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Oscillograms in a 5-seconds time-window, showing temporal features of representative advertisement calls of the five species in the frog community. Represented are four calls from a call series of H. labialis, three calls from a call series of C. subpunctatus, three calls from a call series of E. nervicus, a six-note call of E. elegans, and a 14-note call of E. bogotensis.
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Vocal activity was studied in a Colombian highland-frog community, consisting of five frog species belonging to three families with three different reproductive modes, which reproduced simultaneously in the area. We encountered one diurnal and four nocturnal species. Each species had a distinct call structure, and the 24-hour patterns of calling ac...
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... temporal structure of the advertisement call was species specific (Fig. 1). Hyla labialis, E. nervicus, and Colostethus subpunctatus made one-note calls, grouped in series with low numbers of calls in the first two species, and with high numbers in the latter species, whereas the other two Eleutherodactylus- species made multi-note calls, separated by long si- lent intervals. The calls of E. nervicus, E. ...
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Cannaphila Kirby is a neotropical genus with three species; C. insularis Kirby, 1889, C. mortoni Donnelly, 1992, and C. vibex (Hagen, 1861). The first one includes two subspecies; C. i. insularis and C. i. funerea (Carpenter, 1897). Cannaphila i. funerea occurs from southern USA (Texas) to Colombia (Garrison 1986). Reports from The Antilles are exc...
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... The negative association between body size and the dominant frequency in frogs is well established (e.g. Duellman & Pyles 1983;Lüddecke et al. 2000;Gingras et al. 2013;Tonini et al. 2020;Arriaga-Jaramillo et al. 2023), and this is consistent with our results: smaller males in Cerro Tokio (16.39 ± 0.17 mm) presented higher dominant frequencies than bigger males in Cerro El Inglés (19.22 ± 0.04 mm). However, the sample size is too small to draw reliable conclusions because some works have also shown that this allometric rule is not followed by all anuran species (e.g. ...
The advertisement calls that frogs emit in a reproductive context are among the most conspicuous and studied acoustic signals. They play a significant role in interspecific recognition, mate selection, and territoriality and can be used in different fields such as taxonomy, ethology, ecology, and evolutionary studies. In Colombia, around 40% of the recognized frog species have descriptions of their calls in the literature. However, the Cordillera Occidental in the tropical Andes and the Strabomantidae family are underrepresented in the literature despite the huge species diversity they hold. Here, we described the advertisement calls of eleven frog species belonging to three families from three localities at high elevations in the Cordillera Occidental, which have been inaccessible to scientific research due to security concerns. We describe the advertisement calls of five Pristimantis species for the first time and estimated the daily acoustic activity patterns of four Pristimantis species. Our findings enhance the number of known advertisement calls for anuran species from one of the least-represented regions and families in the country. In addition, they provide important information regarding the natural history of four Pristimantis species that could be used as a baseline for future long-term population studies.
eprint link: https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/BX7J3CWTKFDVAKNJFMCG/full?target=10.1080/01650521.2023.2266187
... Frogs compete for all kinds of resources during the breeding season including food, mates, calling sites, and the soundscape. Anurans also split resources in many ways including temporal (Kopp and Eterovick, 2006;Lima and Magnusson, 1998;Littlejohn and Martin, 1969;Llusia et al., 2013;Lötters et al., 2004;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Prado et al., 2005;Wood et al., 2023), spatial (Bignotte-Giró et al., 2019;Kopp and Eterovick, 2006;Llusia et al., 2013;Lötters et al., 2004;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Prado et al., 2005;Wood et al., 2023), and spectral partitioning of resources (Allen-Ankins and Schwarzkopf, 2022;Bignotte-Giró et al., 2019;Lötters et al., 2004;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Villanueva-Rivera, 2014). While amphibian activity and reproduction depend on water and is inherently tied to the climate, relatively fewer studies have described how the environment affects resource partitioning in amphibians. ...
