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Occupations at a four-digit level with a positive trend Electronics engineers Graphic and multimedia designers
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Given the high cost of collecting labour demand for skills information through surveys, the composition and dynamics of Colombian labour demand are relatively unknown. However, information regarding unmet labour demand can be collected from job portals with the implementation of relatively novel data mining techniques. This paper provides a descrip...
Contexts in source publication
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... 10 show the most notable trends by occupational groups (the graphs for each occupational group [304] are available upon request). The charts are divided into three groups: Figure 8 shows the trends of occupations with a higher demand; Figure 9 plots occupations with a significant increase of labour demand during the period of analysis, and Figure 10 displays occupations whose demand has decreased. ...
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... instance, the labour demand for occupations such as "Accounting and bookkeeping clerks", "Credit and loan officers", "General office clerks" and "Contact centre information clerks", generally increase in the first and sometimes in the last quarter of the year. Figure 9 plots occupations with a significant increase in labour demand. Despite the relatively short period of analysis (three years), it is possible to observe a growing trend of demand for "Electronics engineers", "Graphic and multimedia designers", "Financial and investment advisers", "Database designers and administrators", "Computer network professionals", "Electronics engineering technicians", "Real estate agents and property managers", and "Information and communications technology user support technicians", among others. ...
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... the figures in Figure 10 show that there is not a dramatic decrease in labour demand for specific occupational groups (the results were grouped yearly in order to observe a clearer pattern). These results contrast with Figure 9 where the labour demand for certain occupational groups has dramatically increased. ...
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... it has been widely reported that, over the last decades there has been a skill-based technological change which has increased labour demand and wages for skilled labour (Autor et al. 1998). Thus, the remarkable labour demand increases for occupations such as "Graphic and multimedia designers", and "Computer network professionals", among others (Figure 9), is a product of this technological change (i.e. structural change). ...
Citations
... La utilización de ESCO tiene cuatro ventajas principales sobre otro tipo de diccionarios de habilidades y conocimientos: i) estándar internacional; ii) multilenguaje: disponible en español; iii) habilidades semánticamente concisas:útiles para implementación de minería de texto; y, iv) ocupaciones siguen la estructura CIUO-08: igual que la base de datos de portales web ya construida (Cárdenas, 2020a). ...
En el mundo dinámico de hoy, comprender los requisitos laborales y ser capaz de reaccionar rápidamente a las necesidades emergentes de habilidades es clave para abordar el desajuste de habilidades y el ´éxito de todos los partícipes del mercado laboral. El presente estudio busca responder cuales son los requerimientos de habilidades y conocimientos demandados para los jóvenes en Argentina, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Para este fin, se hace uso principalmente de dos fuentes de información: i) portales web de trabajo; y, ii) diccionario de capacidades proporcionado por la Clasificación Europea de capacidades/competencias, cualificaciones y ocupaciones (ESCO). La contribución a la literatura económica de este análisis es bidireccional, por un lado, un aporte método lógico a través de la proporción de un detalle sistemático para la construcción de una base de datos unificada de la demanda laboral y, por otro lado, un aporte empírico para la identificación de habilidades y conocimientos para la población joven. Entre los principales resultados del estudio se puede mencionar que: i) la demanda de conocimientos transversales y de conocimientos específicos de la ocupación son independientes de la demanda de otras categorías de conocimientos y habilidades; ii) en la región, en promedio, el 11.9 % de las habilidades y conocimientos demandados por los empleadores son concebidas como esenciales por ESCO; iv) incrementos en la demanda de conocimientos transectoriales y especifico de la ocupación aumentan la probabilidad de que una vacante sea, potencialmente, para una persona joven; y v) un incremento en el número de habilidades (transversales, transectoriales, especifica del sector y específicas de la ocupación) demandadas disminuye la probabilidad de que una vacante sea dirigida a una persona joven.
... Introduction Cárdenas (2020d) described the main characteristics of the Colombian vacancy database from 2016 to 2018. However, these results do not provide enough evidence about the validity or reliability of vacancy data for addressing unemployment and informality problems in Colombia.As is the case with data collected with other methods (e.g. ...
... Moreover, as mentioned in Cárdenas (2020d), the differences between imputed and nonimputed wages are minimal. This comparison suggests two facts: 1) the imputation process carried out in Cárdenas (2020c) does not significantly affect the wage distribution variable. ...
... As previously mentioned, if employers demand engineers, economists, or any other occupation that implicitly requires an undergraduate diploma, then most of the vacancies for such job positions should also demand people with at least some university educational level. In addition, the skills listed in Cárdenas (2020d) should correspond to their related occupations; SQL programming skills, for instance, should correspond to programmers and other related occupations, while it is unlikely that programming skills would correspond to chefs, taxi drivers, and plumbers. Given the number of groups of occupations by industry, Table 2 shows some of the most notable cases of the labour demand occupational structure (at a four-digit level) by sector (at a one digitlevel). ...
