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Number of produced cells in Pinus heldreichii and Pinus peuce for the period 2000–2012, from the eastern slope of Vihren peak and the northwestern slope of Todorka peak in Pirin Mts.
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Pinus heldreichii and Pinus peuce are tree species characterized by longevity. Previous studies have outlined the potential for constructing long tree ring chronologies, which may be used for studying the climatic variation in the past. A difficulty is the mixed climatic signal with negative effect of summer droughts, but also of extremely cold sum...
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Citations
... Smolikas, northwestern Greece), with all samples collected from above 2000 m in elevation (Klippel et al., 2017). Cambial activity in P. heldreichii begins in early June (Ivanova et al., 2013) and the growing season is characterized by warm and dry Mediterranean conditions. Annually resolved TRW, δ 13 C, and δ 18 O measurements were available for both collections. ...
Tree-ring stable isotopes are typically measured in latewood cellulose to mitigate potential carry-over effects from previous year storage pools. The isotopic composition of individual tree-ring segments is thought to include considerable intra-annual variability. This sampling strategy may be complicated by steep intra-annual isotope gradients that can rival the inter-annual variability, however. Consistent sampling of latewood material may not always be possible due to low sample availability or high prevalence of narrow rings or low amounts of latewood because of species-specific changes in ring width. Therefore, years that contain samples with higher portions of non-latewood (earlywood) material may influence the final chronology of isotopic variability. Here, we analyze the potential influence that changing earlywood and latewood components of individual tree rings can have on stable carbon and oxygen records from Quercus spp. and Pinus heldreichii chronologies. Analysis of stable isotopes in oak tree rings with varying amounts of latewood show no statistically significant differences in the range of isotopic composition, nor any major differences when considering the same calendric year. Similar results were found for the pine data, when comparing stable isotope measurements with earlywood-to-latewood ratio and maximum density. We argue that this simple approach should be applied to any long-term tree-ring stable isotope record in order to provide a better understanding of the potential biases that could arise from previously recorded intra-annual variability in the wood.
... Bosnian pine becomes more vulnerable when it is under physiological stress due to high temperatures or droughts (Lazarević and Menkis, 2020). Otherwise, Ivanova et al. (2013) confirmed that warmer winters contribute to the formation of wider annual rings. Moreover, research on climate change effects is considered a priority in the case of populations located at the limit of the species' geographical range and away from the main range, because these populations may be more sensitive to climatic change and global warming than those at the centre of the natural range (Brubaker, 1986). ...
Evidence of climate change and global warming is becoming more visible; it is an ongoing process that is likely to become increasingly influential in the near future, not only at the global level but also at the local and regional levels. The fact that climate change affects the development of all forest communities and forest tree species, accordingly, has resulted in the increasing awareness in society towards this phenomenon. Having this in mind, the main aim of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between climate change and coniferous forests in the Balkan Peninsula, as well as to review the management strategies that may contribute to forest adaptation to climate change, with a special emphasis on the conservation of forest genetic resources. Hence, we have analyzed 202 papers regarding climate change and its effects on coniferous forests in the Balkan region, as well as papers dealing with adaptive forest management and forest genetic resources conservation. We concluded that climate change will likely represent one of the major challenges for coniferous forests on the Balkan peninsula in the future, imposing a need for the application of different management strategies to address these challenges and to facilitate adaptation of forests to the altered environmental conditions.
... Те показват, че формирането на късната дървесина е силно зависимо от температурите през месеците юли и август и благодарение на това се установява висока корелация между BI и летните температури, което от своя страна разкрива потенциал за използване на този дълговечен вид за изграждане на реконструкции на климатичното вариране и по-добро опознаване на климата в миналите векове на Балканския полуостров. Много подробна информация за радиалния прираст е получена и чрез изследване на ксилогенезиса на дървета от Бъндеришката долина в продължение на 4 години (2011-2014) от Todorova et al. (2011), Ivanova et al. (2013Ivanova et al. ( ) и Иванова (2016. Изследванията показват, че формирането на първите нови ксилемни клетки започва в средата на м. май в години с нормални летни периоди и значително по-късно (м. ...
The Macedonain pine (Pinus peuce Griseb.) is one of the main species in subalpine forests in the Balkan Peninsula. Given the forecasted increase of temperatures in the next decades there are worries about the health status and distribution of many species, including the currently dominant coniferous. Studies of low localities may provide valuable insight in the potential reaction to higher temperatures and increased drought stress. We studied unusually low location of Macedonian pine in Rila Mts. in Bulgaria where the lowest groups of trees are found at 850-900 m a.s.l. We described the specifics of trees’ position and took tree-ring cores for dendrochronological analysis. We found that the Pinus peuce groups are located mostly on top of high rock bands. At the lower elevations they are mixed with Quercus petraea Liebl. and sometimes have undergrowth of Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Bruckenthalia spiculifolia Rchb. Single trees of Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus nigra Arn., Fraxinus excelsior L., Sorbus aucuparia L. are found. At higher elevations the dominant surrounding forests is of Fagus sylvatica L. with single Tilia cordata Mill., Abies alba Mill. and Picea abies (L.) H.Karst. The age of the oldest Pinus peuce trees is above 170 years. The oldest ones at the lowest-situated groups are 40-60 years old. The dendroclimatic analysis revealed untypical response to climate variables compared to the usual Macedonain pine locations. We found negative correlations with summer temperatures and positive correlations with summer precipitation, which is indication of drought sensitivity of the trees in this very low location.
