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Otto Hahn and Meitner worked together in Emil Fischer's institute in the University of Berlin from 1907 to 1912. Electroscopes were used for measuring alpha and beta radiation. Credit: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Archives, Berlin.
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Lise Meitner was among the great physicists whose work spanned the development of atomic and nuclear physics in the 20th century. She identified herself as a physicist above all else, but she was also a ‘non-Aryan’ who lost nearly everything when forced out of Germany, and a woman whose success did not transfer into exile. When nuclear fission was...
Citations
... Durante esse período, porém, o partido Nazista ganhou o apoio da população e assumiu o poder, o que minou a carreira em ascendência de Meitner. Em 1933 Lise teve o seu contrato com a Universidade suspenso e teve de trabalhar como pesquisadora às escondidas, até 1938, quando foi denunciada por um colega nazista e se viu obrigada a deixar a Alemanha, partindo ilegalmente e refugiando-se na Suécia, onde teve o amparo de seu sobrinho, também físico, Otto Frisch (Sime, 2002), com quem realizou parceria durante esse tempo. Durante seu refúgio, Meitner permaneceu em contato com Otto Hahn. ...
... entrevistas Hahn quase nunca mencionou seu trabalho colaborativo com Lise (Sime, 2002). Segundo Sime (2002), Meitner sempre foi uma pessoa muito reservada, nunca autorizou uma biografia, assim como nunca teve interesse em escrever sobre si. ...
... entrevistas Hahn quase nunca mencionou seu trabalho colaborativo com Lise (Sime, 2002). Segundo Sime (2002), Meitner sempre foi uma pessoa muito reservada, nunca autorizou uma biografia, assim como nunca teve interesse em escrever sobre si. Também são raros os textos de sua autoria que não versam sobre física. ...
... Hahn alone received the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this discovery, even though Meitner had long been his collaborator and her theoretical explanation considered seminal. Despite being nominated several times, she never received a Nobel (Sime 2002). ...
Contributions from men to radiation science are well known, particularly the early contributions from such luminaries as William Roentgen, James Chadwick, Niels Bohr, Robert Oppenheimer, and the like. Although not ignored per se, beyond Marie Curie and Lise Meitner, the contributions of female nuclear scientists are not as widely recognized. This paper provides a concise historical summary of contributions to radiation science from the discovery of radiation through the current status of international leadership within the radiation protection community. Beyond lead scientists and academics, this paper also considers support personnel as well as the role women have played in the advancement of radiation epidemiology.
There has been a long history of women innovators producing outstanding contributions to society and public benefit yet having their work passed over or sidelined or attributed to male colleagues. This phenomenon has been coined the Matilda Effect. The amendments to the record of human achievements are now taking place, with an increasing pace in recent times due to greater social enlightenment and awareness and the interest in social justice. However, there remains a gap that must be addressed. In this article, we demonstrate the disparity in scientific recognition for a handful of case studies through search data collected via Google Trends and plotted as time-series figures and choropleth maps. Search trends reflect a noticeable divergence between recognition of female and male innovators. However, we note that in more well-known cases of the Matilda Effect, such as the historical account of Rosalind Franklin vs. James Watson and Francis Crick, the differences become less pronounced, emphasizing the importance of publicizing recognition. In response to this revelation, this article presents the stories of several women innovators and their great achievements. We identify the truth behind several discoveries and inventions, while revealing the full nature of this historical problem of social exclusion.
La física nuclear, desde sus raíces teóricas con Einstein hasta sus aplicaciones prácticas contemporáneas, se presenta como una herramienta prometedora para enfrentar desafíos energéticos actuales. El artículo aborda la travesía de esta ciencia, desde el concepto declinado del éter, pasando por la fisión y sus implicaciones, hasta la promesa de la fusión, imitando el proceso del sol. A través de técnicas avanzadas, se resalta la obtención de combustibles nucleares y la potencialidad de su uso. Pero más allá de su capacidad técnica, el artículo destaca la importancia de la divulgación y comprensión científica. Una sociedad informada es esencial para aprovechar éticamente el poder nuclear y contribuir a un futuro más sostenible. En resumen, el documento ilumina cómo la física nuclear, con su potencial y desafíos, puede ser esencial en la construcción de un mundo energética-mente equitativo y ambientalmente armonioso.
The splitting of atoms, also known as nuclear fission, produces radiation and radioactivity. Dr Lise Meitner discovered how radioactivity could be produced in 1939. She found that firing a small particle called a neutron into another atom could cause radiation to be released. Radioactive atoms created in this way can be useful for detecting cancer or checking whether the body’s organs are working properly. When radioactive atoms are injected into the blood of a patient, they travel through the body and release radiation that can be detected using special cameras, creating images or videos of the body’s tissues. In this way, radiation helps doctors to better diagnose and treat patients. Unfortunately, Dr Meitner faced many obstacles and was never credited officially for her key discovery of nuclear fission.
Student attitudes toward science and scientists were measured with a survey distributed to introductory physics students in a combined class consisting of elementary education majors and general education students. For the control group of students, only the biographical material in the textbook (which was not required reading) was available to students. Brief biographical materials on women scientists were presented to the experimental group of students, and, although this material was not tested on homework or exam questions, it changed student knowledge of women scientists, and also student perceptions of scientists.
Abstract Eva von Bahr (1874–1962) got her doctorate in experimental physics at the Physics Institute at Uppsala University in 1908. Subsequently she became the first woman assistant professor in physics in Sweden. In the face of many obstacles, she worked as a physicist for six years in Uppsala and Berlin. In 1914 she took a position as a school teacher. This article explores von Bahr’s trajectory through academic experimental physics. It is argued that network connections with male scientists enabled her work. Her associations were a mix between institutional relationships and informal connections, resulting in what is labeled a ‘hybrid of connections’. Furthermore it is argued that von Bahr became an ‘outsider within’ in academic experimental physics. Her connections created openings, but these coexisted with hindrances. It is argued that von Bahr oscillated between being an insider and an outsider which created a fractured identity. Her position and identity was a mix between membership and non-membership. Through examining von Bahr’s career this article aims to bring together historical research on women in science and theoretical work in science studies. Furthermore, the article argues the analytical value of feminist perspectives on scientific collaborations as a way to a deeper understanding of the network structures of science.
