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Outgroup f3-statistics comparing genetic affinities of Mesolithic and Neolithic groups a, Heatmap showing shared genetic drift estimated by outgroup f3-statistics of the form f3(Mbuti; X, Y) between all EHG-related groups published to date. Lighter colours indicate higher f3 values which corresponds to higher shared genetic drift. b, Scatterplot of outgroup f3-statistics measuring shared drift between Neolithic and Chalcolithic groups to Anatolia and Levant PPN. Groups from the Caucasus cluster are shown in red and brown symbols. The trend line is given by the red dashed line. Error bars indicate ± 1 s.e. and were calculated using a weighted block jackknife across all autosomes on the 1,240,000 panel (nSNPs = 1,150,639) and a block size of 5 Mb.
Source publication
The Caucasus and surrounding areas, with their rich metal resources, became a crucible of the Bronze Age¹ and the birthplace of the earliest steppe pastoralist societies². Yet, despite this region having a large influence on the subsequent development of Europe and Asia, questions remain regarding its hunter-gatherer past and its formation of expan...
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Citations
Commentary by Paul Heggarty on: Lazaridis et al. (2025): 'The genetic origin of the Indo-Europeans'
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08531-5