Fig 5 - uploaded by Norbert Kilian
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Ophioglossum gomezianum in the Fartak Mts-A: habit, photograph by N. Kilian on 31.8.2002; B-E: SEM photographs of spores.-Scale: B-D = 10 µm, E = 4 µm; all from the collection YP 3234.
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... tiny perennial ( Fig. 5A) with thin horizontal rhizome, whose aerial parts are ephemeral, only to be seen during the monsoon season, is the second species of Ophioglossum, besides O. poly- phyllum A. Braun, known to occur on the Arabian Peninsula. O. gomezianum is widespread in (sub)tropical Africa, from Senegal to the Horn of Africa and from there southwards ...
Context 2
... poly- phyllum A. Braun, known to occur on the Arabian Peninsula. O. gomezianum is widespread in (sub)tropical Africa, from Senegal to the Horn of Africa and from there southwards extending to southern Africa and eastwards to India (Burrows in Burrows & Johns 2001: 8). The Arabian ma- terial somewhat differs from typical African plants. The spores (Fig. 5B-E) are more jagged than usual for O. gomezianum, but may nevertheless fall within an acceptable range of variation for the species. More serious is the lack of any persistent old leaf bases, which is normally an easy clue for the species, but the same appears to be true for plants from India. O. gomezianum gener- ally grows in ...
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... It plays a pivotal role in sustaining Yemen's delicate ecosystems, providing vital resources for livelihoods, preserving traditional knowledge and cultural heritage, and offering an array of ecosystem services. Numerous researchers have explored Yemen's biodiversity, revealing six distinct ecological zones within the country [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. These ecological zones include (1) Coastal Plains Regions (Tihama), where an impressive 264 wild plant species have been documented. ...
Plant diversity in southern Yemen is crucial for maintaining rangeland ecosystem functions. This diversity contributes to the resilience of local pastoral communities, by providing essential forage and resources. However, high stocking density has led to the overuse of palatable species, resulting in increased competition for forage. This study evaluates the nutritional value of 25 indigenous forage species from the natural rangelands of Lahij Governorate. Significant variations were observed among the Forage species, with moisture content ranging from 4 to 39.6%, crude protein from 5.5 to 21.4%, non-fiber carbohydrates from 31.8 to 66.4%, crude fiber from 8.3 to 42.65%, and ash content from 9.2 to 34.6%. Clitoria ternatea, Lycium barbarum, Senegalia mellifera, Vigna sinensis, Albizia lebbeck, and Acacia trees with crude protein content higher than 16% showed substantial potential as livestock feed due to their favorable proximate compositions. Incorporating these high-potential species into regular livestock diets could significantly enhance the sustainability and productivity of pastoral systems in southern Yemen, addressing the current fodder shortage.
... On the base of size class distribution, adequate regeneration levels are assumed, with 0.72 plants/hectare in the study area (Gebauer & Luedeling 2013). The occurrence in the coastal mountains of Yemen are recorded by Kilian & al. (2004), and in Oman by Miller & Morris (1988: 68-69, with ills.) and Ghazanfar (2003), but already Miller & Morris (1988) speculate that the 2 populations they record could be the result of an early introduction by traders from East Africa. ...
... Several workers have studied floristic composition and biological spectrum of different regions in Yemen. Previous studies reported that, there are about 2844 plant species belong to 1068 genera and 179 families in Yemen ( 2,5,6,7,11,12,13,16,17,18,20,21,28,29). ...
The present study provides a detailed depiction of the floristic composition of Lawder District which located in the Centre of Abyan between longitudinal range 45º 20¯ to 45º 50¯ E and latitudinal range 13º 00¯ to 14º 00¯ N, with and altitudinal range of 1000 masl to 2500masl. This work was carried out to identify the floristic composition in Lawder District. The floristic study of Lawder District indicated the presence of 243 species belonging to 154 genera and 58 families. The major families based on the number of species were Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Capparaceae and Boraginaceous, The biological spectrum explains that Chamephytes (35.80%), were the dominant, followed by Therophytes (25.52%, Hemicryptophytes (20.16%), Phanerophytes (14.40 %), Geophytes (2.06%), parasite (1.65 %), and Epiphytes (0.41`%). The dominance of Chamaephytes and Therophytes reveals a thero-chamaephytic phytoclimate for the investigated area.The number of species was higher in the Herbs, which was represented by 52.27% of species, followed by the Shrubs 30.45%, Trees were represented by 13.17%, Lianas were represented by 2.90% and Parasite 1.23%.
