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Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most popular common major vegetable crops worldwide. This study evaluated the nutritional content of seven commercial eggplant fruits in terms of fatty acid, mineral, sugar, organic acid, amino acid and polyamine contents. The most abundant fatty acid was linoleic acid (range, 39.14-53.81%, ave. 45%), a...
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Evaluation and prediction of the performance of hybrids is important in eggplant (Solanum melongena) breeding. A set of 10 morphologically highly diverse eggplant parents, including nine inbred S. melongena and one weedy S. insanum accessions, were intercrossed according to a half-diallel mating design without reciprocals to obtain 45 hybrids. Pare...
In this study, which was carried on in controlled circumstances, the effects of the increasing doses of vermicompost implementation [0 (VC1), 3 (VC2), 5 (VC3), 7(VC4), %] on the P and K contents of pepper (capsicum annuum L.) and eggplant (solanum melongena L.) have been investigated. When P and K analysis results of pepper and eggplants analyzed w...
Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) is an important vegetable cultivated in Asia, Africa and southern Europe and, following tomato and pepper, ranks as the third most important solanaceous vegetable crop. The Dof (DNA-binding with one finger) family is a group of plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth, developme...
Evolutionary studies conducted on NAC (NAM, ATAF1&2, and CUC2) genes for all major groups of land plants, indicate the presence of the NAC subfamilies, even in the early land plants. The varied roles played by NAC proteins in plant growth and development range from the formation of shoot apical meristem, floral organ development, reproduction, late...
Background: Enough information about the actual amount of individual phytochemicals in vegetables and the amount absorbed and utilized is not known.
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... However, it was seen that polyunsaturated fatty acids could inhibit SREBP-1c, thus reducing adipose tissue mass overproduction and potential metabolic complications associated with obesity [17,22]. African eggplants like Solanum melongena and S. aethiopicum have been demonstrated to be rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids [23,24]; for this reason, it was decided to evaluate the effect of the Lucanian S. aethiopicum peel extract on SREBP-1c demonstrating its ability in reducing its expression. The extract was indeed able to prevent the upregulation of this transcription factor induced by OA treatment ( Figure 2c). ...
... Altogether these results provide evidence of the potential role of the Lucanian S. aethiopicum peel extract in contrasting the expression of mediators involved in the onset of dyslipidemia. This antilipidemic activity may be related not only to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids [23,24] but also to the presence of hydroxycinnamic acids like chlorogenic acid and flavonols like quercetin [12]. Previous investigations showed indeed their ability to inhibit HMGCR by binding this receptor similarly to a known drug used for treating dislipidemia pathologies, simvastatin [25]. ...
Obesity is widely associated with intestine barrier impairment, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) outbreaks, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In a previous investigation, the Solanum aethiopicum L. growing in Basilicata Region has demonstrated to have antioxidant activity; hence this investigation was aimed to evaluate for the first time the antilipidemic and anti-inflammatory activity of the Lucanian S. aethiopicum L. peel extract in vitro on OA-treated HepG2 and Caco-2 cell lines. It was shown that the extract could reduce lipogenesis by down-regulating SREBP-1c and HMGCR expression and fatty acid β-oxidation by up-regulating PPARα, CPT1A, and UCP2 expression. In addition, the S. aethiopicum L. peel extract might also improve oxidative stress by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulating the Nrf2 and Nf-κB molecular pathways. Altogether, these results demonstrated for the first time the possible application of the Lucanian S. aethiopicum peel extract for preventing obesity and managing NAFLD.
... Considering that high DM and TSS are desirable traits for the food industry since they enhance the quality of the processed product [51], there are several genotypes discriminated in each parameter. Τhe higher the TSS, the higher the flavor, since TSS contains organic acids (mostly malic and citric acid), sugars and amino acids, which are key taste components of eggplant fruit [52,53]. In accordance with the current results, previous studies of eggplant reported that TSS ranged from 1.27 to 3.94 °Brix [54], from 0.74 to 2.13 °Brix [44] and from 2.8 to 6.5 °Brix [31]. ...
