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Nutritive value of mango fruit per 100 g

Nutritive value of mango fruit per 100 g

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Context 1
... is an excellent source of phytonutrient compounds such as provitamin A, carotenoids, vitamins (B6, C and A), phenolics (gallic acid, syringic acid, gentisyl-protocatechuic acid, mangiferin, ellagic acid and quercetin), antioxidants and dietary fibre, which are important for human nutrition and health (Sogi et al., 2012;Lemmens et al., 2013;Dorta et al., 2014: Jahurul et al., 2015Gorinstein et al., 2011). Moreover, mango fruit contains other important nutritional and health components, such as carbohydrates, amino acids and the minerals, calcium, iron and potassium (Table 1). Some bioactive compounds found in mangoes have shown potential anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-mutagenic and angiogenic activities (Cao and Cao, 1999). ...
Context 2
... is an excellent source of phytonutrient compounds such as provitamin A, carotenoids, vitamins (B6, C and A), phenolics (gallic acid, syringic acid, gentisyl-protocatechuic acid, mangiferin, ellagic acid and quercetin), antioxidants and dietary fibre, which are important for human nutrition and health (Sogi et al., 2012;Lemmens et al., 2013;Dorta et al., 2014: Jahurul et al., 2015Gorinstein et al., 2011). Moreover, mango fruit contains other important nutritional and health components, such as carbohydrates, amino acids and the minerals, calcium, iron and potassium (Table 1). Some bioactive compounds found in mangoes have shown potential anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-mutagenic and angiogenic activities (Cao and Cao, 1999). ...

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... More than 150 varieties of mango are cultivated worldwide. Mango is considered to have originated from southern Asia, and more specifically from eastern India, Burma and the Andaman Islands (Alkan and Kumar, 2018). ...
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Effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid as post-harvest treatment on physicochemical properties and shelf life of mango (Mangifera indica cv. Abstract This study was undertaken at the Horticulture Laboratory of College of Natural Resource Management Bardibas, Mahottari, Nepal in 2023. Physiological loss in weight, fruit firmness, shelf life, pulp pH, Total soluble solids (TSS), Titratable acidity (TA), and TSS: TA ratio were to be determined for the study. The study contained 5 different concentrations of salicylic acid as five treatments (0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm) with four replications of each on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). For each treatment destructive and non-destructive sample were prepared. Data obtained from various biochemical analyses of physicochemical properties (physiological loss in weight, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pulp pH, TSS: TSS ratio, and shelf life of mango) were recorded and statistically analyzed by using Gen-Stat software. The fruits were evaluated at the three-day interval after the initial reading taken on the day of storage and further data were recorded after 3,6,9,12, and 15 days of storage. Among all the salicylic acid treatments, @200 ppm recorded the minimum physiological loss in weight, the highest total soluble solids (21.44ºBrix), maximum fruit firmness (1.91 kg/cm 2), highest titratable acidity (0.166%), highest TSS: TA ratio (129.4), and minimum pulp PH (6.00). The longest shelf life was observed with fruit treated with a 200 ppm concentration of salicylic acid (15.71 days) which was similar to 150 ppm of salicylic acid (15.35 Days). Salicylic acid at 200 ppm showed the best performance in retarding the changes in physicochemical properties and prolonging the shelf life of mango fruits.
... Several factors, including climatic parameters such as temperature and relative humidity have been reported that affect mango SER (Diedhiou et al. 2007;Alkan and Kumar 2018), probably by impacting directly pathogen infection (Riquelme-Toledo et al. 2020). Therefore, weather parameters may impact the inflorescence colonization rate by endophytic fungi during flowering, which could influence the incidence and severity of SER. ...
