. In 2G and 3G technologies like GSM, GPRS and...
Third generation (3G) of cellular network with Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) has reached an expansion stage which allows for using this communication technology in the area of telerobotic. The support of mobility, the availability of wireless communication, and the provided bandwidth are typical major criterion for the evaluatio...
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... Intensive processes of informatization and intellectualization are taking place in society. If at the beginning of the XXI century few people used mobile communication [1,2], and the Internet was just gaining strength, today we are on the threshold of interactive television, increasing the speed of information processing, creating various databases. areas of network and cloud systems, smartphones, tablets, intelligent robots. ...
... Mobile computing is a mechanism to transmission [7] of data to and from one mobile device to another devices and compute within the mobile devices. When mobile and computing combined into a single unit it is also known as mobile computing. ...
... It has High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) standards. HSDPA deployment supports 1.8 Mbps, 3.6 Mbps, 7.2 Mbps and 14.4 Mbps in downlink data applications, with shorter connection and response times while HSUPA support the up-link speeds up to 5.76 Mbps [7]. The third generation (3G) brought the quest for data at higher speeds to open the gates for mobile broadband experience which was further realized by the fourth generation (4G). ...
... 3G is based on two parallel infrastructures consisting of circuit switched and packet switched network nodes respectively, while 4G is based on packet switching only. It consists of end-to-end IP solution with better quality data, video and sound services due to high bandwidth, and convergence of networks services such as enterprise, fixed and cellular [7]. The design target for radio performance is to achieve a scalable capacity from 100 Mbps high speeds and above compared to the 3G best performance of 14.4 Mbps using HSDPA and other 3G technologies. ...
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is designed to revolutionize mobile broadband technology with key considerations of higher data rate, improved power efficiency, low latency and better quality of service. This work analyzes the impact of resource scheduling algorithms on the performance of LTE (4G) and WCDMA (3G) networks. In this paper, a full illustration of LTE system is given together with different scheduling algorithms. Thereafter, 3G WCDMA and 4G LTE networks were simulated using Simulink simulator embedded in MATLAB and performance evaluations were carried out. The performance metrics used for the evaluations are average system throughput, packet delay, latency and allocation of fairness using Round Robin, Best CQI and Proportional fair Packet Scheduling Algorithms. The results of the evaluations on both networks were analysed. The results showed that 4G LTE network performs better than 3G WCDMA network in all the three scheduling algorithms used.
... In conclusion, university students in Nigeria are using their smartphones and tablets to support learning inside and outside the classroom. There is no doubt that patronage in mobile learning is going to increase as communication [30], particularly in Nigeria which is ranked among the largest mobile markets in Africa. The article ends with recommendations and future research work. ...
Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets are becoming increasing popular among students, setting out a new way to communicate, collaborate and learn. The use of portable devices has the capability to inspire new approaches to learning. It is therefore important to examine the students " viewpoints about the educational use of mobile technology in supporting the learning process. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of mobile devices for learning purposes by exploring the kinds of interactions that students in Nigerian universities have with their portable gadgets. A sample of 240 higher education students participated in the study by completing the researchers " questionnaire. The results of the study indicate the students use their portable devices to exchange education-related messages and academic files with classmates, search the internet and library databases for academic materials, practice online quizzes or tests and hold discussions with classmates among others. The statistical analyses result show that there is no significant difference in the students " use of mobile devices based on gender.
... Japan had invented the cellular communication system in late 1970s and it was the main paradigm in that time (Bamidele Moses, 2014). While 4G is the name to port generation of wireless technologies. ...
Fourth Generation (4G) mobile systems has been used more widely than the older generations 3G and 2G. Among the reasons are that the 4G's transfer rate is higher and it supports all multimedia functions. Besides, its' supports for wide geographical locus makes wireless technology gets more advanced. The essential goal of 4G is to enable voice-based communication being implemented endlessly. This study tries to evaluate if the old protocols suit with this new technology. And which one has the best performance and which one has the greatest effect on throughput, delay and packet loss. The aforementioned questions are crucial in the performance evaluation of the most famous protocols (particularly User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP)) within the 4G environment. Through the Network Simulation-3 (NS3), the performance of transporting video stream including throughput, delay, packet loss and packet delivery ratio are analyzed at the base station through UDP, TCP and DCCP protocols over 4G's Long Term Evaluation (LTE) technology. The results show that DCCP has better throughput and lesser delay, but at the same time it has more packet loss than UDP and TCP. Based on the results, DCCP is recommended as a transport protocol for real time video.
The federal government has long had a need for highly secure communications. The National Security Agency (NSA) is responsible for the wide range of technologies to secure these communications. They realized, recently, that the development times for government encryption technology was not keeping pace with the rapid evolution of commercial mobile technologies; together with a realization that commercial technologies exist to meet the requirements for the federal government. Specifically, NSA has published specifications on their website to operationalize these capabilities. Commercial Solutions for Classified (CSfC), the NSA term for commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) secure communications, coupled with published capability packages allows a developer to field a secure communications solution rapidly built entirely on COTS technology. The architecture, proposed in this paper, will address the rapidly evolving commercial mobile security market and will address fully leveraging commercial technologies to field the latest technologies in the shortest amount of time and at the lowest cost. With the NSA move to commercial technologies and the commercial market moving to enhanced security for “standard commercial users,” there is an emerging convergence of these two approaches. The initial work has revealed effective architectural constructs to support the wide range of emerging applications of this promising approach from NSA.
