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This study examines the implications of cybercrime and weak cybersecurity defense for Nigeria's national security and digital economy from the perspective of nontraditional discourse within international security debates. The research adopted a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis, with both primary and secondary source data employe...
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... addition to data presented earlier, we should note that digital growth indicators from 2019 to 2020 show that mobile connections increased by 12 million (+7.7 percent), the number of internet users grew by 2.2 million (2.6 percent), and active social media users increased by 3.4 million (14 percent). These data substantiate the conclusion that Nigeria has been going digital rapidly in recent years: for example, from 2013 to 2019 the number of internet users increased from 51 million to 93 million, as seen in figure 2. And yet, not all of our sources viewed the prospects of and challenges to cybersecurity in Nigeria in identical ways. ...
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Citations
... This evolution requires strong cybersecurity policies to reduce risks, especially for countries like Nigeria, which encounter increasing cyber dangers with fast digitization. Cyber risks put government data at risk, allow cyberterrorism, and facilitate financial fraud, they have a direct influence on national security (Sule et al., 2021). Additionally, cybersecurity flaws impede the expansion of e-commerce and deter foreign investment, which hinders the digital economy (Ferguson, 2024). ...
... Ransomware, phishing, and disinformation increased during the 2023 elections, exposing infrastructure weaknesses. Economic challenges have increased financial crimes and insider threats (Sule et al., 2021). According to Delliote (2024) assessment, ransomware, phishing, and disinformation were among the cyber events that increased during the general elections in 2023, exposing weaknesses in vital infrastructure. ...
... According to Sule et al. (2021), these collaborations can help nations like Nigeria who are struggling with a lack of resources and skilled laborers by facilitating technical support, collaborative research, capacity building, and common frameworks. Global best practices, as detailed in the UNICC study, include ongoing monitoring, user awareness initiatives, vulnerability management, and collaborative cyber defense infrastructure (UNICC, 2023). ...
Nigeria's growing reliance on technology makes the country a prime target for state-sponsored cyberattacks. As cyberwarfare evolves, countries increasingly utilize cyber operations, posing threats to national security and economic stability. State-sponsored attacks targeting critical infrastructure can disrupt essential services. This paper evaluates Nigeria's readiness to defend against such attacks by examining cybersecurity policies, incident response capabilities, and international cooperation. Through a comparative analysis, the study identifies strengths and weaknesses of Nigeria's cybersecurity posture and offers recommendations for enhancing resilience against state-sponsored cyber threats. The role of international partnerships and capacity-building initiatives in bolstering Nigeria's cybersecurity defenses is discussed.
... As more government operations move online, the risk of cyber-attacks and data breaches increases. Inadequate cybersecurity measures can compromise the integrity of digital governance systems, potentially exposing sensitive information and eroding public trust in these initiatives (Sule, Yahaya, Sambo & Mat, 2021). ...
This study investigated the perspectives of residents in Nigeria's South-South region of Nigeria on the role of digital communication in promoting transparency and accountability in governance. The objectives of the research were threefold: to determine if digital communication is being utilised in the pursuit of transparency and accountability in governance in Nigeria; to assess the extent to which digital communication is being deployed in this pursuit; and to identify the challenges associated with digital communication in achieving transparency and accountability in governance in Nigeria. Using a quantitative approach, the study surveyed 385 residents in the South-South region. It made use of the Social Influence Theory (SIT) and the Technological Determinism Theory (TDT). The study found that digital communication is minimally employed in the quest for transparency and accountability in governance in Nigeria. The study also discovered that digital communication is being deployed in a low extent in the quest for transparency and accountability in governance in Nigeria. The findings further revealed that there are significant challenges hindering the effective use of digital communication in governance, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of digital literacy, and regulatory hurdles. It concluded that digital communication has the potential to enhance transparency and accountability in governance in Nigeria, but its effectiveness is contingent upon addressing the identified challenges. It was recommended that policymakers and stakeholders prioritise addressing these challenges to unlock the full potential of digital communication in promoting transparency and accountability in governance. Specifically, the study suggests that the government should invest in digital infrastructure, implement digital literacy programmes, and streamline regulatory processes to facilitate the effective use of digital communication in governance.
... Hamisu et al (2021) revealed that despite government efforts, the threat of cybercrime in Nigeria is still high, as criminals continue to take advantage of flaws in socio-technical systems. Sule et al. (2021) observed that cybercrime is unchecked and thriving in Nigeria. They believed a learning system in an online environment will deter cybercrime. ...