... Similarly ethnobotanically reported poisonous effects of S. puniceus led to the characterization and isolation of toxic alkaloids such as natalesine or haemanthamine, methylene dioxyphenanthridine, 1:2:3:4-tetrahydro-3-oxo-6:7-methylenedioxyÀisoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid, 4:5Àmethylenedioxy-2-oxalylbenzoic acid, Hydrastic anhydride, NÀmethylÀ2-phenylpiperonylamine, 2-phenylpiperonaldehyde along with some non-characterized components, Boit and Dopke, 1958;Ghosal et al., 1985;Friis et al., 1987;Phillipson,1987;Lovett et al., 1988;Friis and Vollesen, 1989;Hutchings and Terblanche, 1989;Hutchings,1989;Geldenhyus, 1992;Geerinck, 1993;Omagor, 1993;Alwelaie, 1994;Muasya et al., 1994;Neuwinger, 1994;Smith, 1997;Viladomat et al., 1997;Smith, 1998;Dold and Cocks, 1999;Bytebier and Bussmann, 2000;Chifundera, 2001;Kilian et al., 2004;Luke, 2004;Neuwinger, 2004;Zimudzi et al., 2006;Swanepoel, 2007;Timberlake et al., 2007;Afroz and Hassan, 2008;Lye et al., 2008;Dahmash et al., 2009;Eichemberg et al., 2009;Penney, 2009;Teklehaymanot, 2009;Richard, 2010;Adjakpa et al., 2012;Howell et al., 2012;Kirchmair et al., 2012;Tanzania et al., 2012;Adjanohoun et al., 1993;Velayos et al., 2013;Afolayan et al., 2014;Folega et al., 2014;Girma et al., 2015;Senbeta et al., 2014;Suba et al., 2014;Sukumaran and Parthiban, 2014;Andarge et al., 2015;Brintha et al., 2015;Fundiko et al., 2015;Noumi, 2015;Addi et al., 2016;Akinsoji et al., 2016;Kassa et al., 2016;Kipkorir, 2016;Marei et al., 2016;Regassa, 2016;Falls et al., 2017;Goswami and Ray, 2017;Vinodia et al., 1958;Abdela and Sultan, 2018;Al-Khulaidi, 2018 Boit and Dopke, 1958;Haerdi, 1964;Chhabra et al., 1987;Sunderland et al., 2003;Aliero et al., 2008;Mariita et al., 2011;WCSP, 2014; Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962;Dlamini and Rycroft, 1981;Abbot and Nicholson,1985;Phillipson, 1987;Cunningham, 1988;Hutchings and Terblanche, 1989;Hutchings, 1989;Wirminghaus, 1990;Goldenhyus, 1992;Veale et al., 1992;Chhabra et al., 1993;Cunningham,1993;Timberlake, 1994;Smit et al., 1995;Chapman,1996;Hutchings et al., 1996;Varga and Veale, 1997;Pooley, 1998;Dold and Cocks, 1999;Van et al., 2000;Scott, 2003;Killan et al., 2004;Strydom, 2005;Van Wyk et al., 2002;Zimudi, 2006;Swanepeol, 2007;Taylor, 2008;Babajide, 2009;Eichemberg et al., 2009;Mroczek 2009 (Table 2) and alkaloids namely hemanthidine (L), haemanthamine, metolachlor, narciclasine (E), 6-hydroxycrinamine (B) and margetine (A). Watt and Breyer-brandwijk. ...
The genus Scadoxus (family: Amaryllidaceae) is native to Africa and it comprises a great variety of ornamental , medicinal, and poisonous plant species. In India, it is represented by only a single species, Scadoxus multi-florus. The genus has a wide range of traditional uses. However, scientific validation of the traditional uses requires extensive pharmacognostic research along with toxicity and safety evaluation. Various scientific databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were utilized to search the research articles for this review. This review work is a comprehensive study of the genus Scadoxus about its taxonomy, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, toxicity, and pharmacological activities for the first time.
... Native. Tree: usually grows on cliffs and steep rocky slopes above wadis (Kilian et al., 2004) . Native. ...
