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Number of publications per year and the cumulative number of publications on biochar from 1998 to 2017.
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A comprehensive statistical study related to biochar was conducted by using the scientometric method. The publications are mainly in the form of articles (over 16 000), accounting for 87.7% of the total, which demonstrates that researchers have great interest in this research field. Among these articles, 96.8% were written and published in English...
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Context 1
... publishing trend for articles is shown in Fig. 3. On the whole, over 16 000 articles were published on the topic of bio- char, which demonstrated that researchers had a great interest in this research eld. From 1998 to 2003, the annual numbers of publications on this topic were similar, and about 400 articles were published every year. From 2005 to 2009, there was a slow increase in ...
Context 2
... 2009, global researchers did not widely realize the importance of biochar, and their interest in biochar was limited. Under the global environmental pollution and energy shortage situation, it might be the various applications and relatively low cost of biochar that promoted its development. Besides, there was no increment plateau as shown in Fig. 3, which means that more articles might be published every year in the future. In order to better show the increment trend, the tting method 23 was used to calculate the relation between the cumulative number of publications and years (eqn (1) with R 2 ¼ 0.9923). According to the equation, the cumulative number of articles concerning ...
Context 3
... average number of citations per paper, with the Pearson correlation being signicant at the 0.01 level and R 2 being equal to 0.814. The number of publications per year for the top 20 most publishing journals is shown in Fig. 5. In summary, the publication trends for these 20 journals were similar to the cumulative number of publications shown in Fig. 3. However, for these 20 journals, there was a rapid increment from 2007, while the rapid increment of the total 2655 journals was from 2009. Therefore, these 20 most publishing journals could basically reect the development trend of biochar research. Besides, the publications of four journals had a high rapid increment in the past ...
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... These multivalent properties of biochar make it attractive for addressing future challenges relating to transformative changes in agricultural practices and climate change mitigation. The climate change potential for carbon sequestration has often been highlighted as the main argument for producing biochar (Laird, 2008;Li et al., 2018;Mašek et al., 2019;Nair et al., 2017;Ogawa et al., 2006). However, while such measures are essential when discussing climate change, they do not necessarily benefit the farmers for biochar application on their farmlands economically. ...
... Besides serving as a slow-release P fertilizer as struvite, biochar has several other properties that improve soil properties. As highlighted, several studies conclude that biochar increases the soil water retention capacity and supports biological activity (Lehmann et al., 2011;Li et al., 2018;Mašek et al., 2019;Zabaniotou and Stamou, 2020). Biochar also carries other essential nutrients important for plants' optimal growth, such as sulfur (S), which is an important component of plant proteins. ...
... Then follows "Engineering", "Chemistry", "Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology", "Environmental Sciences and Ecology" and "Agriculture". This is contrasting to the result of conventional biochar research reported by Li et al. (2018) and Wu et al. (2019), wherein, "Environmental Sciences and Ecology", and "Agriculture" were the top-cited subject categories. This is due to the fact that MAPderived pyrolytic products are mostly used for energy and fuel-based applications. ...
Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) is one of the proven energy-efficient techniques in biomass thermochemical conversion with better characteristics than conventional heating. Despite the benefits, the scale-up and commercialization of MAP-derived products are still facing challenges. Investigation of research evolution and timely status leads to an understanding of emerging trends and loopholes that aids to make process effective and viable. Scientometric analysis has been conducted on biomass microwave pyrolysis for biochar and other biofuel production shedding light on research hotspots and gaps. The findings indicate that MAP research predominantly focused on energy-based applications compared to agriculture-oriented studies. Major research hotspots included utilization of biochar for contaminant removal, catalytic microwave pyrolysis, and energy-based applications. This study provokes the researchers and stakeholders to understand research evolution and loopholes which aids in exploration of new strategies and process designs to ensure sustainability of MAP while promoting global social and material well-being.
... The scientometric-based statistical method provides a powerful tool to disclose research trends and progress on certain research areas through data analysis of published documents. However, although there are already quite a few scientometric studies on other research areas Li et al. 2018;Kamali et al. 2020;Khalaj et al. 2020;Zakka et al. 2021;Zeb et al. 2021;Ni et al. 2021), the scientometric studies on environment and food safety are very limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide an integrative review on environment and food safety via objective statistical analysis coupled with subjective review on strategies to protect the environment and ensure food safety, followed by a discussion on emerging research topics. ...
