Figure - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Overview of different toxic metals and their effects.
Source publication
Increasing anthropogenic practices for industrialization and rapid gloalization have contributed to problems of metal – induced toxicity, results in severe environmental deterioration. In the current scenario, heavy- metals contamination is a major threat to living beings of the world because of these toxic metals persist in the environment for a p...
Citations
... Such adaptive responses are critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis and minimising oxidative damage due to heavy metals [157]. Moreover, the use of aesthetic plants in phytoremediation not only assists in cleaning the environment but also adds to the beauty of landscapes, giving a dual benefit to the system [158]. ...
... For instance, Bougainvillea sp. was cited as a good lead accumulator in urban environments, indicating how the plant could help clean up the environment from heavy metal contaminants [165]. Similarly, different ornamental species have been studied for their heavy metal sequestration potential and have become substantial in environmental remediation [158]. ...
Several ornamental species have demonstrated adaptive features that could increase their resilience to the current climate emergency but could also be linked to invasiveness in non-native environments. The present review examines the responses of ornamental plants’ grown in the Mediterranean region to relevant abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, heavy metal toxicity, and atmospheric N deposition, emphasising physiological and biochemical responses that allow them to adapt to unfavourable environments. These response mechanisms, although useful for landscaping under challenging climate change effects, would help non-native ornamental plants outcompete native flora, change ecosystem functioning, and ultimately contribute to a loss in biodiversity. Effective management practices for sustainable landscaping ensure the sensible use of native species and the development of non-invasive cultivars to minimise ecological risks. This review attempts to provide information on the ornamental and environmental functions of plants in landscape architecture through the relationships between aesthetic and ecological values under abiotic stress, including their negative environmental impact due to their invasive potential.