THE CURRENT study presents a revision of the family Fabaceae in the flora of Lahij Governorate, South Yemen. The recorded taxa were morphologically revised, life form, lifespan, and phytogeographical affinities were analyzed. Sixty-three taxa belonging to 20 genera of three subfamilies (Caesalpinioideae, Faboideae, and Mimosoideae) were recorded. For each species, accepted name, synonyms (if any), and local distribution are given. Keys to subfamilies, genera, species, and infra-specific taxa of species are provided. The recorded taxa consist of 76.19% perennials and 23.81% annuals. Phanerophytes, chamaephytes, and therophytes were the most frequent life forms. Phytogeographical analysis revealed that the Sudano-Zambezian elements are the most dominant, forming the major constituent (¼ of the recorded plants) of the legume floristic structure. The most diverse genera were Acacia s.l. (13 taxa), Indigofera (12 taxa), Tephrosia (7 taxa), Crotalaria, and Senna (6 taxa each), accounting for about 69.84% of the total taxa recorded. Two species (Acacia hunteri Oliv. and Zygocarpum yemenense (J.B.Gillett) Thulin & Lavin) are endemic to Yemen. Besides, six species (Acacia edgeworthii T. Anders., Acacia johnwoodii Boulos, Cadia purpurea (Picc.) Ait., Crotalaria saltiana Andrews, Indigastrum costatum subsp. goniodes (Hochst. ex Baker) Schrire, and Tephrosia heterophylla Vatke) are considered near endemics.
... The former is well-known from Oman, including the north. The genus Dregea has been recorded from Yemen (Kilian et al. 2004), and, according to van der Poorten & van der Poorten (2016, p. 226), Dregea volubilis is the "only known food plant" for T. l. exoticus in Sri Lanka. However, not one of the other genera noted above, including Dregea, is known from northern Oman, and so it seems likely the only potential, locally-occurring host for T. limniace exoticus is C. procera. ...
The Blue Tiger, Tirumala limniace (Cramer), is recorded from Oman for only the second time. This Oriental Region milkweed butterfly was observed at four separate locations to the south and west of Muscat during late July and August 2020. The geographical range and infraspecific taxonomy of this butterfly are briefly reviewed, and its potential larval host-plants with respect to the Oman flora assessed. The only previous record for Oman, from Masirah Island in August 1983, has been associated with a tropical cyclone thought to have blown migrating T. limniace and other insects off course from the Gujarat region of NW India. The possible origin of T. limniace observed in Oman in 2020 is discussed.
... The only other Meliaceae in the Arabian Peninsula is Trichilia emetica Vahl, which also extends from mainland Africa to Yemen. Disjunction across the Gulf of Aden also occurs in other groups, such as Rhigozum somalense Hallier f. (Bignoniaceae; Philipson's model), and Kilian et al. (2004) mapped several other trans-Gulf of Aden endemics. During the early Miocene (c. 25 Ma), Arabia and Africa were rifted apart when the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden were formed by seafloor spreading. ...
... In Yemen, the species is known from five localities in the Hadhramaut: Al Ayn and Al Mintaq in the middle Wadi Hajr (Bazara'a et al. 1990), Al Jubah in middle Wadi Hajr, also referred to by the village names Roba and Goba (Welch and Welch 1998), Al Ghyadhat in lower Wadi Hajr (Welch and Welch 1998) and Upper Wadi Al Himae, in Shabwa governorate (Kilian et al. 2004). ...
... comm. 2004, Kilian et al. 2004). ...
Livistona carinensis is a palm species occurring in Djibouti and Yemen. It was previously also known from Somalia, but it is feared to have been extirpated in this country due to unsustainable harvesting for timber and the expansion of date palm plantations. Excluding Somalia, the known global extent of occurrence (EOO) for the species is 19,748 km2, and the area of occupancy (AOO) appears to be limited, being restricted to just 84 km2 across its present geographic range. The species is estimated to occur in no more than 3-5 threat-defined locations.
In Djibouti, the palm is known to be mainly threatened by habitat loss due to gardening activities (agroforestry systems), habitat degradation due to diversion of surface water to irrigate gardens, torrential floods and livestock grazing. Violent flash-floods, livestock grazing, and the removal of young palms inside gardens, seriously affect the regeneration of the subpopulations, and explain the senescence (ageing nature) of the individuals. These threats have been exacerbated by a drought in the region since 2009, which has led to the drying up of springs and profound changes to both the wadi bed habitats used by the palm and the hydrological regime.
In Yemen, the species is facing extensive harvesting for timber and removal in order to plant date palms, although large stands are still present at one site (Al Jubah).
Over the last 60 years (three generations), it is inferred that the global population of mature individuals of L. carinensis has declined by at least 50%. The species does not occur in any effectively protected area and conservation actions are urgently needed. The species is assessed as Endangered, but at national level, the species is facing higher extinction risk; in Djibouti it could be considered to be regionally Critically Endangered and in Somalia it is thought likely to be regionally Extinct in the Wild.