... The slopes were steep, with inclination of 20-50°and covered mostly Umbric and Modic Cambisols on granite bedrock (PIPE) and Rendzic Leptosols and Regosols on marble bedrock (PIHE). The majority of samples were collected at the same locations as previously used for construction of TRW chronologies (Panayotov et al., 2010), MXD chronologies (Trouet et al., 2012) and xylogenesis studies (Ivanova et al., 2013;Ivanova, 2016) from the same species. We chose such locations to insure the best-possible comparability with the other used methods for tree-ring analysis of PIPE and PIHE. ...
... Dendrochronologia 60 (2020) 125681 temperature over large parts of the Balkan Peninsula (Fig. S1). Previous studies of xylogenesis of Pinus peuce and Pinus heldreichii from the same valley show that cell formation and transformations start about the middle of May and end in October (Ivanova et al., 2013;Ivanova, 2016). The formation of latewood in Pirin and in ecologically and climatologically similar location in Italy, occurs between July and September and the cell-wall thickening phase, to which the latewood density is strongly related, is most intense in August (Rossi et al., 2006;Deslauriers et al., 2008;Ivanova et al., 2013;Ivanova, 2016). ...
... Previous studies of xylogenesis of Pinus peuce and Pinus heldreichii from the same valley show that cell formation and transformations start about the middle of May and end in October (Ivanova et al., 2013;Ivanova, 2016). The formation of latewood in Pirin and in ecologically and climatologically similar location in Italy, occurs between July and September and the cell-wall thickening phase, to which the latewood density is strongly related, is most intense in August (Rossi et al., 2006;Deslauriers et al., 2008;Ivanova et al., 2013;Ivanova, 2016). This is the reason because of which LwBI is matching well August monthly air temperature. ...
LINK to VIDEO presentation: https://videopress.com/v/nzbT76la ////
ABSTARCT: Tree rings from long-living tree species are one of the most valuable paleo-climate archives. Often the best correlations with the climate parameters of interest, especially summer temperature, are found for Maximum latewood density (MXD). A potential easier and more affordable surrogate for MXD is Blue intensity (BI).
We explore the spatial correlations with climate parameters of a novel BI chronology from Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii Christ) in the Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria. The tree species is among the longest-living in Europe, currently holding the record of 1230 years and has been demonstrated to be a good archive of past climate variation.
We found strong positive correlations (r>0.6) between our BI chronology and July-August temperatures (mean and maximum) over SE Europe expanding from approximately 10°E to 40°E and 35°N to 50°N. The correlations were negative with summer temperatures in the NW Europe. For summer precipitation and drought indices (PDSI and SPEI), we found significant negative correlations for the Balkan region. The correlations with the 300mb geopotential height pressure were positive for the summer for SE Europe and negative for NW Europe. The results were similar for both the Latewood BI chronologies and Delta BI chronologies. These chronologies also had strong correlations (r>0.70, reaching 0.88) with previously composed MXD series from the same locations, which were stable over the common period of the last several hundred years (1600-2009). Our results demonstrate good potential to contribute to the understanding of past climate variation in Europe by constructing long and robust BI chronologies from Pinus heldreichii.
... One of the reasons for the lack of climate reconstructions is probably the fact that some of the studies performed so far found mixed climate signals in P. peuce tree-ring width series (Panayotov et al., 2010). More attention has been paid to eco-physiological studies (Lyubenova et al., 2005;Ivanova et al., 2013;Anev and Tzvetkova, 2018), testing the performance in ex-situ experimental locations (Bachmann et al., 2015) and recent fast advances in treeline regeneration (Meshinev et al., 2000;Velkovski et al., 2013) of this species. They show that P. peuce has high plasticity in response to climate variability and potential for increasing future importance in subalpine locations in relation to treeline shifts. ...
... The negative influence of lower temperatures and positive of higher precipitation in March is probably connected with the need of a larger snowpack during this time of the year, which contributes to higher soil moisture. The absence of significant positive coefficients for the influence of precipitation during the summer and the positive coefficients for the air temperature in August indicate that there were likely no strong summer droughts at this location in this period and that the trees benefitted from high temperatures during the period of highest rate of tracheid formation, which is in July-August (Ivanova et al., 2013). ...
... This could be related to prolonged winters and therefore delay of the start of the growing seasons. Recent studies of xylogenesis of P. peuce showed that in the years with cold and moist conditions in May, the onset of cambial activity is delayed (Ivanova et al., 2013;Ivanova, 2016). ...
