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Occurrence of viruses across all samples used for this study. Viruses were counted as “present” in a sample if a transcript (>500 nt) clustered (90% sequence similarity) with a viral transcript from CD-hit clustering. The novel viruses detected in this study are denoted by a star. BSF uncharacterized bunyavirus-like 1 and BSF nairo-like virus 1 occur together more often than expected at random (Fisher’s Exact Test: p = 5.867 × 10⁻¹¹).
Source publication
The mass rearing of animals in close quarters can be highly conducive to microbe transmission, including pathogens. This has been shown multiple times in the case of important industrial insects such as crickets, silkworms, and honeybees. One industrial insect of increasing importance is the black soldier fly (Diptera: Hermetia illucens), as it can...
Citations
... The number of papers published each year on the black soldier fly is impressive and growing exponen-tially (Liu et al., 2023), and its current 'anti-hero' role is congruent with the (apparently) few diseases and natural enemies currently known for this species (Lemke et al., 2022;Barret et al., 2023). Unfortunately, due to the large-scale farming of H. illucens worldwide, often under semi-natural conditions, it is probably only a matter of time before the number of pathogens and antagonists (as parasitoids) increases (Walt et al., 2023(Walt et al., , 2024, similar to other intensive animal production. The aim of this paper is to summarise and review the limited information published to date on the various hymenopteran parasitoids known to be associated with the preimaginal development of the black soldier fly. ...
An overview of parasitoid species found on the black soldier fly is presented. The future significance of these natural enemies remains uncertain. However, a thorough assessment of their impact on black soldier fly farms worldwide is essential. The initial step involves the taxonomic identification and study of the life cycles of the species involved.