Eggplant is an economically important vegetable with a potential for functional food production, mainly due to its high fruit antioxidant capacity. The goal of the present study was to investigate the main physicochemical and antioxidant parameters, and assess the bioactive profiles, of 19 eggplant genotypes of diverse origin, including Greek commercial varieties and hybrids, landraces and the related species S. macrocarpon. For that reason, the physicochemical traits (dry matter, pH, total soluble solids and total acidity) were assessed in the eggplant fruit and some important bioactive compounds (total phenols (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), total monomeric anthocyanin (TAC), chlorogenic acid (CA) and its isomers neo- and crypto-CA) were assessed both in fruit pulp and peel. In addition, the antioxidant capacity was assessed according to ABTS•+, DPPH• and FRAP assays. The results revealed significant differences between the studied genotypes for all the evaluated traits, for both fruit parts. Solanum macrocarpon showed a distinct bioactive profile and was superior for most of the pulp traits (TFC, neo-CA, crypto-CA, ABTS•+, DPPH• and FRAP). Among the eggplant materials, the landrace ‘KD054/07′ had very high values for pH and some pulp traits (TPC, CA, ABTS•+ and FRAP), while the commercial F1 hybrid ‘Nilo’ was superior for dry matter and most of the peel traits (TPC, TFC, ABTS•+ and FRAP). The Greek commercial variety ‘Langada’ performed well for TAC and peel CA, ABTS•+ and FRAP, while ‘Tsakoniki’ had very high anthocyanin and pulp TPC content. These results constitute a source of information for a subset of the Greek eggplant germplasm and could contribute both to the promotion of Greek varieties of high bioactive and antioxidant value, as well as to the targeted selection of parents in breeding programs.
... A global survey conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) demonstrated that the majority of eggplants are supplied by India and China [3]. Eggplants are rich in phenolic compounds (caffeic and chlorogenic acids), flavonoids (nasunin), and antioxidants (anthocyanin), which are known to offer protection against some cancers and vision impairment [4,5]. Fresh-cut eggplants attract the interest of consumers due to their convenience and health-promotion properties. ...
... The effect of different temperatures(4,16,25 • C) on browning index of fresh-cut eggplant. (a) center with seed; (b) border with seed; (c) center without seed; (d) border without seed. ...
The growing demand for fresh-cut products has led to an increasing interest in the study of enhancing the quality of ready-to-eat products. Eggplants are consumed as fresh-cut vegetables, which represent an increasing consumption rate. To extend the shelf life of the product, combination treatments have been proposed to inhibit the browning index (BI). Moreover, the storage temperature (4, 16, 25 °C), the concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) (1, 2, 3, and 4 g/L), and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (MAP-1, O2: 80 Kpa + CO2: 0 Kpa; MAP-2, O2: 5 Kpa + CO2: 15 Kpa; MAP-3, O2: 10 Kpa + CO2: 10 Kpa; MAP-4, O2: 15 Kpa + CO2: 5 Kpa; MAP-5, O2: 0 Kpa + CO2: 80 Kpa) are screened through the BI of fresh-cut eggplant. Then, the effect of AA combined with MAP on the BI, phenolic content, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of fresh-cut eggplants is investigated over four days. In particular, two different areas of fresh-cut eggplant with seed and without seed were chosen to measure the BI. The result shows that the proper temperature (16 °C) maintains the BI of fresh-cut eggplant with seed during two days through screening. The screening of AA demonstrates that AA of 2 g/L is the better concentration to protect the color of fresh-cut eggplant with seed and without seed. AA of 2 g/L shows lower BI for fresh-cut eggplant with seed and without seed in MAP-2, MAP-3, MAP-4. The combination of AA (2 g/L) and MAP-2 significantly inhibited the browning of fresh-cut eggplants with seed. The application of AA (2 g/L) combined with MAP-2 inhibits the PPO and total phenol content activity over two and three days. Taken together, using AA combined with MAP may constitute a potential approach for maintaining the quality and inhibiting the browning of fresh-cut eggplants.