Article
The Stem-end rot (SER) postharvest disease of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits is a significant economic threat to mango production. Without proper management strategies, it can lead to up to 100 % postharvest losses. Despite its importance, very little information is known about this disease in Côte d'Ivoire. This research aimed to determine the incidence and severity of SER in mango orchards, assess how preharvest climate parameters affect the disease and determine the pathogenic fungi associated with SER. Mango SER was evaluated on 1500 mango fruits collected from 15 orchards in Boundiali, Ferkéssédougou, Korhogo, Odienné, and Sinématiali departments. Mango SER incidence ranged from 10 % to 30 %, while severity ranged from 5 % to 20 %. No significant differences in these parameters were observed between the different departments (P>0.05). The study also revealed a positive low correlation between SER disease incidence and mean air temperature (r = 0.36) and minimum air temperature (r = 0.26) data, indicating that preharvest weather conditions may have a marginal impact on mango SER disease intensity in the postharvest phase. Pathogenic fungi associated with SER were isolated and identified using morphological characteristics and multilocus sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α). Various fungal species associated with mango SER disease were also identified, with Lasiodiplodia species (74%) being the most prevalent (including Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. euphorbicola, and L. caatinguensis), followed by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia pseudobrachyspora, Diaporthe endophytica and Fusarium mangiferae. However, only Lasiodiplodia species and Diaporthe endophytica induced SER symptoms. This study was the first ever evaluation of mango SER disease and associated fungal pathogens identification in Côte d'Ivoire. This result will assist researchers in developing a control method for mango SER.
... Some other major target traits of fruit transcriptomes linked to fruit development, metabolite biosynthesis or fruit quality are fatty acid biosynthesis in avocado Ibarra-Laclette et al. 2015), synthesis of ovate family proteins (OFP) in banana , sugar metabolism in mandarin orange and pear (Lin et al. 2015;Wang et al. 2017c;Lü et al. 2020), citrate accumulation in sweet orange (Lu et al. 2016), berry development and berry size, number and weight determination in grapes (Nwafor et al. 2014;Muñoz-Espinoza et al. 2016;Grimplet et al. 2017), starch degradation in kiwifruit , regular and alternate fruit bearing in mango Alkan and Kumar 2018), cuticle biogenesis in mango (Tafolla-Arellano et al. 2017), postharvest senescence of fruits in pear (Xu et al. 2018), soft seed formation in pomegranate (Xue et al. 2017) and postharvest fruit of strawberry in response to exogenous auxin and abscisic acid ). ...
Chapter
Fruits are an excellent source of nutrition and a key component of the human diet. Many indigenous fruits are also the source of income of local people of poor and developing countries from the export of fresh fruits and processed fruit products. However, a number of horticultural and agronomic problems discussed in this chapter are associated with fruit plants which affect significantly on its production and crop improvement programs. The recent advances in new biotechnological tools including cisgenics/intragenics, gene editing coupled with the latest omics technologies may be able to solve or reduce the problems faced by the indigenous fruit plants. With the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, genomic and transcriptomic research for many fruit plants has accelerated dramatically in recent years. The enormous sequence data generated through RNA sequencing have enabled to generate large-scale transcriptomic resources for gene discovery and their expression, comparative analysis and identification of novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in many model and non-model plant species included fruit plants also. In the last 5–8 years, RNA-seq based transcriptome analysis of many fruit plants has been focused mainly on the identification of key functional and regulatory genes associated with many horticultural and agronomic traits like plant disease response and resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, fruit nutritional value, quality, ripening and flowering. In this chapter, we provide an overview of recent successes achieved in the field of transcriptomics of major fruit plants and their involvement in the discovery of trait specific genes and the role of these genes in specific biological processes. Challenges and prospects for the deployment of transcriptome analysis in many indigenous fruit plants are also discussed.
... Further, packaging ensures safety handling and delivery of fresh and value added products. Cold storage facilities is one of the best strategies of value addition and post-harvest management practices in perishable produce like mango fruits (Alkan and Kumar, 2018). A study to assess the impact of value addition on farmers income found storage, packaging, sorting and grading to be the most used forms of value addition practices by the farmers groups (Mkandawire, Bett, and Gathungu, 2018). ...