... Frogs compete for all kinds of resources during the breeding season including food, mates, calling sites, and the soundscape. Anurans also split resources in many ways including temporal (Kopp and Eterovick, 2006;Lima and Magnusson, 1998;Littlejohn and Martin, 1969;Llusia et al., 2013;Lötters et al., 2004;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Prado et al., 2005;Wood et al., 2023), spatial (Bignotte-Giró et al., 2019;Kopp and Eterovick, 2006;Llusia et al., 2013;Lötters et al., 2004;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Prado et al., 2005;Wood et al., 2023), and spectral partitioning of resources (Allen-Ankins and Schwarzkopf, 2022;Bignotte-Giró et al., 2019;Lötters et al., 2004;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Villanueva-Rivera, 2014). While amphibian activity and reproduction depend on water and is inherently tied to the climate, relatively fewer studies have described how the environment affects resource partitioning in amphibians. ...
... Frogs compete for all kinds of resources during the breeding season including food, mates, calling sites, and the soundscape. Anurans also split resources in many ways including temporal (Kopp and Eterovick, 2006;Lima and Magnusson, 1998;Littlejohn and Martin, 1969;Llusia et al., 2013;Lötters et al., 2004;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Prado et al., 2005;Wood et al., 2023), spatial (Bignotte-Giró et al., 2019;Kopp and Eterovick, 2006;Llusia et al., 2013;Lötters et al., 2004;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Prado et al., 2005;Wood et al., 2023), and spectral partitioning of resources (Allen-Ankins and Schwarzkopf, 2022;Bignotte-Giró et al., 2019;Lötters et al., 2004;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Villanueva-Rivera, 2014). While amphibian activity and reproduction depend on water and is inherently tied to the climate, relatively fewer studies have described how the environment affects resource partitioning in amphibians. ...
Understanding how species coexist is one of the main goals in ecology. While many have documented how species coexist in nature, there is much interspecific and spatial heterogeneity in which resources are partitioned and in the contributing environmental factors. Overall, we lack a general understanding of how stable coexistence is maintained for particular groups of organisms. Thus, we studied how climate relates to temporal acoustic partitioning in two frog species, Pseudacris sierra and Anaxyrus boreas at Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve - 'Ootchamin 'Ooyakma in Woodside, USA. We predicted that P. sierra prefers cooler temperatures, greater humidity, less wind, and less ultraviolet radiation relative to A. boreas. We collected climatic data and a total 1,380 hours of audio from 3PM to 1AM from January to June of 2022. We then trained a convolutional neural network model to identify our study species with 97.63% testing accuracy and manually estimated the model’s precision and true positive and false negative rates which showed adequate statistical properties. Next, we used a zero-inflated generalized linear mixed model to determine the climatic factors influencing overall and relative amphibian activity at Jasper Ridge. We found warmer temperatures and less wind were associated with overall calling activity, while only UV index affected the relative call abundance of P. sierra and A. boreas. P. sierra was unaffected by UV index while A. boreas calling activity showed a positive relationship with UV index. These results indicate sunlight and diel activity (diurnality and nocturnality) are the primary drivers of temporal acoustic partitioning in this system. We also describe how interspecific male-male competition and wind may result in signal interference which indirectly reduces sexual conflict by limiting access to conspecific females, increasing female fitness in a frequency-dependent fashion, thus promoting coexistence. Finally, we discuss the importance of noise and light pollution in relation to species coexistence in urban environments and describe several ways to improve signal-to-noise ratios for machine learning applications.
... calling at different times). However, evidence for a relationship between spectral and temporal overlap in different groups of animals is mixed (Knapton, 1987;Farina & James, 2016;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Planque & Slabbekoorn, 2008;Sueur, 2002;Tobias et al., 2014). In frogs, temporal avoidance can occur through (1) seasonal avoidance, in which species call on different nights within the breeding season, (2) within-night avoidance, in which species call at different times in the night from one another or (3) individual call level avoidance, in which individuals of one species place their calls in the gaps between calling bouts of other species (Gerhardt & Schwartz, 1995). ...
