Table 1 - uploaded by Budong Qian
Content may be subject to copyright.
Number of Stations Having Statistically Significant Trends in Annual and Seasonal Soil Temperature at Different Depths During 1958-2008
Source publication
Trends in soil temperature are important, but rarely reported, indicators of climate change. On the basis of the soil temperature data from 30 climate stations across Canada during 1958–2008, trends in soil temperatures at 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 150 cm depths were analyzed, together with atmospheric variables, such as air temperature, precipitatio...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... As an alternative to soil temperature observations, simulated soil temperatures derived from process-based models have been used to study the change in soil tempera- tures in response to climate change as characterized by warmer air temperatures and precipitation variability. Isard et al. [2007] studied soil temperature trends in the Great Lakes region by examining the simulated vertical profiles of soil water content and temperature, calculated using a modified form of a soil water and temperature algorithm 15 20 20 19 20 17 NST 4 7 3 3 3 5 NSPT 3 6 2 1 3 3 Jun, Jul, Aug N 2 2 2 7 2 7 2 5 2 7 2 5 NPT 15 20 18 15 18 18 NST 0 4 4 5 8 8 NSPT 0 4 3 2 8 7 Sep, Oct, Nov N 2 1 2 9 2 8 2 6 2 9 2 6 NPT 14 19 15 11 17 16 NST 0 4 2 2 3 2 NSPT 0 2 1 1 3 2 a N, number of stations (out of 30) available for trend analysis; NPT, number of stations with a positive (either statistically significant or not); NST, number of stations with a trend (positive or negative) statistically significant at the 0.05 level; NSPT, number of stations with a significant positive trend. ...
Context 2
... Only a few stations had sufficient data to estimate trends over the period 1958-2008 in annual mean soil temperature and there were only 8 stations with data at the 5 cm depth (Table 1). It appears however that seasonal mean soil temperatures increased in spring (March-April-May), especially in surface layers (e.g., 10 cm) ( Table 1). ...
Context 3
... Only a few stations had sufficient data to estimate trends over the period 1958-2008 in annual mean soil temperature and there were only 8 stations with data at the 5 cm depth (Table 1). It appears however that seasonal mean soil temperatures increased in spring (March-April-May), especially in surface layers (e.g., 10 cm) ( Table 1). A positive trend in soil temperature over time was estimated at about two-thirds of the stations at all depths from 5 to 150 cm. ...
Similar publications
An investigation of the oceanic and atmospheric conditions leading up to the major northern Australian mangrove dieback in late 2015 to identify potential stressors that contributed to the tree deaths. This study indicates that it was most likely a result of a combination of very dry atmospheric conditions and lower than average sea level. In combi...
In the last few decades we have witnessed the changes, i.e. adjusting of the attitudes of the IPCC on climate changes that await us in the future. In each of these statements, within certain scenarios, due to man's impact on the atmosphere, the expectations are expressed on a smaller or larger global temperature increase by the end of this century....
Citations
... The changes occurring across high latitudes are complex and often show contrasting spatiotemporal patterns. Although increases in air temperature are widely documented (Rantanen et al., 2022), localized and regional cooling can also occur, as has been observed over eastern Canada (Qian et al., 2011;Xie et al., 2021). In addition, changes in precipitation have been reported. ...
... dec 1 , 1997 to 2020) occurred over the Taymyr, and boreal central Siberia. In North America, annual warming in tundra exceeded the boreal (0.49 vs. 0.26°C dec 1 ) from 1980 to 2020, whereas 1997 to 2020 trends were mitigated by periods of cooling (Table S3, Figure S4 in Supporting Information S1; also observed in soil temperature records; Qian et al., 2011) except for the Alaska North Slope and Canadian Mackenzie Delta where warming extended over both periods. Rampant warming in Siberia and Alaska (based on 2000-2019 land surface temperature) was also reported by Wu et al. (2020), likely influenced by changing sea ice and air circulation patterns . ...
