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Overview of the sampling sites (in yellow) and land cover classes of the surrounding areas in Central Illinois. Sampling sites with high developed levels: Baker, FireStation, and Lincoln. Sampling sites with intermediate developed levels: BoyScout, Kaufman, SouthFarms, Sportsman, and YMCA. Sampling sites with low developed levels: Brownfield and FtDaniel.
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The vectorial capacity of mosquitoes, which influences the dynamics of vector-borne disease transmission, is intricately linked to mosquito abundance and the composition and diversity of their associated microbiomes. However, the influence of environmental factors on mosquito populations and microbiome diversity remains underexplored. Here we exami...
Citations
... For instance, they could influence hydrology and the resulting availability and quality of larval developments sites for the primary WNV vectors. Other possible mechanism inlcude changes to habitat suitability for avian species with potential impacts on abundance and composition of avian communities; effects on local temperatures with ramifications for mosquito life histories and viral amplification rates; effects on predators [20] or mosquito microbiome composition [21], or by changing heterogeneity across the landscape in any of these factors. ...
... restuans was most strongly positively affected by the amount of impervious surface surrounding the collection locations, while the extent of canopy cover showed a negative relationship. An association between developed landcover and Culex abundance has previously been noted, although the negative relationship between canopy cover and Culex abundance differs from a previous study in central Illinois that found higher rates of oviposition in areas with greater canopy cover [21,68]. The mechanisms involved in the observed pattern could include a correlation between impervious surface and availability of larval development sites such as stormwater catch basins that could promote abundance. ...
Greenspaces are integral to the urban environment and affect climate resilience, yet the extent to which they affect mosquito and West Nile virus (WNV) host populations and behavior is not clear. To address this question, we collected mosquitoes along a transect spanning a range of urban development. Mosquitoes were tested for West Nile virus, and the host species that were fed on determined for blood-fed specimens. Bird counts and camera traps were used to assess avian and mammal species availability. Different components that contribute to WNV transmission intensity responded to different landcover variables. Abundance of Culex mosquitoes was most strongly tied to impervious surface, while prevalence of infection was associated with increasing amounts of turf grass. The amount of turf was itself correlated with a measure of avian community reservoir competence. Blood meal analysis suggested the majority of blood meals in the ornithophagic species Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans came from American robins and northern cardinals, with the latter in particular being overutilized relative to their abundance in sites with higher WNV prevalence. This work furthers our understanding of how the design of urban greenspaces could benefit from consideration of vector-host-virus interactions.
... The lower Simpson value indicated higher species diversity. The closer Pielou e is to 1, the more uniform the distribution of species abundance [25]. ...
... Rainfall is a crucial climatological variable for predicting the abundance of mosquitoes, particularly for the genus Culex, as its volume and distribution directly impact the production and size of mosquito breeding sites (Yan et al. 2021). However, excessive rainfall can negatively affect other species by destroying their breeding grounds, as seen with Anopheles minimus (Theobald, 1901), which relies on slow-flowing streams (Fansiri et al. 2024). ...
Assessing the climatic impacts on abundance of Mansonia annulifera, Ma. indiana, and Ma. uniformis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Central Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 4736-4744. Mansonia mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors for transmitting filarial nematodes, including Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti, which cause lymphatic filariasis in humans. In this study, we used a Poisson regression model to evaluate the impact of climatic variables atmospheric pressure, rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed on the abundance of three Mansonia mosquito species, including Ma. annulifera, Ma. indiana, and Ma. uniformis in Central Thailand. Over the period from November 2021 to October 2022, we collected the mosquitoes in three villages: Rua Village, Wat Khok Ket Village, and Khlong Bang Kae Village using BG-Pro CDC-style traps equipped with dry ice, BG-lure, and an ultraviolet light system, operating from 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM for three consecutive days each month. Our analysis revealed significant associations between several climatic factors and mosquito abundance. For Ma. annulifera, each unit increase in temperature and relative humidity significantly increased mosquito abundance by 83.2% and 16.2%, respectively (p<0.05). In contrast, increases in wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall correspondingly decreased abundance by 57.6%, 10.3%, and 0.7% (p<0.05). For Ma. indiana, rises in temperature, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall notably increased mosquito counts by 119.3%, 30.1%, and 0.6%, respectively (p<0.05). Conversely, an increase in wind speed led to a significant reduction of 43.2% (p<0.05). In the case of Ma. uniformis, temperature, and rainfall positively influenced mosquito abundance by 114.5% and 0.7%, respectively (p<0.05), while a rise in relative humidity resulted in a 3% reduction (p<0.05). These findings have significant practical implications, providing crucial insights into predicting future shifts in mosquito populations in response to climatic changes, thereby empowering the surveillance and control of mosquito-borne diseases in this region.