... It is a diagrammatic way of exploring, acknowledging, and defining the messy problem situation. Cybercrime is flourishing in Nigeria undetected (Sule et al, 2021;Bello, 2017;Omodunbi et al, 2016). There is poor equipment for the detection and prevention of cybercrime in Nigeria (Omodunbi et al, 2016). ...
... Also, a low knowledge base resulting from low research into cybercrime and increasing dependence on online activities creates new possibilities and vulnerabilities for criminal behaviour to thrive (Marttila et al, 2021). The increase in successful cybercrime in commercial banks alone up to 537 per cent is an incentive for cybercrime increase (Sule et al, 2021;Ogunjobi, 2020;Eya and Odo, 2019). The motivation to indulge in cybercrime is the desire the acquire wealth as quickly as possible (Ho and Luong, 2022;Sule et al, 2021;Ogunjobi, 2020). ...
Social learning is still useful in explaining criminal behaviour. Cybercrime is on the increase in Nigeria, with a 537 per cent growth in attacks on commercial banks alone in 2017. Cybercrime in Nigeria is heterogeneous; therefore, cybercrime studies interest policymakers, businesses, and researchers. This study used the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to assess cybercrime in Nigeria within the framework of social learning. SSM revealed incentives for cybercrime and actions needed for cybercrime deterrence. Some incentives revealed in the study include poor family religious attitude, unemployment, poor law enforcement capabilities, poor legal framework, and victims' vulnerabilities. Incentives create a favourable environment for cybercrime growth. We found that improved government actions in legislation, law enforcement, and socioeconomic conditions will lead to cybercrime deterrence. Further findings revealed that an improvement in awareness, knowledge, and information on cybercrime will reduce victims' vulnerability to cybercriminal attacks. We conclude that SSM can provide a holistic method for solving the cybercrime problem in Nigeria. It brings out definitive actions to be taken by actors toward cybercrime deterrence in Nigeria. We recommend the use of SSM in solving unstructured cybercrime problems in Nigeria.
... Ransomware attacks, which target businesses and critical infrastructure, are increasingly common. Online platforms are often used for cyberbullying and harassment of individuals, especially women and children [7]. These are just a few examples of the diverse and pervasive nature of cybercrime in Nigeria. ...
The digital revolution has presented significant opportunities, but it has also introduced new threats, such as cybercrime. Nigeria is facing substantial cyber threats, which cost billions of Naira and impact individuals and businesses. The challenges include inadequate awareness, weak legal frameworks, limited digital literacy, and poor cyber hygiene. To enhance cybersecurity in Nigeria, a multi-pronged approach is necessary. This includes advanced cybersecurity tools, robust legal frameworks, education campaigns, capacity building, and public-private partnerships. Success stories from other countries, such as Singapore and Kenya, offer valuable lessons for Nigeria. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-pronged framework to improve cybersecurity in Nigeria. By adopting these frameworks and best practices as well as working together, Nigeria can create a secure and prosperous digital future.
... Cybercrime has emerged as a pressing problem in the country, necessitating a comprehensive investigative analysis to understand its dynamics and devise effective countermeasures. Cybercrime is thriving in Nigeria undetected, affecting its critical national infrastructure, causing prolonged terrorism, affecting national security and the safety of national environment due to weak cyber security capability [1]. ...
Cybercrime or computer related crime is a criminal activity carried out with the aid of computer and the internet. The internet has contributed to the growth and development of the Nigerian economy and the world at large. However, the correlation between the growth of the internet and cybercrime in Nigeria is directly proportional to each other. Cyber insecurity is one of the biggest vices threatening the growth and advancement of the Nigerian economy. This paper provides investigative analysis of cybercrime in Nigeria using “theft triangle”. Theft triangle comprises of the three key elements that must be present before theft can take place which are “desire, motive and opportunity”. Nevertheless, since the desire and motive of a criminal cannot easily be controlled, the paper focuses more on “opportunity” as a measure to enhance the security of cyberspace in Nigeria. An experimental set-up was done to determine the security of cyberspace when “opportunity” was not controlled and when it was controlled over a period of time. The investigation revealed that cyberspace is subject to theft when “opportunity” was not controlled than when it was controlled. Hence, the study suggests appropriate modalities to enhance the security of cyberspace in Nigeria.
... The potential victim of cybercrime exhibits two types of vulnerability: first, those outlined by criminological theories like L-RAT and SCT; second, those resulting from the deregulated, compulsive usage of the Web access device (smartphone in our work). Also, (Babayo, Bakri, Usman, Mohammed, & Muhammad, 2021), examined the implications of cybercrime and poor network security for Nigeria's digital age and national security from the perspective of alternative existing international discourse talks, using qualitative methodology, the study suggests that in order to deter crime, improve national security, and foster the digital economy, Nigeria should take steps to fortify its digital and cyber environment. ...