The high latitudes cover ∼20% of Earth's land surface. This region is facing many shifts in thermal, moisture and vegetation properties, driven by climate warming. Here we leverage remote sensing and climate reanalysis records to improve understanding of changes in ecosystem indicators. We applied non‐parametric trend detections and Getis‐Ord Gi* spatial hotspot assessments. We found substantial terrestrial warming trends across Siberia, portions of Greenland, Alaska, and western Canada. The same regions showed increases in vapor pressure deficit; changes in precipitation and soil moisture were variable. Vegetation greening and browning were widespread across both continents. Browning of the boreal zone was especially evident in autumn. Multivariate hotspot analysis indicated that Siberian ecoregions have experienced substantial, simultaneous, changes in thermal, moisture and vegetation status. Finally, we found that using regionally‐based trends alone, without local assessments, can yield largely incomplete views of high‐latitude change.
... Climate change has a cascade of indirect effects bound to happen, possibly increasing already present pressures that soil organisms experience in the environment. The most prevalent is that the rise in ambient air temperatures also increases soil temperatures (Bradford et al. 2019;Hu and Feng 2003;Qian et al. 2011). Reshotkin and Khudyakov (2019) documented a rise in soil temperatures across various soil types and depths, observing an increase of 0.5°C-1.0°C ...
The rise in global temperatures and increasing severity of heat waves pose significant threats to soil organisms, disrupting ecological balances in soil communities. Additionally, the implications of environmental pollution are exacerbated in a warmer world, as changes in temperature affect the uptake, transformation and elimination of toxicants, thereby increasing the vulnerability of organisms. Nevertheless, our understanding of such processes remains largely unexplored. The present study examines the impact of high temperatures on the uptake and effects of the fungicide fluazinam on the springtail Folsomia candida (Collembola, Isotomidae). Conducted under non‐optimum but realistic high temperatures, the experiments revealed that increased temperature hampered detoxification processes in F. candida , enhancing the toxic effects of fluazinam. High temperatures and the fungicide exerted synergistic interactions, reducing F. candida's reproduction and increasing adult mortality beyond what would be predicted by simple addition of the heat and chemical effects. These findings highlight the need to reevaluate the current ecological risk assessment and the regulatory framework in response to climate changes. This research enhances our understanding of how global warming affects the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics (TK‐TD) of chemicals in terrestrial invertebrates. In conclusion, our results suggest that adjustments to regulatory threshold values are necessary to address the impact of a changing climate.
... Qian and co-workers studied the soil temperature trends associated with climate change in Canada where he found the warming trend in soil temperatures which was associated with trends in air temperatures and snow cover depth over the period of 30 years. It is also observed that a significant decreasing trend in snow cover depth in winter and spring was associated with increasing air temperatures (Qian et al., 2011). As with soil moisture, soil temperature is a prime mover in most soil processes. ...
Climate change poses a significant threat to various ecosystems and
natural resources, with the soil ecosystem being particularly crucial. Soil
supports agriculture, biodiversity, and overall ecosystem functioning.
Climate change impacts on soil properties are complex, involving rising
soil temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, and increased extreme weather
events. These changes lead to greater soil erosion, disrupted nutrient
cycling, reduced soil organic matter, and heightened soil salinity. As a
result, soil fertility, water-holding capacity, microbial activity, and
overall soil health can all be adversely affected, jeopardizing agricultural
productivity, agroecosystem services, and human livelihoods. Therefore,
integrated mitigation and adaptation strategies are necessary at both micro
and macro levels to address climate change impacts. Adaptation strategies
are vital for enhancing soil resilience and maintaining productivity under
changing climate conditions, while mitigation strategies help reduce
greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.
... The regulation of soil temperature affects phenological crop stages, making it crucial for adapting to climate-induced extremes and for innovations in precision farming practices [6,7]. Thus, amendments like biochar are investigated for their potential to modulate soil thermal characteristics, aiming to enhance geotechnical structure performance and optimize agricultural productivity in the face of changing climatic conditions [8,9]. ...