Vocalizing animals often occur in complex acoustic environments where there is a high chance of acoustic interference from co-occurring species with spectrally overlapping vocalizations. Acoustic interference impedes detection and discrimination of signals, and may ultimately reduce fitness. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between spectral overlap and temporal overlap in a tropical savannah frog community. We predicted that species pairs that overlap spectrally would behaviourally respond to one another by avoiding calling at the same time, to minimize acoustic interference. We determined the calling activity of 14 frog species at four locations across 4 months during peak breeding season. We then determined the difference between observed and expected temporal overlap for all species pairs as a function of spectral overlap at three temporal scales (night-minute-call). There was potential for acoustic interference between many of the species studied with the calls of up to half of the species pairs at each site overlapping spectrally. There was no relationship between spectral overlap and observed–expected temporal overlap at either the night or minute level. Instead, calling activity was aggregated at both the night and minute level. Evidence of a negative relationship between spectral overlap and temporal overlap was found at the call level, with species pairs with greater mean spectral overlap calling together less frequently than expected. The observed aggregated calling at the night and minute level suggest that at gross timescales, factors other than avoiding spectral overlap are driving calling activity in tropical savannah frog communities. The call level avoidance found in this study may be sufficient for spectrally overlapping species pairs to avoid the negative effects of acoustic interference, allowing them to call during the same nights and at similar times to take advantage of favourable environmental conditions.
... Chorusing males may alternate or synchronize their vocalizations with neighboring males (Grafe, 1999;Bosch and Marquez, 2002;Bastos et al., 2011;Toledo et al., 2015;Dias et al., 2017). Sympatric anuran species often vary in their daily pattern of vocal activity as well as in the spectral characteristics of their songs, thus decreasing acoustic overlap and increasing communication efficiency (Lüddecke et al., 2000;Littlejohn, 2001). This process, called acoustic partitioning, consists of altering the time of starting an acoustic activity in the presence of other concurrent vocalizers (Farina, 2014). ...
Choruses are commonly observed phenomena in both terrestrial and aquatic environments and are the product of species vocalizing contemporaneously usually at dawn and dusk. This study analyzes the composition and temporal distribution of anuran choruses at a recently built artificial pond in Southeast Brazil. Data were collected using Passive Acoustic Monitoring devices set to record 24-hours per day, seven days a month, throughout an entire year (October 2016 to September 2017). A total of eight species participated in the studied choruses: Boana albopunctata , Boana faber , Boana lundii , Phyllomedusa burmeisteri , Physalaemus cuvieri , Rhinella ornata , Rhinella diptycha and Scinax aff. perereca . The number of species, call emission rate, temperature, and humidity were all higher before midnight and during the rainy season. The species differed significantly in mean call rate by hour at which they sang. Boana faber and B. albopunctata were the species with the greatest vocal activity in both seasons, and were predominantly responsible for initiating choruses in the rainy season, while R. diptycha and B. lundii initiated choruses in the dry season. Anuran choruses started around 18:30 h during the rainy season and varied according to the time of sunset, while they started later in the dry season and were not correlated with sunset time. There was a positive correlation between the number of species calling and the call emission rate per month in both seasons. The results show that the choruses were correlated with climatic factors and that the species distributed their vocalizations over time, thus reducing acoustic overlap.
... Previous studies in neotropical anuran assemblages have demonstrated species segregation in calling time, call frequency or calling site (Lüddecke et al., 2000;Boquimpani-Freitas et al., 2007;Santos and Rossa-Feres, 2007;Santos Protázio et al., 2015). However, most of these papers have studied assemblages formed by several genera and families of anurans with a diversity of reproductive strategies, which could be confounding factors that add complexity to the analyses (Villanueva-Rivera, 2014). ...
... In multi-generic anuran communities, it is common to find species with different diel calling patterns, including twilight species and species with bimodal calling periods (e.g. Navas, 1996;Mohr and Dorcas, 1999;Bridges and Dorcas, 2000;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Garcia-Rutledge and Narins, 2001;Boquimpani-Freitas et al., 2007). However, when considering only species in the same genus, it is unusual to find different calling patterns: in all of the previously cited papers, species in the same genera have similar diel calling patterns. ...
... In fact, all of the studied Eleutherodactylus are mostly twilight or nocturnal callers, including those living in multigenera assemblages (i.e. Navas, 1996;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Boquimpani-Freitas et al., 2007) and those in assemblages formed only by species of this genus, such as those in the Antillean islands (i.e. Drewry and Rand, 1983;Ospina et al., 2013;Ríos-López and Villanueva-Rivera, 2013;Villanueva-Rivera, 2014). ...