... raffinose, stachyose, and galactosyl-cyclitols) are low molecular weight carbohydrates important in nutrition. Eggplant is rich in saccharides, such as fructose (13750 mg/kg), glucose (13270 mg/ kg) and, to a lesser extent sucrose (5030 mg/kg) (Ayaz et al., 2015).S. melongena also contains inositol and its derivatives which have positive effects on human health, including the treatment of insulin resistance (Michell, 2007). A molecule with therapeutic properties against Alzheimer's disease pathologies, scyllo-inositol (16 mg/kg), was also reported to be present in eggplant (Hernandez-Hernandez et al., 2011). ...
Brinjal is (Solanum melongena L.) an economic plant in the world and has several
forms, shapes and colors fruit is known for vegetables of diet food because of high
moisture content and low calorific value. However, it is a good source of antioxidants
as well as some phytonutrients which provides various therapeutic potential health
effects. It contains varieties of biologically active compounds viz. phenol, flavone,
flavonoid, and phenolic compounds. These phenolic extracts of brinjal can be used
in pharmaceutical preparations and functional foods. Polyphenols can also able
to reduce radical -mediated diseases, mainly carcinogenesis and atherosclerosis.
Anthocyanin is the most important class of flavonoid which is a water soluble natural
pigments which are well known to enhance the anti-ulcer activity and sight-acuteness.
... A serving size (200 g) of fresh tomatoes has been reported to contribute mainly to the intakes of fibre and antioxidant compounds, providing 30 to 36% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin C; but it also contributes in a moderate proportion to the reference intake values of minerals, providing 10% of the Adequate Intake (AI) for K and 5-10% of the RDA for P and Mg (Casiraghi, Ribas-Agusti, Cáceres, Marfà, & Castellari, 2013;Frusciante et al., 2007;Mohammed, Smit, Pawelzik, Keutgen, & Horneburg, 2020). Eggplants stand out for their high content in phenolics, mostly anthocyanins in the purple-coloured peel, and chlorogenic acid in the flesh (Docimo et al., 2016;García-Salas, Gómez-Caravaca, Morales-Soto, Segura-Carretero, & Fernández-Gutiérrez, 2014;Singh et al., 2009;Whitaker & Stommel, 2003), but they are also known for being a good source of minerals (Ayaz et al., 2015;Raigón, Rodríguez-Burruezo, & Prohens, 2010). In that way, in a previous comprehensive fruit quality study of 31 varieties of eggplant, a portion of 100 g of fruit was reported to provide 7.7-13.5% of the estimated daily intake for phenolics; but it also contributed 2.8-6.2% to P RDA, 3.3-5.9% ...
... Regarding all traits except phenolic compounds, compared to USDA National Nutrient Database (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2021) and data from other works, our results showed similar or higher average and higher maximum values for most of the traits evaluated in pepper (Chassy et al., 2006;Eggink et al., 2012;Fratianni et al., 2020;Guilherme, Reboredo, Guerra, Ressurreição, & Alvarenga, 2020;Lo Scalzo, Campanelli, Paolo, Fibiani, & Bianchi, 2020;Mennella et al., 2018), tomato (Casals et al., 2019;Cebolla-Cornejo et al., 2011;Chassy et al., 2006;Hallmann, 2012;Martí et al., 2018;Martínez-Valverde, Periago, Chesson, & Provan, 2002), and eggplant (Ayaz et al., 2015;Hanson et al., 2006;Luthria et al., 2010;Raigón et al., 2010;San José et al., 2013). Furthermore, ranges of values between our experiment and the others overlapped to a greater or lesser extent; e.g., β-carotene content values for pepper in Mennella et al. (2018), dry matter results for tomato in Martínez-Valverde et al. (2002) or Mg contents for eggplant in Ayaz et al. (2015). ...