The role of biochar (a carbon negative material) in modifying soil thermal properties, a critical aspect in advancing soil management and geotechnical engineering practices have been studied in literature. However, its understanding with respect to unsaturated soil perspective and also from production of biochar (i.e., feedstock type) is rare. This is crucial for advancing the basic understanding of soil–biochar–water–atmospheric interactions. The objective of this study is to critically analyze the influence of biochar on unsaturated soil thermal properties and also to conduct an experiment to verify biochar type’s (produced from different feedstocks) effect on the thermal conductivity of biochar-amended soil. The analysis indicates that biochar typically reduces soil thermal conductivity and diffusivity. However, its impact on soil heat capacity remains ambiguous, with studies showing contrasting results. This study attributes these discrepancies to variations in biochar type, content, and soil type. Based on the review, it was found that the gas phase demonstrates the most substantial impact on soil thermal properties. In contrast, the liquid phase primarily affects variations in soil heat capacity. Inconsistencies in understanding influence of biochar on soil thermal properties have been observed in this review. Based on the experiments, it was found that more porous structure of peach pit biochar enhances thermal conductivity of kaolin clay at near degree of saturation followed by that of Reed and Apple wood. Future research should focus on the differential impacts of various biochar and soil types, emphasizing controlled laboratory studies to unravel the complex interactions between biochar, soil heat capacity, and moisture content. This approach is crucial for resolving ongoing debates and harnessing biochar’s full potential in soil thermal management.
... The disruption of soil aggregates by highintensity rainfall, temperature increase and decreased organic matter content (exacerbate issues such as compaction, runoff, and erosion) Qian et al. (2011) investigated the connection between climate change trends and soil temperature trends, finding a strong correlation between soil temperature and air temperature trends, and the depth of snow cover over a 30-year period. They observed a notable decrease in snow cover depth corresponding to an increase in air temperature. ...
... The disruption of soil aggregates by highintensity rainfall, temperature increase and decreased organic matter content (exacerbate issues such as compaction, runoff, and erosion) Qian et al. (2011) investigated the connection between climate change trends and soil temperature trends, finding a strong correlation between soil temperature and air temperature trends, and the depth of snow cover over a 30-year period. They observed a notable decrease in snow cover depth corresponding to an increase in air temperature. ...
... Without the protection of snow, the soil is not well protected against changes in ambient temperature. Freezing and thawing processes during this period are mainly influenced by ambient temperatures [43]. During the early part of the IT period, when air temperatures begin to rise, thicker snow prevents soil temperatures from rising, and as temperatures continue to rise, snow infiltration becomes more intense, while at the same time snow thickness becomes shallower and the ability to inhibit soil temperatures from rising in response to ambient temperatures diminishes [44]. ...
Soil freeze–thaw processes and snowmelt infiltration have a significant impact on the hydrological cycle and ecosystem productivity in alpine pastoral areas. To investigate the driving mechanism of snow on soil freeze-thaw processes, a meteorological station was established in the southern part of Namatso Lake, Tibet to collect environmental data. The study included analyzing the relationship between soil temperature and humity, as well as assessing soil freeze-thaw characteristics and the evolution of soil frost heave over time. The freeze-thaw frequency was significantly 43% lower at the surface soil, and the freeze-thaw intensity decreased when the ground was snow-covered. During the initial freezing period, precipitation and soil humidity remain relatively low, and soil moisture decreases linearly with decreasing soil temperature, which occurs in the phenomenon of soil freeze-shrink. During the initial thawing period, snowmelt infiltration impacts soil humidity, and soil frost heave increases logarithmically, reaching a maximum of 5.2 mm, driven by freeze-thaw. Soil moisture decreases under topsoil evaporation in the later stage and again follows a linear trend with the soil temperature. This study not only reveals the correlation between soil temperature and humidity during different freeze-thaw periods but also enhances the understanding of soil deformation patterns under the influence of snow accumulation.
... In such a case, the influence of vegetation on T s cannot be reflected by the corrected T s present here. This also partly explains the more dramatic T s warming in China compared to vegetation-cover areas (Qian et al., 2011). ...