Environment protection and food safety are two critical issues in the world. In this review, a novel approach which integrates statistical study and subjective discussion was adopted to review recent advances on environment and food safety. Firstly, a scientometric-based statistical study was conducted based on 4904 publications collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. It was found that the research on environment and food safety was growing steadily from 2001 to 2020. Interestingly, the statistical analysis of most-cited papers, titles, abstracts, keywords, and research areas revealed that the research on environment and food safety was diverse and multidisciplinary. In addition to the scientometric study, strategies to protect environment and ensure food safety were critically discussed, followed by a discussion on the emerging research topics, including emerging contaminates (e.g., microplastics), rapid detection of contaminants (e.g., biosensors), and environment friendly food packaging materials (e.g., biodegradable polymers). Finally, current challenges and future research directions were proposed.
... The performances of MXene were evaluated using anodic stripping and differential pulse voltametric measurements. With the current trends on research evolution on the recent topics, a bibliometric review acts as a guiding resource for novelty identification and future potential (Kamali et al., 2020;Li et al., 2018). Detailed scientometric reviews highlighting the classification of resources on research topic based on selective criteria are reported (Sharma and Kaur, 2020;Zeb et al., 2020). ...
MXene, identified as a high performance material with superior properties, has gained significant importance in the field of applications including energy storage, photo catalysis, sensing of components and environmental pollution control. This review article is a comprehensive study on scientometric review on the research studies involving MXene and its derivatives for various applications. The aim of this study is to identify the areas of priority focused during the study period (2012–2020) and evaluate the impact of the studies in terms of different parameters. Using the suitable key words, a total of 3332 documents are identified and screened with respect to yearly count of literature, type of literature, language of publication, authors, Web of science (WoS) categories, most cited literature, author contribution, name of the affiliated institution, country of author affiliation, journals and key words. In addition, collaboration behavior and citation network are reviewed using the mapping tool. The total local citation score (TLCS) and total global citation score (TGCS) are evaluated. Based on the review data, the developments in the field of MXene applications are presented with more focus on sensing applications and photocatalysis. The top two contributing countries in the chosen field of MXene research are China and USA. Based on the number of documents published, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces and Journal of Materials Chemistry “A” are identified as the best two journals.
... (2020) is presented in The extent of this evaluation exercise is limited but we consider it the best available at the current time, owing to the general paucity of long-term data. The intensive investigation of biochar is rather recent compared to the heritage of long-established field experiments (Li et al., 2018). The good level of fit provides some confidence in the model predictions. ...
... However, knowledge about its uses has been partly lost over time and has been only recently rediscovered [28,30]. During the last decade, this material became a major topic for many research groups due to the fact of its potential impact on slowing global warming and on its capacity to restore degraded soils [16,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Figure 1 reports, as an example, that the number of scientific papers containing the word "biochar" increased from less than 50 at the end of the nineties and the beginning of the 2000s to more than 3500 in 2020. To understand why biochar/charcoal/char is very helpful in reducing the effects of global warming, one has to consider that carbonaceous plant metabolites produced by photosynthesis return back to CO2 when plant materials are allowed to decompose ( Figure 2A). ...
... In reactions (35) to (37), C represents the biochar which is oxidized to carbon dioxide. However, biochar oxidation can also be limited to a surface functionalization with formation of oxidized groups, thereby making the carbonaceous material more hydrophilic. ...
Biochar is a porous material obtained by biomass thermal degradation in oxygen-starved conditions. It is nowadays applied in many fields. For instance, it is used to synthesize new materials for environmental remediation, catalysis, animal feeding, adsorbent for smells, etc. In the last decades, biochar has been applied also to soils due to its beneficial effects on soil structure, pH, soil organic carbon content, and stability, and, therefore, soil fertility. In addition, this carbonaceous material shows high chemical stability. Once applied to soil it maintains its nature for centuries. Consequently, it can be considered a sink to store atmospheric carbon dioxide in soils, thereby mitigating the effects of global climatic changes. The literature contains plenty of papers dealing with biochar’s environmental effects. However, a discrepancy exists between studies dealing with biochar applications and those dealing with the physical-chemistry behind biochar behavior. On the one hand, the impression is that most of the papers where biochar is tested in soils are based on trial-and-error procedures. Sometimes these give positive results, sometimes not. Consequently, it appears that the scientific world is divided into two factions: either supporters or detractors. On the other hand, studies dealing with biochar’s physical-chemistry do not appear helpful in settling the factions’ problem. This review paper aims at collecting all the information on physical-chemistry of biochar and to use it to explain biochar’s role in different fields of application.
... The extent of this evaluation exercise is limited but we consider it the best available at the current time, owing to the general paucity of long-term data. The intensive investigation of biochar is rather recent compared to the heritage of long-established field experiments 25 . The good level of fit provides some confidence in the model predictions. ...