... This study's results suggested that Cloud-security has a considerable and favorable influence on fraud prevention in Nigerian commercial banks. This research corroborated with Babayo et al. (2021), who looked at the ramifications of cyber-crime and insufficient cyber-security protection for Nigeria's digital economy and national security using research data collected from both primary and secondary sources and analysis, taking a qualitative approach. ...
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of cyber-security on fraud prevention in Nigerian commercial banks. Method: The researcher collected primary data through the interview (WhatsApp video call) conducted with the senior employees of the respective commercial banks who know the subject matter. Result: The outcomes of the research demonstrated that cloud security statistically increases fraud prevention in Nigeria; also, that application security statistically increases fraud prevention in Nigeria. Contributions: it was suggested that Nigerian financial industry should be able to effectively detect fraudulent transactions and prevent them from causing financial or reputational damage to the customers or other financial institutions (FI), also, there should be a special awareness program to educate the public on how to always use strong passwords for their devices to prevent hacking, loss of money, or other resources. Novelties: The variables adopted in this study as well as the sample size, results, and recommendations have not been used by eminent scholars in this manner. Limitations: the results of this study would be limited to commercial banks in Nigeria, and therefore may not apply to other sectors of the economy. Similar studies were suggested to be carried out, covering other sectors of the economy to validate these results. Keywords: 1. Cyber Security 2. Cloud Security 3. Application Security 4. Fraud Prevention 5. Commercial Banks
E-administration solves several issues with conventional bureaucratic methods, and its application is essential to modern governance; the increase in time efficiency is one important benefit. E-administration shortens the time needed to perform and provide public services by automating repetitive processes. In the Nigerian Federal Civil Service, where protracted bureaucratic procedures have traditionally impeded service delivery, this efficiency is especially crucial and it is being targeted through the deployment of e-administration in the civil service procedures since the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, this paper is an exploration of impacts of e-administration in achieving time efficiency in service delivery by the Federal Civil Service in Nigeria. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as its theoretical framework, the paper discussed how e-administration impacts time efficiency in Nigeria's Federal Civil Service delivery following the COVID-19 outbreak. The paper adopted a qualitative and analytical approach using data from secondary sources which included government records, journals and online resources. This paper emphasized how digital solutions enhanced the replacement of manual, paper-based processes in the Federal Civil Service after Covid 19. It further revealed how time efficiency in the delivery of public services has improved because of e-administration. Citizens now receive more dependable services as a result of digital platforms' ability to handle documents, execute tasks and run online applications more quickly. The paper however identified enduring difficulties associated with the adoption of e-administration in the Federal Civil Service of Nigeria. The shortcomings include unequal access to e-administration which has inspired huge digital divide between urban centers and rural areas where public service deliveries are equally needed. Another challenged identified is associated with reluctance to change as many personnel in the civil service lack the inspiration to acquire digital skills. The paper also considered publicly expressed worries about data security as a limitation. The paper concluded that digital service integration should be standardized across public service systems and departments and address digital infrastructural deficit that would ensure cut edge access to internet and digital tools including in the rural areas, so that the objective of achieving time efficiency in service delivery through e-administration could be optimally realized.
The prevalence of cybercrimes in Nigeria has exhibited a consistent upward trajectory in recent years. This paper aims to offer a comprehensive assessment of the rate of cybercrime and cybersecurity incidents in Nigeria over a specified period. The study utilizes data sourced from the Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) as well as a distributed survey administered to a diverse cohort of students, staff, and workers. Employing basic statistical analysis and nearest neighbour analysis, the study's findings reveal a significant surge in cybercrime rates in recent times, particularly within sectors encompassing social, financial, and educational domains, among others. Furthermore, there are indications that cybercrimes may continue to escalate exponentially in the future, unless substantial countermeasures are implemented. Despite the commendable efforts of smaller stakeholders and institutions to combat such malfeasance, a substantial coordinated response is imperative. This research underscores the persistent increase of cybercrime over time, largely attributed to inadequate action from government bodies, stakeholders, and regulatory agencies. Consequently, it is recommended that law enforcement agencies and regulatory entities intensify their efforts to monitor and address these criminal activities. Ultimately, proactive initiatives should be directed towards safeguarding the most vulnerable demographic groups against cybercrime victimization.
