Fig 5 - uploaded by Graham stuart Hardy
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Outline of 2nd dorsal and anal fins, illustrating relative insertion points. P. macmillani (upper), P. pilosus (middle), P. xaniurus (lower).
Source publication
Parmaturus (Parmaturus) macmillani n. sp. is described from 2 female examples, trawled about 20 km north-west of the Three Kings Islands, New Zealand, in 985–1003 m. It differs markedly from the other species in the subgenus Parmaturus Garman by its larger denticle size, less rounded mouth opening, the posterior insertion of the second dorsal fin b...
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Citations
... Rare. Compagno et al. (2005), Hardy (1985). ...
... Amongst these were representatives of some poorly known elasmobranch genera, including members of the catshark genus Parmaturus Garman. Five nominal species are presently assigned to this group and three of them occur in the Indo-Pacific: P. melanobranchus (Chan, 1966) and P. pilosus Garman, 1906 from China and Japan, and P. macmillani Hardy, 1985 from New Zealand and south of Madagascar (Compagno et al., 2005). However, the status and composition of Parmaturus, as well as the scyliorhinid genera Galeus Rafinesque and Halaelurus Gill, have been questioned because of the intrageneric variability of some diagnostic features, such as the presence or absence of a crest of enlarged denticles on the upper caudal lobe (Garman, 1913;Springer, 1979;Séret, 1987;Compagno, 1988;Compagno and Stevens, 1993). ...
... The new species were compared to the Indo-West Pacific species of the genus Parmaturus: P. pilosus Garman, 1906, P. melanobranchus (Chan, 1966) and P. macmillani Hardy, 1985. ...
Four new species of rare scyliorhinid catsharks are provisionally assigned to the genus Parmaturus: P. lanatus sp. nov. from Indonesia, P. albimarginatus sp. nov. and P. albipenis sp. nov. from northern New Caledonia, and P. bigus sp. nov. from northeastern Australia. These species differ from each other by a combination of body morphology, denticle shape, dentition, colour and vertebral counts. An identification key to the Indo-Pacific Parmaturus species is provided. Comments on the diagnostic features separating the genera Halaelurus and Parmaturus are given.
... Amongst these were representatives of some poorly known elasmobranch genera, including members of the catshark genus Parmaturus Garman. Five nominal species are presently assigned to this group and three of them occur in the Indo-Pacific: P. melanobranchus (Chan, 1966) and P. pilosus Garman, 1906 from China and Japan, and P. macmillani Hardy, 1985 from New Zealand and south of Madagascar (Compagno et al., 2005). However, the status and composition of Parmaturus, as well as the scyliorhinid genera Galeus Rafinesque and Halaelurus Gill, have been questioned because of the intrageneric variability of some diagnostic features, such as the presence or absence of a crest of enlarged denticles on the upper caudal lobe (Garman, 1913;Springer, 1979;Séret, 1987;Compagno, 1988;Compagno and Stevens, 1993). ...
... The new species were compared to the Indo-West Pacific species of the genus Parmaturus: P. pilosus Garman, 1906, P. melanobranchus (Chan, 1966) and P. macmillani Hardy, 1985. ...
Four new species of rare scyliorhinid catsharks are provisionally assigned to the genus Parmaturus: P. lanatus sp. nov. from Indonesia, P. albimarginatus sp. nov. and P. albipenis sp. nov. from northern New Caledonia, and P. bigus sp. nov. from northeastern Australia. These species differ from each other by a combination of body morphology, denticle shape, dentition, colour and vertebral counts. An identification key to the Indo–Pacific Parmaturus species is provided. Comments on the diagnostic features separating the genera Halaelurus and Parmaturus are given.
The genus Dichichthys was resurrected for five species previously allocated to the genus Parmaturus in the family Pentanchidae. Supraorbital crests on the chondrocranium distinguish Dichichthys from Parmaturus and other members of the family Pentanchidae. A new family, Dichichthyidae, has been proposed to contain Dichichthys. The sequence of the NADH2 mitochondrial gene confirms the placement of Dichichthys outside of the Pentanchidae family, as well as separate from the Atelomycteridae and Scyliorhinidae families. Dichichthys albimarginatus was described using a holotype collected off the coast of New Caledonia. A second juvenile specimen collected off the coast of Papua New Guinea was tentatively assigned as D. cf. albimarginatus. Dichichthys bigus is known from the holotype collected in the Coral Sea off the coast of Queensland, Australia. A new, parasite-afflicted underwater observation was reported further north of Queensland. The type species Dichichthys melanobranchus, previously only known from juvenile specimens, was redescribed based on adult specimens. Dichichthys nigripalatum is known from the holotype collected off Sumbawa, Indonesia, and a tentatively identified photo record from West Java. Dichichthys satoi n. sp. is described from the West Norfolk Ridge and off the North Island of New Zealand. Members of the genus Dichichthys have unique curved egg cases which have pliable ridges made up of numerous fibres and long coiled tendrils on the posterior end.
This paper summarises the preliminary work completed towards a quantitative ecological risk assessment for the effects of fishing on deepwater chondrichthyans in the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO) Convention Area. Gears assessed include demersal and midwater trawl, line gears (demersal longline and dropline) and gillnet gears. The outputs of the preliminary Productivity-Susceptibility Analysis (PSA) are expected to change based on refinement of the attributes used in the analysis, including through a process of expert input.
Galeus springeri n. sp. is described from the Caribbean Sea and was previously included with the subspecific complex of Galeus arae (Scyliorhinidae). It is distinguished from congeners by the combination of the presence of a ventral precaudal crest of enlarged denticles, longitudinal striped pattern, and greater number of monospondylous and diplospondylous vertebrae. Galeus springeri is sympatric with Galeus arae antillensis and is found off the Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, and Cuba.
The marine environment presents unique visual challenges for a range of organisms, particularly those dwelling at great depths, where sunlight may either be absent or drop to very low levels. Under these environmental conditions, the visual system must maximise light absorption in order to enhance the detection of prey, predators and potential mates. Using stereological analysis of retinal wholemounts, the distribution and number of photoreceptors (rods) was determined for 5 deep-sea shark species from a range of depths (46-1,500 m). All species possessed areas of increased photoreceptor density (with peaks between 41,000 and 82,000 rods/mm(2)) within discrete regions of the retina. The total number of rods in the photoreceptor layer also varied between 17 × 10(6) and 63 × 10(6). It is evident that increasing sensitivity of the retina is an important adaptation to life in the deep sea. The location of discrete areas of high cell density within the photoreceptor layer of the retina corresponds to discrete areas of the visual field that are sampled at a higher intensity, hence increasing sensitivity. The location of these areas of increased sensitivity differed between the species of this study. The disparity of areas of increased sensitivity seen between species is thought to reflect distinctive predator avoidance and prey capture strategies. This study reveals that the visual demands of deep-sea sharks vary interspecifically and that sampling of each species' visual field is not solely determined by its habitat. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Two species of shark and two species of teleost trawled from the upper continental slope of the New Zealand 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in 1985 and 1986 are new records for the New Zealand region: Pseudotriakis microdon (Carcharhiniformes, Pseudotriakidae), Mitsukurina owstoni (Lamniformes, Mitsukurinidae), Macrorhamphosodes uradoi (Tetraodontiformes, Triacanthodidae), and Cyttopsis roseus (Zeiformes, Zeidae). The first three are new family records.