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation leaves behind around 20 t ha−1 of biomass residue after harvest and processing. We investigated the potential for sequestering carbon (C) in soil with these residues by partially converting them into biochar (recalcitrant carbon-rich material). First, we modified the RothC model to allow changes in soil C arising from additions of sugarcane-derived biochar. Second, we evaluated the modified model against published field data, and found satisfactory agreement between observed and predicted soil C accumulation. Third, we used the model to explore the potential for soil C sequestration with sugarcane biochar in São Paulo State, Brazil. The results show a potential increase in soil C stocks by 2.35 ± 0.4 t C ha−1 year−1 in sugarcane fields across the State at application rates of 4.2 t biochar ha−1 year−1. Scaling to the total sugarcane area of the State, this would be 50 Mt of CO2 equivalent year−1, which is 31% of the CO2 equivalent emissions attributed to the State in 2016. Future research should (a) further validate the model with field experiments; (b) make a full life cycle assessment of the potential for greenhouse gas mitigation, including additional effects of biochar applications on greenhouse gas balances.
... Biochar is the carbon rich residue produced from the thermal decomposition of biomass in an oxygen starved environment . Over 16,000 papers have been published on the properties of biochar and its impact on soil properties and plant growth (Li et al., 2018). Meta-analysis has indicated that biochars can improve crop yields (Jeffery et al., 2011), sequester carbon (Wang et al., 2016), improve soil physical and chemical properties (Hussain et al., 2017;van Zwieten et al., 2010), reduce soil greenhouse gas emissions (Cayuela et al., 2014;Jeffery et al., 2016), increase plants resistance to disease (Hussain et al., 2017) and increase the financial returns to farmers (Shackley et al., 2015). ...
The use of biochar in avocado orchard soils has not yet been investigated in rigorous scientific experiments. We determine the effect of wood biochar on avocado growth, fruit production and economic benefit. Biochar was applied at 0%, 5%, 10% and 20% volume by volume basis. Biochar significantly improved the growth of avocado seedlings and increased fruit yield in the first three years after planting. There was an overall increase in soil carbon, fruit yield, tree diameter and height in all biochar treatments relative to the control over the seasons. Trees planted with biochar had 18–26% greater growth rates (in terms of height and stem diameter) than the control. Tree diameter was significantly greater with biochar (145.4 ± 3.3 mm) relative to the control treatment (125.0 ± 2.7 mm). Tree height was also significantly greater with biochar (3.7 ± 0.1 m) relative to the control treatment (3.4 ± 0.1 m). The fruit count from the biochar row was significantly greater (97%) in 2018. Heavy bearing trees typically have a lower yield in the subsequent year but despite this, the 2019 fruit counts were higher in aggregate for the biochar amended trees (20%) relative to the control. A cost-benefit analysis indicated that if yield surplus of fruit trees continued for three years, and assuming avocado prices remain at similar levels, then the discounted net benefit over a hectare would amount to US105 per metric tonne of biochar applied.
... Публікації із наукометричних досліджень у сфері поводження з відходами стосуються будівельних відходів [24], ландшафту знань щодо фіторемедіації важких металів [25], біогазу [26], огляду тематики досліджень та найбільш цитованих авторів [27] Пропонується до потенційно проривних напрямів віднести ті, що одночасно є найбільш перспективними за наукометричним і патентним аналізами та користуються найбільшою увагою світових патентоволодільців. ...
... Growing concern about global climate change and a primary energy shortage has led to increasing attention being given to the energy supplement (Shafiee and Topal 2009;Zhao et al. 2010;Li et al. , 2018British Petroleum 2017;Huang et al. 2017; U.S. Energy Information Administration 2017). Biomass is a carbon-neutral and sustainable energy with a low greenhouse gas footprint and SO 2 emission (Zhang et al. 2007;Qian et al. 2011;Hupa et al. 2016;Sun et al. 2016). ...
The effect of air staging strategies on NOx control was investigated on a 210-kW small-scale biomass boiler (SBB) and a 1.4-MW medium-scale biomass boiler (MBB). Considering the de-NOx effect, as well as the convenience and economy for future wide use, the structures of the secondary air duct and the fuel feed tube were innovatively designed to solve the problems of the traditional prototype. The preliminary experiment showed that the lowest NOx emission was achieved when the air excess (ε) was equal to 2.04. Then, additional operating modes were conducted on the MBB to further optimize the air staging strategies. The optimal air staging strategy of the MBB (the secondary to primary air flow ratio (λ) and the ε were equal to 0.13 and 0.76, respectively) could decrease the NOx emission from 338.12 to 148.14 mg/m³. Furthermore, the SO2 emissions and the lowest NOx emission of the SBB and the MBB could meet most emission standards of China and some developed countries. The thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and combustion characteristics of the wood fuel showed that the air staging was a suitable de-NOx technology for wood combustion, and the slagging was less likely to occur under the selected condition. Hence, the air staging technology was an effective and low-cost method for the emission reduction of biomass boilers. This study provided a practical basis for future research on the gas emission control of biomass boilers.
