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Offspring measures: Gross development. (A) A significant (p < 0.001) reduction in body weight for LEE pups was observed in every age and sex group, when compared to controls (N = 310). (B) Significant reductions in brain weights were observed for LEE males at P20 (p = 0.003) and P30 (p = 0.0332) developmental time points. However, significant reductions were only observed in P20 LEE females (p = 0.0085) and no significance is observed in P30 LEE females (p = 0.1184) compared to controls (N = 70). (C) Significant increases to the brain/body ratio are observed in LEE males at both developmental time points. Significant increases to the brain/body ratio were only observed in P20 LEE females and not P30 females as compared to controls (N = 70). Data expressed as mean ± SEM.

Offspring measures: Gross development. (A) A significant (p < 0.001) reduction in body weight for LEE pups was observed in every age and sex group, when compared to controls (N = 310). (B) Significant reductions in brain weights were observed for LEE males at P20 (p = 0.003) and P30 (p = 0.0332) developmental time points. However, significant reductions were only observed in P20 LEE females (p = 0.0085) and no significance is observed in P30 LEE females (p = 0.1184) compared to controls (N = 70). (C) Significant increases to the brain/body ratio are observed in LEE males at both developmental time points. Significant increases to the brain/body ratio were only observed in P20 LEE females and not P30 females as compared to controls (N = 70). Data expressed as mean ± SEM.

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It is well documented that prenatal ethanol exposure via maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy alters brain and behavioral development in offspring. Thus, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) advises against maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. However, little emphasis has been placed on educating new parents about alcohol con...