Article
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The study examined farm-level value addition among small-scale mango farmers in Machakos County, Kenya. A sample size of 352 small-scale mango farmers was proportionately selected from six wards of the study area. A structured interview schedule was used for data collection. Percentage and Heckman two-stage selection model were employed in data analysis. The result showed that only 33.52% of the farmers practised mango value addition. Off-farm income, access to cold storage facilities, price of value-added products, group membership, extension contact, farmers' awareness, amount of credit and hired labour positively influenced mango farm-level value addition. Training, farmers' awareness and access to cold storage facilities positively influenced the proportion of mangoes value added at farm-level, while distance to market and livestock equivalence precipitated a negative effect on the proportion of mangoes value added. Relevant authorities in the County should provide adequate and up to date mango storage facilities and improve methods of extension delivery in order to increase the uptake of mango farm-level value addition among small-scale farmers.
... However, in Israel and other semi-dry areas, mango fruit is exposed to relatively low humidity and almost no rainfall from flowering to fruit development and harvesting. In recent years, probably one of the main postharvest diseases of mango fruit grown in semi-dry areas is stem-end rot, SER, due to global warming [3]. ...
... SER of mango is caused by a group of fungal pathogens, mainly members of Botryosphaeria genus, such as Dothiorella dominicana, Dothiorella mangiferae, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum spp., Phomopsis mangiferae, Cytosphaera mangiferae, and Pestalotiopsis sp., and by other pathogenic fungi, such as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternata [3][4][5]. The pathogenic fungi causing SER endophytically colonize mango pedicels and inflorescences [4,6]. ...
... In Israel, the standard practice for harvesting mango fruit until 2016 included detaching the fruit without a stem. Interestingly, in recent years, there has been an increase in mango SER incidences in Israel and other relatively dry areas [3]. In the 2014 season, SER becomes a severe postharvest disease that caused a 30-40% loss of harvested mango fruit in Israel [7]. ...
Article
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Stem-end rot (SER) is a serious postharvest disease of mango fruit grown in semi-dry area. Pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms endophytically colonize fruit stem-end. As fruit ripens, some pathogenic fungi switch from endophytic colonization to necrotrophic stage and cause SER. Various pre/post-treatments may alter the stem-end community and modify SER incidence. This study investigates the effects of harvesting mango with or without short stem-end on fruit antifungal and antioxidant activities, the endophytic microbiome, and SER during fruit storage. Our results show that harvesting mango with short stem significantly reduced SER during storage. At harvest, fruit harvested with or without stem exhibit a similar microorganisms community profile. However, after storage and shelf life, the community of fruit without stem shifted toward more SER-causing-pathogens, such as Lasiodiplodia, Dothiorella, and Alternaria, and separated from the community of fruit with stem. This change correlated to the high antifungal activity of stem extract that strongly inhibited both germination and growth of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Alternaria alternata. Additionally, fruit that was harvested with stem displayed more antioxidant activity and less ROS. Altogether, these findings indicate that harvesting mango with short stem leads to higher antifungal and antioxidant activity, retaining a healthier microbial community and leading to reduced postharvest SER.
... Red-blushed mango (Mangifera indica) fruit is more appealing than green/yellow fruit and has a higher market value (Alkan and Kumar, 2018). Pigment accumulation in the epicarp portion of mango fruit and flowers determines their overall color (Pervaiz et al., 2017;Sudheeran et al., 2019a,b). ...
Article
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Fruit defense against pathogens relies on induced and preformed mechanisms. The present contribution evaluated performed resistance of red and green mango fruit against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and identified the main active antifungal components. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of nonhydrolyzed mango peel extracts identified major anthocyanin peaks of glycosylated cyanidin and methylcyanidin, and flavonol peaks of glycosylated quercetin and kaempferol, which were more abundant on the 'red side' of red mango fruit. Organic extracts of red vs green mango peel were more efficient in inhibiting C. gloeosporioides. Transcriptome analysis of the mango–C. gloeosporioides interaction showed increased expression of glucosidase genes related to both fungal pathogenicity and host defense. Glucosidase treatment of organic peel extract increased its antifungal activity. Additionally, quercetin and cyanidin had significantly higher antifungal activity than their glycosylated derivatives. Peel extract volatiles treated with glucosidase had antifungal activity. GCMS analysis identified 15 volatiles after glucosidase hydrolysis, seven of them present only in red fruit. These results suggest that the fruit obtains a concealed arsenal of glycosylated flavonoids in its peel when they are hydrolyzed by β‐glucosidase that is induced in both fungus and host during infection process, become more toxic to the fungal pathogen, inhibiting decay development.
