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Numerical replication of a fall cone test in soft marine clay showing localised deformations around the cone, Mohapatra et al. (2023b).
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... research (e.g Mohapatra et al., 2023a;Mohapatra et al., 2023b;Tran & Sołowski, 2019), has indicated that the impact of the fall cone penetration into a soft sensitive clay is contained to approximately double the radius of the 60-degree fall cone penetration mark, see Figure 1. Furthermore, the results have shown little sensitivity to lateral support, with no changes for full lateral support or lack of it. ...
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Let $\iota_{k}(m,l)$ denote the total number of intervals of length $m$ across all Dyck paths of semilength $k$ such that each interval contains precisely $l$ falls. We give the formula for $\iota_{k}(m,l)$ and show that $\iota_{k}(k,l)=\binom{k}{l}^2$. Motivated by this, we propose two stronger variants of the wreath conjecture due to Baranyai for...
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This paper presents a series of laboratory free‐fall cone penetrometer (FFCP) tests conducted on marine clay samples collected from the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. Subsequently, these tests are replicated numerically with the generalized interpolation material point method (GIMP) simulations. First, the paper gives laboratory‐scale FFCP experiment results used for the validation of the numerical framework. In these experiments, a small‐scale model of a FFCP was dropped from various heights into a natural marine clay soil sample and recorded using a high‐speed camera. The tests were supplemented with a laboratory test program to determine the geotechnical properties of the clay used in the experiments. Following image processing, the tests provided data for numerical simulations: displacement, velocity, acceleration, and reaction force curves associated with the FFCP during the penetration process. The GIMP simulations shown in the paper replicate the process of penetration of the FFCP into the marine clay. The simulations used a strain‐rate dependent Tresca constitutive model, extended with strain softening that replicates the reduction of the undrained shear strength due to destructuration, an important feature of the material. The numerical simulations replicate the experiments well. The study examines the effect of cone penetrometer roughness, impact velocity, mesh density, strain rate, and strain softening on the cone penetrometer penetration process. The simulation results indicate that the presented framework can replicate the dynamic penetration process on soft and sensitive clay very well.
The paper presents fall cone experiments, their analysis with digital image processing and their replication with the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method. The fall cone experiments were conducted on a soft and sensitive marine clay sample collected from the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. The paper presents experiments performed with a 30°, 100g cone, and a 60°, 60g cone dropped from different heights and recorded with a high-speed camera. The tests were supplemented with a laboratory test program to determine the geotechnical properties of the soil used in the tests. The Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method (GIMP) simulations shown in the paper replicate the process of indentation of the cone into the soil: the cone displacement, velocity, acceleration, and reaction force curves obtained with digital image processing. The simulations show that for an accurate replication of the process a strain-rate dependent Tresca constitutive model, extended with strain softening replicating destructuration is sufficient. The study examines the effect of cone geometry, cone mass, cone roughness, impact velocity, mesh density, strain rate and strain softening on the cone penetration process. The simulation results indicate that the presented framework can simulate the dynamic penetration process on soft and sensitive clay very well.