... Species diversity is a result of considerable climatic changes in former periods, which enabled different species to survive, in the different ecological habitats [1]. Previous studies reported that, there are about 2844 plant species belong to 1068 genera and 179 families in Yemen [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The system of Raunkiaer is the most and worldwide accepted, which is based upon the principle of position and degree of protection of the buds during the adverse climate condition. ...
... When the species were completely dried, each individual specimen was mounted on a herbarium sheet. Specimens of all plants were identified and named with the aid of relevant floras and available revisions [3,6,. All the plants species were classified on the basis of life forms as defined by Hassib [55] and Raunkiaer [56], to determine the phytoclimate of the area. ...
This paper enumerates 542 plant species belonging to 289 genera in 89 families of vascular plants collected from Toor Al-Baha district, Lahej governorate, Yemen, during 2008-2015. The Poaceae has the, relatively highest number of species (50 sp., 9.23%) followed by Asteraceae (38 sp., 7.01%), Euphorbiaceae (34 sp., 6.27%), Asclepiadaceae (30 sp., 5.54%), Fabaceae (28 sp., 5.17%) and Acanthaceae (26 sp., 4.80%). A genus represented by the greatest number of species is Euphorbia (19 species). Classification based on life form indicates that the chamaephytes (38.19%) comprise the largest proportion of the plants in the study area, followed by therophytes (28.60%) and phanerophytes (20.85%). The present results revealed that there are three parasitic species belong to two families these are: Cistanche phelypaea and Cistanche rosea (Orobanchaceae) and Striga angustifolia (Scrophulariaceae). Sixty three succulents taxa belong to eighteen families were recorded in the flora of the study area, among these families three are the richest ones (Asclepiadaceae 17, Euphorbiaceae 11 and Aloaceae 6).
... Species diversity is a result of considerable climatic changes in former periods, which enabled different species to survive in the different ecological habitats. Previous studies reported approximately 2838 plant species belonging to 1068 genera within 179 families (Boulos, 1988;Wood, 1997;Thulin et al., 2001;Kilian et al., 2002Kilian et al., , 2004Al-Khulaidi, 2013a). To date, seven new records of vascular plants were added to Yemen flora (Mohamed et al., 2014;Al-Hawshabi, 2014, 2015a, 2015b, 2016Al-Hawshabi et al., 2015). ...
... When the species were dried properly, each individual specimen was mounted on a herbarium sheet. Specimens of all plants were identified and named with the aid of relevant floras and available revisions (Collenette, 1999;Chaudhary, 1999Chaudhary, , 2000Chaudhary, , 2001aChaudhary, , 2001bThulin, 1993Thulin, , 1995Thulin, , 1999Thulin, , 2006Ghazanfar, 2003Ghazanfar, , 2007Wood, 1997;Boulos, 1999Boulos, , 2000Boulos, , 2002Boulos, , 2005Kilian et al., 2004;Karim & Fawzi, 2007a, 2007b. Plants species were classified on the basis of life forms as defined by Raunkiaer (1934) and Hassib (1951), and determined the phytoclimate of the area. ...
... Plants species were classified on the basis of life forms as defined by Raunkiaer (1934) and Hassib (1951), and determined the phytoclimate of the area. The chorology of the recorded taxa was retrieved from the literature, K€ onig (1988), White & Leonard (1991), Wood (1997), Al-Farhan (1999), Khedr (1999), Kilian et al. (2002Kilian et al. ( , 2004, Mashaly & Awad (2003), Al-Nafie (2004, 2008, Attar et al. (2004) ...
The present study deals with the floristic composition of the flora, life forms and phytogeographical affinities in Al-Asabah region, Ash Shamayatayn district, Taiz governorate, Yemen, during the year 2013. In this research 34 families, 63 genera and 82 taxa were identified. Among them were 6 species of Pteridophyta, while the remaining 76 taxa belong to Angiospermae. The dicots are represented by 72 taxa, whereas the monocots are represented by 4 species. The largest of the families include: Acanthaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae (7 species for each) and Fabaceae (6 species). The genera represented by the greatest number of species are Acacia and Heliotropium (4 species for both). It was also noted that the generic index is 1.30. The chief life forms include Chamaephytes (50%), Phanerophytes (20.73%) and Geophytes (12.20%). The Sudano-Zambezian element dominates and forms the major component of the floristic structure. Results also reveal that sixteen taxa (19.51%) are endemic, among them are five taxa (6.10%) which are endemic to Yemen alone, while the remaining (13.41%) are near endemic to the flora of Yemen.