... Thus, in Israel, the fruit is exposed to relatively low humidity and almost no rainfall from flowering to harvest, as opposed to tropical areas, where the fruit are exposed to high humidity and quite a lot of rainfall. Due to the high humidity, the main disease in tropical areas is anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; wherein Israel and other relatively dry areas, black spot (Alternaria alternata) and stem end rot (SER) are the main postharvest diseases of mango fruit (Alkan and Kumar, 2018). ...
... Stem-end rot is caused by a variety of pathogens, but mainly by Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a member of the Botryosphaeria genus (Prusky et al., 2009;Galsurker et al., 2018;Alkan and Kumar, 2018). In recent years, SER has become the main postharvest disease of mango fruit in Israel; in the 2014 season, SER caused 30-40% loss of harvested mango fruit (Diskin et al., 2015). ...
... Prochloraz treatment is very effective against C. gloeosporioides, which is the main mango pathogen in tropical areas. However, in semi-arid areas such as Israel, C. gloeosporioides is barely observed in harvested mango fruit; instead, the main postharvest diseases are SER and black spot, which are caused by L. theobromae and A. alternata, respectively (Alkan and Kumar, 2018). Evaluation of the efficiency of various known fungicides against the main pathogens of mango fruit grown in vitro showed that fludioxonil might be a better candidate than prochloraz for controlling Lasiodiplodia (data not shown). ...
Article
Stem-end rot (SER) is one of the most prevalent postharvest diseases of mango fruit grown in the Mediterranean climate, whereas anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides almost never occurs due to the dry environment during fruit development and harvest. SER is caused by a variety of fungal pathogens. The main cause of SER in Israel is Lasiodiplodia theobromae, which is not well controlled by the current fungicide. In the search for potential alternatives to control postharvest SER in mango, we assessed the efficacy of various fungicides and focused on two commercial fungicides — fludioxonil and prochloraz — at controlling postharvest decay of mango fruit. In vitro testing, Fludioxonil was found to be significantly more effective at inhibiting L. theobromae mycelial growth and conidial germination. Subsequent treatments with fludioxonil were also significantly more effective than prochloraz in controlling SER of mango fruit inoculated with L. theobromae. Both fungicides controlled side decay, mainly Alternaria alternata, of mango fruit with similar efficiency. However, fludioxonil treatments significantly changed the stem end microbiome community and reduced SER incidence and severity in mango fruit relative to similar treatments with prochloraz. We suggest fludioxonil as a postharvest treatment to control mango fruit decay in areas that harvest during a dry season.
... It is also highly perishable; soon after ripening, the fruit starts decaying and quickly becomes unfit for consumption. Cold storage is probably the best postharvest technology to maintain high-quality fruit [3]. However, as a tropical fruit which was not exposed to extreme cold temperature during its evolution, mango is highly susceptible to cold storage. ...
... This is probably because the red fruit were exposed to light during their growth and accumulated higher levels of starch. Increased sugar and reduced acidity are correlated to better taste and acceptance [3]. ...
Article
Full-text available
Red fruits were suggested to be tolerant to cold. To understand cold-storage tolerance of red mango fruit that were subjected to sunlight at the orchard, mango cv. Shelly from inside (green fruit) or outside (red fruit) the tree canopy was stored for 3 weeks at 5, 8 or 12 °C and examined for flavonoids, antioxidant, volatiles and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Red fruit from the outer canopy showed significant increases in total anthocyanin and flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Ripening parameters for red and green mango fruit were similar at harvest and during storage. However, red fruit with high anthocyanin and flavonoid contents were more tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses. After 3 weeks of suboptimal cold storage, green fruit showed significantly more lipid peroxidation and developed significantly more chilling-injury symptoms—black spots and pitting—than red fruit. Volatiles of red and green peels revealed significant modulations in response to cold-storage. Moreover, red fruit were more tolerant to biotic stress and had reduced general decay incidence. However, during long storage at 10 °C for 4, 5 or 6 weeks, red fruit showed a non-significant reduction in decay and chilling injuries. These results suggest new approaches to avoiding chilling injury during cold storage