... Department of Agriculture, 2021) and data from other works, our results showed similar or higher average and higher maximum values for most of the traits evaluated in pepper (Chassy et al., 2006;Eggink et al., 2012;Fratianni et al., 2020;Guilherme, Reboredo, Guerra, Ressurreição, & Alvarenga, 2020;Lo Scalzo, Campanelli, Paolo, Fibiani, & Bianchi, 2020;Mennella et al., 2018), tomato (Casals et al., 2019;Cebolla-Cornejo et al., 2011;Chassy et al., 2006;Hallmann, 2012;Martí et al., 2018;Martínez-Valverde, Periago, Chesson, & Provan, 2002), and eggplant (Ayaz et al., 2015;Hanson et al., 2006;Luthria et al., 2010;Raigón et al., 2010;San José et al., 2013). Furthermore, ranges of values between our experiment and the others overlapped to a greater or lesser extent; e.g., β-carotene content values for pepper in Mennella et al. (2018), dry matter results for tomato in Martínez-Valverde et al. (2002) or Mg contents for eggplant in Ayaz et al. (2015). Contrarily, higher average contents were found for a few compounds in other works than ours, including total phenolics and K for pepper in the USDA National Nutrient Database, and K in Guilherme et al. (2020); protein, β-carotene, total phenolics and all mineral compounds for tomato in the USDA National Nutrient Database, all minerals except K in Fernández-Ruiz, Olives, Cámara, Sánchez-Mata, and Torija (2011), and total phenolics in Hallmann (2012); finally, for eggplant, vitamin C in Ayaz et al. (2015), and Na in Raigón et al. (2010). ...
The study of the diversity within and between major Solanaceae crops (pepper, tomato, eggplant) is of interest for the selection and development of balanced diets. We have measured thirty-six major fruit composition traits, encompassing sugars, organic acids, antioxidants and minerals, in a set of 10 accessions per crop for pepper, tomato and eggplant, grown under the same cultivation conditions. The aim was to evaluate the diversity within species and to provide an accurate comparison of fruit composition among species by reducing to a minimum the environmental effect. Pepper, tomato and eggplant had a clearly distinct composition profile. Pepper showed the highest average content in total sugars and organic acids. Fructose and glucose were the major sugar compounds in the three species, although in pepper and tomato sucrose was present only in trace amounts. Citric acid was the major organic acid in pepper and tomato, while in eggplant it was malic acid. Pepper and eggplant had the highest total antioxidant activity. Vitamin C content was much higher in pepper than in tomato and eggplant, while eggplant accumulated high concentrations of chlorogenic acid. Furthermore, eggplant was the species with higher content in most minerals, particularly for K, Mg and Cu, while pepper was the richest in Fe. Due to their complementary nutritional profiles, a combined regular consumption of the three vegetables would supply more than 20% of the Dietary Reference Intake of several of the analysed phytochemicals. The large diversity within each species is of interest for selecting varieties with better nutritional and organoleptic profiles, as well as for breeding new cultivars.
... In addition, microelements such as Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were found in small concentrations being 0.99, 7.61, 5.80 and 4.50 mg/100 g, respectively. The data obtained in the present study are more or less in accordance with those reported by (Arivalagan et al. 2012;Arivalagan et al. 2013;Eze andKanu 2014 andAyaz et al. 2015). Generally, eggplant is a rich source of K and Na. ...