The ground surface represents the land‐atmosphere interface and plays a crucial role in exchanging energy, matter, and biochemical fluxes. The ground surface temperature (Ts) is hence widely investigated as an indicator to understand the thermal state of soil in a warming world. However, regular and continuous Ts measurements are rare worldwide, and the early Ts records were derived from snow surface measurements and are not comparable with the measurements of modern automatic systems. In this study, we reconstruct the Ts records of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) for 1956–2022 by numerical simulation. The results show that the mean annual ground surface temperature (MAGST) during 1981–2010 ranged from 0.4 to 30.8°C at 632 stations. The MAGST was mainly controlled by air temperature and refined by snow depth. The overall MAGST increased by 0.20 ± 0.02°C dec⁻¹ across China during 1956–2022 and showed pronounced interdecadal variability corresponding to the surface air temperature (0.23 ± 0.03°C dec⁻¹). At the snow‐covered sites, the Ts warming was amplified by increased snow depth, leading to about 0.24°C dec⁻¹ (or 70.6%) faster warming for Ts in winter compared to that of surface air temperature. Many of the early reported ground surface temperature studies based on CMA measurements did not consider the measurement inconsistency and likely overestimated the warming trend of ground surface temperature over China.
... Additionally, a thorough analysis conducted between 1950 and 2003 at meteorological stations in fifteen Middle Eastern nations revealed an increase in the frequency of hot day repetitions while a notable decrease in the frequency of dam days followed by air precipitation was noted (Zhang et al. 2005). The study of changes in regional and global values of temperature and precipitation in different regions of the world such as America (DeGaetano 1996), Canada (Qian et al. 2011), Australia (Frederiksen and Osbrough 2022), Mongolia (Dashkhuu et al. 2015), and China (Shi et al. 2023) has been carried out. Many studies with different indicators such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI) have been investigated the effect of drought in Iran and world. ...
In the current study, three optimistic (SSP1-2.6), medium (SSP2-4.5), and pessimistic (SSP5-8.5) scenarios were used to examine changes in precipitation based on the sixth phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) in the Gorganrood watershed over two time periods: the near future (2021–2060) and the far future (2061–2100). To do this, the rainfall of 27 meteorological stations was studied. Using the RClimdex software in the R software, precipitation extreme indicators (11 indicators) were determined for different scenarios and periods, and Mann-Kendall (MK) and Sen’s estimator tests were then used to detect the trend. The results showed that in the near future under SSP1-2.6, the indicators of consecutive dry days (CDD) and consecutive wet days (CWD) have a significant downward and upward trend, respectively. While in the SSP5-8.5, the indicators of maximum five-day rainfall (RX1day), CDD, number of very wet days (R95p) and total wet day precipitation (PRCPTOT) have a significant downward trend in some stations. Similarly, in the far future, in the SSP5-8.5, the trend of rainfall indicators is insignificant compared to the near future, but still a significant decreasing trend can be seen in R95p, R99p, and PRCPTOT. Z score index (ZI) values in both future periods showed that drought peaks occurred in the optimistic scenario and drought peaks occurred in the pessimistic scenario, and almost normal conditions prevailed in the intermediate scenario. The results can be effective in policies to deal with global warming and climate change.
Graphical Abstract
... Projections for the future indicate a significant rise in air temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, which present a considerable challenge to sustainable crop production (IPCC 2023). Moreover, global environmental changes are expected to impact soil thermal cycles, leading to larger areas of crops experiencing warmer temperatures (Qian et al. 2011;Kurylyk et al. 2014;Hatfield and Dold 2017;Santos et al. 2019). ...
A slight increase in air or soil temperature above the optimal range for potato cultivation can afect its performance in diferent regions of the world. To assess the potential impacts of future climatic conditions in southern Chile, a feld experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2021/2022 and 2022/2023) to examine the efects of an increase in air (+3–4 °C) and soil (+2–3 °C) temperatures on biomass accumulation and growth dynamics of one modern potato genotype and three Chilean native potato genotypes. To increase the temperature during the entire crop cycle, passive heating systems (i.e. open-top chambers and polyethylene mulch) were employed in this study. Our results showed that the commercial genotype Asterix had a yield reduction across all warmer treatments due to increased air and/or soil temperature. In contrast, the Chilean native potatoes had a comparative advantage against high air temperatures but not against higher soil temperatures. As expected, tuber yield changes coincided with variations in architecture and growth dynamics, difering among the diferent potato genotypes. Warmer soils would strongly infuence the partitioning of assimilates to tubers, resulting in lower yields at higher temperatures.