Acoustic segregation is a way to reduce competition and allows for species coexistence within anuran communities. Thus, separation in at least one acoustic niche dimension is expected, which also contributes to achieving effective communication among frogs. Here we studied an assemblage of five terrestrial egg-laying anuran species, all in the genus Eleutherodactylus, in a montane rainforest in eastern Cuba. Our aim was to determine if partitioning exists between these species in any dimension (time, signal frequency or space) of the acoustic niche. The studied assemblage had the following characteristics: (1) there was one diurnal species, two species with calling activity throughout the day and two species that call at night; (2) only two species overlapped in call frequencies and most had different calls, both in terms of dominant frequencies and in temporal characteristics; and (3) males of the species that overlapped in vocalizing time or signal frequency used different calling microhabitats or heights. This study provides evidence for the acoustic niche hypothesis in anurans, showing low probabilities of interference in sound communication among these frogs. The five species were separated in at least one of the three acoustic dimensions (calling time, frequency and site) as it occurs in mainland communities with more sympatric species of several genera. Conversely, species in single-genus communities studied in Puerto Rico overlapped completely in calling times. This seems to be due to the higher number of sympatric species at our site.
... Latimer & Broughton 1984;Bukhvalova 2006;Diwakar & Balakrishnan 2007;Jain et al. 2014]), amphibians (e.g. Drewry & Rand 1983;Duellman & Pyles 1983;Lüddecke et al. 2000;Chek et al. 2003;Amézquita et al. 2006) and birds (e.g. Planqué & Slabbekoorn 2008;Luther 2009). ...
Diel partitioning of singing, which has been observed from the tropics to the temperate regions, is among the various mechanisms of sound partitioning found in multispecies cicada assemblages and is regarded as an important mechanism of coexistence. Using playback experiments, we studied interspecific interference between two Japanese cicadas, Cryptotympana facialis and Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata, which exhibit similar peak frequencies in their calling songs and different diel patterns of song activity. We found that the males of the two species had different song response patterns: C. facialis responded significantly more to conspecific calling songs than G. nigrofuscata. These results suggest that male C. facialis have evolved more intense conspecific song recognition than G. nigrofuscata. This may cause male G. nigrofuscata to avoid destructive acoustic interference during their active singing time.
... Latimer & Broughton 1984;Bukhvalova 2006;Diwakar & Balakrishnan 2007;Jain et al. 2014]), amphibians (e.g. Drewry & Rand 1983;Duellman & Pyles 1983;Lüddecke et al. 2000;Chek et al. 2003;Amézquita et al. 2006) and birds (e.g. Planqué & Slabbekoorn 2008;Luther 2009). ...
Diel partitioning of singing, which has been observed from the tropics to the temperate regions, is among the various mechanisms of sound partitioning found in multispecies cicada assemblages and is regarded as an important mechanism of coexistence. Using playback experiments, we studied interspecific interference between two Japanese cicadas, Cryptotympana facialis and Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata, which exhibit similar peak frequencies in their calling songs and different diel patterns of song activity. We found that the males of the two species had different song response patterns: C. facialis responded significantly more to conspecific calling songs than G. nigrofuscata. These results suggest that male C. facialis have evolved more intense conspecific song recognition than G. nigrofuscata. This may cause male G. nigrofuscata to avoid destructive acoustic interference during their active singing time.
... Animals generally exhibit preference for microhabitats containing specific environmental characteristics, including the vegetation architecture, substrate composition and microclimatic conditions (Reinert, 1993;Tozetti et al., 2010). One of the most evident advantages of microhabitat selectivity is avoidance of competition (Schoener, 1974;Diaz and Valencia, 1985;Lüddecke et al., 2000), which can result in niche segregation among species (Crump, 1974;Cardoso et al., 1989;Rossa-Feres and Jim, 1994). Microhabitat preferences are can be affected by seasonal events, such as the reproductive cycle. ...