This research was undertaken to find out the effects of different cooking methods on bioactive compounds of eggplant. The effect of freezing and storage on microbial growth and sensory properties of the common Egyptian dish called Baba ghanoush were also studied. The results showed that eggplant contained a high percentage of crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, and total ash. It can be noted that the mineral contents of fresh eggplant were Ca, Mg, Na and K as the major minerals. On the other hand, the results of total phenolics in the fresh, dry fresh, oven and steamed samples were 9.32, 75.78, 42.31 and 41.53 mg/100 g, respectively as gallic acid equivalent. The total flavonoids of the different eggplant treated samples varied between 0.46 to 0.7 mg equivalents of quercetin per 100 g. The results indicated that the antioxidant activity as well as IC50 of fresh, dry fresh, oven and steamed samples were 8.82, 87.20, 82.78, 90.23 and 10.86, 1.18, 1.21 and 1.12, respectively. Also, eighteen phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC. The color attributes L*, a*, and b* in case of Baba ghanoush prepared from oven eggplant slightly decreased with increasing the storage period. Significant reduction was noted in microbial growth with increasing the storage period up to 4 months in case of Baba ghanoush prepared either from oven and steamed eggplant. Sensory attributes of Baba ghanoush were well accepted by the panelists even after 4 months of storage.
... Eggplant is also appreciated for its nutritional composition as several researchers have shown it to be a good source of proximate, mineral and vitamin (Kamga, Kouame, Atangana, Chagomoka and Ndango, 2013;Agoreyo, Obana and Obanor, 2012). Food materials such as protein, fibre, carbohydrate, moisture and ash have been implicated to be present in S. melongena (Ayaz, Colak, Topuz, Tarkowski, Jaworek, Seiler and Inceer, 2015). More so, Chuku and Agbagwa (2018) further showed the occurrence of calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, iron and magnesium in the fruit of garden eggplant. ...
... (Nwodo et al., 2011). Similar proximate values were reported by Ayaz et al., (2015). The fibre, protein and ash values in this study are lower than those reported in other leafy vegetables (Etong, Ayeni, Ajayi and Oladimeji, 2013). ...
Study on the nutrient compositions of four varieties of garden egg (Solanum melongena) was
carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University. The
four varieties of garden egg assessed were Aubergine, local garden egg (Anara), yellow and
green coloured garden eggs. Proximate composition analysis gave the following values for
carbohydrate (8.05±0.011) and fibre (1.15±0.02) in the green garden egg variety, with the local
garden egg recording the highest values for protein and lipid (1.5±0.001 and 0.35±0.013)
respectively. Moisture value was highest in Aubergine (95.0±0.008). Analysis for mineral and
vitamin contents of the various garden egg varieties revealed the presence of magnesium,
calcium, potassium, iron, sodium and phosphorus. Vitamins A and C were also found in all the
garden egg varieties. However, the yellow garden egg recorded the highest values for calcium,
phosphorus, iron and vitamin A, with the highest amount of magnesium and sodium recorded in
Aubergine (6.1±0.21) and (6.5±0.13) respectively. Phytochemical evaluation showed that the
local garden egg variety had the highest contents of oxalate, carotenoid and polyphenol. Highest
value for saponin (0.05±0.00) was observed for the green variety. However, green and local
garden egg had equal values for phytate. Tannin was found in equal amount in the yellow and
green varieties while local garden egg and the yellow variety recorded equal amount of
flavonoid (0.05±0.001). In general, the nutrient composition of the different garden egg varieties
varied from each other. From the for going, garden egg fruit should be incorporated into diets
considering its high nutritional quality.
Key words: Solanum melongena, variety and nutrient composition
... Other authors [46] also studied the individual sugar profile in the pulp of seven eggplant cultivars (Aydin Siyahi, Pala 49, Süper pala, Kemer 27, Kadife Kemer, Topan, and Kadife) and the results showed the presence of fructose (1.242 ± 0.028 g/100 g fw to 1.379 ± 0.051 g/100 g fw), glucose (1.275 ± 0.015 g/100 g fw to 1.327 ± 0.047 g/100 g fw), and sucrose (0.109 ± 0.036 g/100 g fw to 0.494 ± 0.048 g/100 g fw) in similar concentrations compared to the present study. ...
