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Own group bias in discrimination (d') and criterion (c), across delayed matching and recognition tasks. Error bars are standard errors of the mean. At matching, both black and white participants show the OGB in d', but only the white participants show the OGB at recognition. The interactions between stimulus group and participant group are not significant.
Source publication
Face recognition is biased in favour of in-group identity, particularly strongly for race or ethnicity but to some extent also for sex and age. This ‘own group bias’ (OGB) can have profound implications in practical settings, with incorrect identification of black suspects by white witnesses constituting 40% of criminal exonerations investigated by...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... pertinent to our concerns was the three-way interaction of participant group, stimulus group, and task condition -or in other words, the two-way interaction of participant group and stimulus group (the OGB effect) considered as a function of which task was being completed. As Table 1 shows, this effect was significant, and Figure 4 shows the effect graphically. Follow-up contrasts showed that, in the delayed matching task, both groups of participants were better at matching their own-group faces: black South Africans were better at matching black South African faces than white South African faces (Mblack-black=0.98 ...
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Background
The use of photography in plastic surgery has become standard of practice in recent years. Patient photographs have diverse utility and can be used to visualize medical progression, and as an educational and marketing tool. With increased publication of patient photographs outside the healthcare records, it is important to understand pat...
Citations
... The inclusion of Black participants in the present study is especially valuable as the vast majority of studies examining looking patterns for own and other-race faces include Asian and/or White participants [3,[5][6][7][8]10,11,[13][14][15]23,[33][34][35][36], while only the Hills and Pake [12] study includes Black participants. Indeed, Black participants are rarely included in any studies of the ORB (but see [37,38]), although this is changing recently (see, e.g., [9,[39][40][41][42]). As such, any eye-tracking study of the ORB that includes Black participants contributes novel information. ...
The own-race bias (ORB) is an effect in which humans remember faces from their own race better than faces from another race. Where people look when processing faces of different races plays a role in this effect, but the exact relationship between looking and the ORB is debated. One perspective is that the same facial features are important for memory for faces of all races and the ORB emerges when people look longer at the useful features for own- than other-race faces. Another perspective is that different facial features are useful for faces of different races and the ORB emerges when people look longer at features that are useful for their own race than at features that are useful for other-race faces. The present study aimed to discriminate these perspectives by examining looking patterns in Asian, Black, and White participants while they learned and later recognized Asian, Black, and White faces. Regardless of their race, participants looked at different facial features depending on the race of the face. In addition, different features were useful for memory depending on the race of the face. As such, results are in line with the perspective that different facial features are useful for different race faces.