Tree rings are a natural archive containing valuable information about environmental changes. Among the most sensitive ecosystems to such changes are high-mountain forests. Tree-ring series from such locations are exceptionally valuable both for climate reconstructions and for studying the effects of climate changes on forest ecosystems.
The objective of our study is to present new long tree-ring width chronologies of Pinus peuce Griseb. from several locations at Pirin Mountains in southwestern Bulgaria, to explore their correlation with monthly temperatures and precipitation in the research area and to assess their potential for climate reconstruction.
We built three long-term index chronologies for the radial increment of P. peuce from treeline locations in the study region. The longest chronology spans 675 years. We studied the impact of monthly air temperature and precipitation on its growth for the past 86 years using multiple regression analysis. Our analysis shows that P. peuce growth is positively influenced by high temperatures at the end of the previous growing season, especially at the two sites in Banderitsa valley until the middle of the 1970s, and negatively affected by cold winters. In some of the sample plots its growth was also positively correlated with high summer temperatures. However, even at these high altitudes in some of the locations on steep slopes P. peuce showed signs of negative impact of drought during the hottest summer months (especially in August).
Our chronologies contribute to the paleoclimatic record for southwestern Bulgaria, which could provide baseline information about past climate variability and improve our understanding of current and future environmental changes.
... The slopes were steep, with inclination of 20-50°and covered mostly Umbric and Modic Cambisols on granite bedrock (PIPE) and Rendzic Leptosols and Regosols on marble bedrock (PIHE). The majority of samples were collected at the same locations as previously used for construction of TRW chronologies (Panayotov et al., 2010), MXD chronologies (Trouet et al., 2012) and xylogenesis studies (Ivanova et al., 2013;Ivanova, 2016) from the same species. We chose such locations to insure the best-possible comparability with the other used methods for tree-ring analysis of PIPE and PIHE. ...
... Dendrochronologia 60 (2020) 125681 temperature over large parts of the Balkan Peninsula (Fig. S1). Previous studies of xylogenesis of Pinus peuce and Pinus heldreichii from the same valley show that cell formation and transformations start about the middle of May and end in October (Ivanova et al., 2013;Ivanova, 2016). The formation of latewood in Pirin and in ecologically and climatologically similar location in Italy, occurs between July and September and the cell-wall thickening phase, to which the latewood density is strongly related, is most intense in August (Rossi et al., 2006;Deslauriers et al., 2008;Ivanova et al., 2013;Ivanova, 2016). ...
... Previous studies of xylogenesis of Pinus peuce and Pinus heldreichii from the same valley show that cell formation and transformations start about the middle of May and end in October (Ivanova et al., 2013;Ivanova, 2016). The formation of latewood in Pirin and in ecologically and climatologically similar location in Italy, occurs between July and September and the cell-wall thickening phase, to which the latewood density is strongly related, is most intense in August (Rossi et al., 2006;Deslauriers et al., 2008;Ivanova et al., 2013;Ivanova, 2016). This is the reason because of which LwBI is matching well August monthly air temperature. ...
Climate changes, their regional patterns, origin, and prediction are currently one of the most important scientific challenges. Tree-rings are among the most widely used proxies for past climate variation. However tree-ring width (TRW) from certain tree species and regions often do not contain robust climate signal. Other parameters such as Maximum latewood density (MXD) of conifer tree rings are more sensitive to summer temperatures, but the measurements have high costs. A potential surrogate for MXD is blue intensity (BI), which is based on the measurements of high-resolution images of the wood. The method has been tested and applied for several species. However it has not been tested up to now for Pinus heldreichii Christ (PIHE) and Pinus peuce Griseb. (PIPE). Those species are with limited distribution on the Balkan Peninsula and due to their longevity (frequently more than 500 years with potential to more than 1000 years) may serve as one of the best proxies for past climate variation in SE Europe.
We composed BI chronologies following standard procedures from PIHE and PIPE trees from subalpine locations in the Pirin Mts, Bulgaria. The correlation analysis with climate parameters revealed strong and significant positive correlations of PIHE BI (ΔBI and Latewood BI (LwBI) series) and summer temperatures. The highest were 0.74 (p < 0.05) with July-August average temperatures for the period 1933–1983. The correlation values of ΔBI remained higher than 0.6 for the whole period (1933–2014) and sub-periods both for average monthly and average maximum temperatures. LwBI values of the PIHE chronology had correlation coefficients above 0.52 (highest 0.64) with August and August-July temperatures. The PIPE BI chronologies were also positively correlated with summer temperatures, but showed lower values than PIHE with lower temporal stability. The most stable were the correlations with LwBI average August temperatures, which were above 0.52. Delta BI series displayed high correlations for the 1933–1983 period, but then decreased and this caused overall lower correlations with August temperatures. Our data shows that there is potential to develop long BI chronologies and proxy climate reconstructions from the studied species and in this way complement the knowledge of the past climate of SE Europe.