... Other studies have been carried out for the valorization of this food matrix, evaluating the composition in functional compounds. Ayas et al. [46] studied seven varieties of eggplant fruit (Aydin Siyahi, Pala 49, Süper pala, Kemer 27, Kadife Kemer, Topan, and Kadife) and, in addition to malic acid (129.87 ± 6.78 mg/100 g fw to 181.06 ± 19.46 mg/100 g fw), they also identified the presence of other organic acids that were not detected in the present study, namely ascorbic (7.69 ± 1.21 mg/100 g fw to 11.74 ± 1.33 mg/100 g fw) and citric acids (18.98 ± 0.80 mg/100 g fw at 21.63 ± 0.35 mg/100 g fw). ...
... The fatty acids content was also studied by Ayas et al. [46], when evaluating seven eggplant cultivars. The presence of six fatty acid molecules was detected (C16:0; C18:0; C18:1; C18:2; C18:3, and C20:0), as well as the composition in SFA (Saturated Fatty Acids) of 31.44% to 36.92%, in MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) of 3.04% to 11.71%, and in PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids) of 53, 66% to 62.71%, presenting, therefore, different percentages comparing with the present study. ...
Consumers are very concerned with following a healthy diet, along with some precautions that may influence environmental impact. Solanum melongena L. is one of the most consumed vegetables due to its excellent nutritional value and antioxidant action. Associated with its high consumption, considerable amounts of agro-food wastes are produced. This work targets the valorization of this matrix, through the use of its bio-residues to study the obtention of coloring pigments, applying innovative technologies. Its nutritional value, chemical composition, and bioactive potential were evaluated, and the ultrasound-assisted extraction to obtain coloring pigments of high industrial interest was optimized. Considering the results, low contents of fat and carbohydrates and energy value were evident, as well as the presence of compounds of interest (free sugars, organic acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and phenolic acids). In addition, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential was detected. Response surface methodology was performed to optimize the extraction of natural pigments, showing a concentration of 11.9 mg/g of anthocyanins/g of extract, applying optimal conditions of time, solvent, and solid/liquid ratio of 0.5 min, 68.2% (v/v) and 5 g/L, respectively. S. melongena proved to be a good source of bioactive compounds and natural pigments, which can generate great interest in the food industry.
... It is grown as an annual plant and is one of the most consumed fruit vegetables in tropical Africa; probably the third after tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.), and before okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] [12] . Eggplant fruit is associated with high nutritional value and for its therapeutic properties [7] . Ripe mature eggplant vegetables contain high amounts of vita-min C, whose concentration increases progressively as the plant advances in maturity [7] . ...
... Eggplant fruit is associated with high nutritional value and for its therapeutic properties [7] . Ripe mature eggplant vegetables contain high amounts of vita-min C, whose concentration increases progressively as the plant advances in maturity [7] . Eggplant production tends to be confined to warm and semi-arid areas where water is more often a limiting factor in production [10] . ...
Production of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is influenced by limited soil water and fertility conditions that affect its growth and yield. The use of superabsorbent polymer (SAP), also known as slush powder and rabbit manure are among the strategies that can improve soil conditions, hence growth and yield of crops. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of SAP and rabbit manure on soil moisture, growth and yield of
eggplant. The study was conducted at Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The treatments were SAP, rabbit manure, SAP plus rabbit manure and control (without SAP or rabbit manure). Soil moisture, growth and yield parameters were determined. Superabsorbent polymer and/or rabbit manure improved soil moisture, growth and yield of eggplant compared with the control. Use of SAP had a better soil moisture retention, growth and yield comparable
to SAP combined with rabbit manure. The finding demonstrates that use of SAP and/or rabbit manure may help in better soil water and nutrient management, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas to improve growth and yield of eggplant.
... Solanaceous vegetables particularly eggplant are produced fruits that used in cooking, canned and pickled due to its contents of biological compounds such as phenols and phytochemicals which make it a rich source for human feed (Barreira et al., 2008;Gorinstein et al., 2009;Muller et al., 2011;Gull et al., 2012). It also contains many nutrients such as vitamins, amino acids, rutin and solanine (Ayaz et al., 2015;Gurbuz et al., 2018). ...