This paper provides an evaluation of the internal and external consistency of the vacancy information. The consistency of the variables within the vacancy database or internal validity shows that the contradictory or inconsistent results that occurred in the Colombian vacancy database were minor, and the magnitude of these measurement errors are insufficient to bias the educational, occupational, sectorial, skills and wage analyses. The results of data representativeness or external validity were: 1) the vacancy database is not representative for a significant part of agricultural, government and armed force occupations; 2) particular caution should be taken when analysing occupations with high turnover rates as this issue might cause an overrepresentation of specific occupational groups; and, 3) self-employed individuals and informal occupations are not represented in the vacancy database. This evidence suggests that the vacancy database better represents the formal and urban Colombian labour market. Finally, the job portal information captures and expresses the Colombian economic seasons.
... These issues do not mean that job portal information cannot be used as a source to analyse labour demand. With this information in mind to utilise the proper statistical techniques, it is possible to comprehend the structure and trends of labour demand (see Cárdenas, 2020c); although it may be challenging to determine the exact number of real vacancies available in a period through job portal information. ...
... 3) the Cedefop project only collects and processes job titles, skills and sector information, while this paper considers and proposes various methods to collect and process a wider number of variables. These variables aim to determine the consistency of the vacancy database and to accurately describe Colombian labour demand (Cárdenas, 2020c andCárdenas, 2020d). 4) new methods are proposed to classify job titles into occupations and identify skills for a country that does not have national skill dictionaries (Cárdenas, 2020b). ...
This working paper discusses the concepts and theoretical framework to analyse the labour market, based on the information found on online job portals. Based on a model with imperfect information (which seems more appropriate to describe Colombian labour market outcomes), the first section explains how skill mismatches can arise and their consequences for informality and unemployment rates. The second section presents evidence that skill shortages, unemployment and informality are highly occurring phenomena in Colombia; and, it is argued that workers, educational and training providers and the government can do little to address these issues because of a lack of proper information to monitor and identify employers’ requirements and possible skill shortages at an occupational level. In section 3 the concept of Big Data is introduced, with its advantages and limitations outlined for labour market analysis, this section explains the limitations and caveats to be considered when online vacancy data are used for economic analysis.
... Colombia does not have a proper system to identify possible skill mismatches (skill shortages), hence educational and training providers experience difficulties in training people according to current employers' requirements (Cárdenas, 2020a). As a potential solution to this issue, Cárdenas (2020cCárdenas ( , 2020d demonstrated that job portals are rich sources of representative information for the analysis of a significant segment of the Colombian labour demand (job openings). The systematic collection and depuration of this information via the methods of web scraping and text mining, among other techniques, provide (at a low-cost) valuable information about the skill requirements that employers demand, and the structure and trends of this labour demand. ...
... Third, as shown in Cárdenas (2020cCárdenas ( , 2020d, vacancy information provides detailed and updated information regarding employers' requirements at a low-cost and in real-time. ...
... Importantly, most of the occupations with the highest growth in labour demand (mentioned in Cárdenas, 2020c) are also in the list of occupations for which the employment growth trends are positive (Appendix A:, Table A.5). Such is the case for "computer network professionals", "real estate agents and property managers", "electronics engineering technicians", "Electronics engineers", and "Information and communications technology user support technicians". ...
Unemployment and informality are widespread phenomena in the Colombian economy that affect people with different profiles. This working paper discusses how the vacancy database can be used to build a detection system of skill shortages. Also, it elaborates on, for the first time in Colombia, a set of macro indicators within the vacancy database's labour demand and supply information for the identification of possible skill shortages. Finally, it illustrates how detailed information from vacancies (job descriptions) can be used to update occupational classifications (ISCO) and the labour force skills according to employers' requirements. The results suggest low-skilled occupations tend to show more signs of oversupply: a considerably higher informality rate compared to other skill groups. On the other hand, the first quarter of the year for each occupation is characterised by higher unemployment rates and lower vacancy rates. The skill mismatch indicators for Colombia demonstrate that 30 occupations are currently in short supply. Therefore, the evidence suggests that formal labour market opportunities exist for people with different profiles in terms of age, education and work experience, amongst others. Based on these results, policymakers and education and training providers can promote and update policy/curriculums quickly, according to the current occupational labour demand structure and specific skills required, and the job seekers can receive relevant information regarding occupation shortages, and in this way, unemployed and informal people can make better and informed decisions about their training and job search.