... Cx mosquitoes, notably Cx quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens, are especially abundant in tropical and subtropical metropolitan areas where environmental factors and urban expansion promote their growth 28,29 . ...
Disease-carrying insects transmit many of the most serious human diseases. After decades of repeated use of insecticides, all of these vector species have demonstrated the ability to develop resistance to insecticides. This has necessitated the development of more efficient and environmentally safe alternatives in the form of biopesticides. Plants contain a wide range of potential phytochemicals that target a specific target, are rapidly biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and have a variety of therapeutic effects, making them a treasure trove of biological materials. Moreover, this has led to the creation of highly effective new drugs. The present study aims to demonstrate the specific active components in Physalis peruviana calyces that were collected in two consecutive fruiting seasons through UPLC/MS and multivariate data analyses. The extracts were prepared using 70% methanol/water and petroleum ether for each season, then evaluated against disease-carrying vectors, Culex pipiens and Musca domestica. The UPLC/MS analysis resulted in the tentative identification of fifty-four secondary metabolites belonging mainly to flavonoids, phenolic acids, withanolides, triterpenoids, phenyl propanoids, and many others. After various intervals of exposure, plant extracts in this study showed high insecticidal activity against mosquito and housefly larvae, Cx. pipiens, and M. domestica. Data showed that P. peruviana methanol extract (POM) appeared to be most effective (MO%) against Cx. pipiens (LC50 = 8.18 mg/ml) and M. domestica larvae (LC50 = 9.87 mg/ml), 24 h post-treatment. The relative toxicity revealed that the old P. peruviana extract (POM) was the most effective in killing larvae, followed by the POP extract, while the modern extracts (PNM and PNP) were less successful on mosquito and housefly larvae. Thus, Physalis peruviana calyx extracts can act as a potential biocontrol agent against certain medical insects.
Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant public health challenge globally. Our study focused on the seasonal diversity of mosquito species in the connecting areas of the Tenasserim (also known as Tanaosri) range forests in Thailand. Additionally, we employed the geometric morphometric technique to assess variations in wing size and shape among five predominant mosquito species. Throughout the study period, we collected a total of 9,522 mosquitoes, encompassing 42 species across eight genera. In these connecting areas of forests, the Simpson index and Shannon species diversity index were recorded at 0.86 and 2.36, respectively, indicating a high level of mosquito diversity. Our analysis using the Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM) test showed significant seasonal differences in mosquito communities, with an R-value of 0.30 (p < 0.05) in the lower connecting areas and 0.37 (p < 0.05) in the upper connecting areas. Additionally, canonical correspondence analyses showed that the abundance of each mosquito species is influenced by various climate factors. Phenotypic analyses of wing size and shape have deepened our understanding of local adaptation and the seasonal pressures impacting these vectors. Notably, most species exhibited larger wing sizes in the dry season compared to other seasons. Additionally, seasonal assessments of wing shape in five predominant mosquito species revealed significant differences across seasonal populations (p < 0.05). Ongoing monitoring of these populations is crucial to enhancing our understanding of the seasonal effects on mosquito abundance and physiological adaptations. These insights are essential for developing more effective strategies to manage mosquito-borne diseases.