The selection of appropriate calling sites is a key aspect in the reproductive strategy of nearly all anurans. We evaluated if males of the South American tree frog (Hypsiboas pulchellus) select calling sites in undisturbed subtropical wetlands based on specific habitat cues. The study was designed to represent a snapshot of the male calling activity under low densities of intra- and interspecific competitors and little variation of climatic conditions. We characterized calling sites by measuring the vegetation attributes and flood levels of calling sites occupied by 59 males and comparing them to available microhabitats. We found that males exhibit some degree of selectivity for calling sites, often selecting microhabitats with greater density of vegetation < 50 cm tall. Calling site selection was not affected by water depth or area flooded. Most individuals vocalized in sites near the ground (≤ 25 cm), a pattern that is the contrary to that expected to maximize sound propagation. We suggest that, due to the open habitat of the studied area, the choice of calling sites is more related to the need for shelter from predation and avoidance of desiccation and heat loss than to bioacoustic performance.
... Kết quả tương tự ở loài Hylodes heyreri (svl: 33, 9-37,9 (trung bình 36+0,9) mm, (r= -0,06, n=15) [8], loài Litoira rheocola (r=-0,32) [5], Agalychnis moreletii (r= -0,34) [2]. năm loài ếch vùng cao colombia, mỗi loài có một cấu trúc tiếng kêu khác nhau và tần số trội tiếng kêu giảm khi svl tăng, loài nào có kích thước lớn hơn thì tần số trội tiếng kêu của thấp hơn: loài Colostetthus subpunctatus: svl: 17,8±0,9 mm, r= -0,03, n=15, tần số trội: 4113±219 hz, Eleutherodactylus nervicus (svl: 21,4±2,1 mm, r=0,16, n=15, tần số trội: 2539±226 hz), Eleutherodactylus bogoeensis (svl: 23,8±1,4 mm, r=0,07, n=17, tần số trội: 2384±168 hz), Eleutherodactylus elegans (svl: 38,9±1,1mm, r=0,40, n=16, tần số trôi: 1585±105 hz), Hyla labialis (svl: 52,2±3,0 mm, r=0,002, n=7, tần số trội: 1110±99 hz) [9]. Ở một số loài ảnh hưởng của svl lên tần số trội tiếng kêu rõ ràng, lớn hơn loài Occidozyga lima, loài Gryllotalpa major (r=-0,87; n=8) [6], loài Acris crepitans (r=-0,83; n=59) [10]. ...
Te present study investigates the correlation of SVL and advertisement calls of Occidozyga lima in Yen Tanh District, Nghe An Province. Te calls of 184 individuals were recorded at three sampling times in rice felds. SVL of the males ranges from 15.3 to 34.4 mm and the weight ranges from 1.3 to 3.4 g. Te temperature at recording time was 20.3-37.5°C and the approximate humidity at recording time was 82-100%. SVL has a positive correlation with the number of notes in a call (R2=0,50), call duration (R2=0,64) and note duration (R2=0,53). SVL has a negative correlation with the call median frequency (R2=0,37) and the repetition rate of the note (R2=0,35).
... There are various examples of spatio-temporal niche partitioning in frogs, most of which relate to their acoustic signals in complex assemblages (Duellman & Pyles, 1983;Lüddecke et al., 2000;Check, Bogart & Lougheed, 2003;Amézquita et al., 2011). Recent studies, however, have shown that such partitioning could also be related to colouration, and occur at an intraspecific level. ...
The role of colours and colour patterns in behavioural ecology has been extensively studied in a variety of contexts and taxa, while almost overlooked in many others. For decades anurans have been the focus of research on acoustic signalling due to the prominence of vocalisations in their communication. Much less attention has been paid to the enormous diversity of colours, colour patterns, and other types of putative visual signals exhibited by frogs. With the exception of some anecdotal observations and studies, the link between colour patterns and the behavioural and evolutionary ecology of anurans had not been addressed until approximately two decades ago. Since then, there has been ever-increasing interest in studying how colouration is tied to different aspects of frog behaviour, ecology and evolution. Here I review the literature on three different contexts in which frog colouration has been recently studied: predator–prey interactions, intraspecific communication, and habitat use; and I highlight those aspects that make frogs an excellent, yet understudied, group to examine the role of colour in the evolution of anti-predation strategies and animal communication systems. Further, I argue that in addition to natural-history observations, more experiments are needed in order to elucidate the functions of anuran colouration and the selective pressures involved in its diversity. To conclude, I encourage researchers to strengthen current experimental approaches, and suggest future directions that may broaden our current understanding of the adaptive value of anuran colour pattern diversity.
