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Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) plots based on Bray-Curtis similarity of surface covered by fouling hydroids in the succession and colonization experiments. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195352.g004
Source publication
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195352.].
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Citations
... Based on the species accumulation curve, the Hydrozoa taxocene recorded in the ESA proved to be sufficient to approximate the species richness under this simplified sampling procedure. It has been shown that a more complete approach to assessing Hydrozoa diversity involves increasing the sampling coverage in terms of space, seasons, circadian phenomena (nocturnal habits and cryptic species on substrates), depth, ecosystems [84]; additionally for hydrozoans such as Obelia, whose development is benefited by artificial structures of the coastal and offshore industry (e.g., aquaculture facilities, artificial reefs, boats, buoys, oil platforms, piers, etc.) [85][86][87]. Although this study has spatial and temporal limitations, the species richness of Hydrozoa in the ESA was approximately half of that recorded from the Insular system of the Gulf of California (68 species) [55]. ...
The cnidarians of the class Hydrozoa comprise 3720 species, are globally distributed, and can have complex life cycles. In the Espíritu Santo Archipelago (ESA), Mexico, hydrozoans are understudied, and, for this reason, the present work describes the taxocene of hydrozoans and their oceanographic preferences in the area. Hydrozoans were collected at 12 sampling stations in the archipelago during the temperate season; these organisms were morphologically identified and a systematic list including socioenvironmental attributes (SEA) was created. Species richness was used to assess the representativeness of the sampling and identify the distribution of species assemblages in relation to their SEA and environmental factors. In total, 31 species were described, representing 70% of the area’s potential diversity, and 97% of observations described species that had not yet been recorded in the area. Native, cryptogenic, and exotic species were found, including stinging and harvestable species. Groups with low, medium and high species richness were distributed heterogeneously, forming a spatial aggregation pattern. The results of this work suggest that the ESA has a highly diverse taxocene, with SEA and spatial aggregate structure relevant for integrative management and conservation of hydrozoans in natural protected areas.
... Based on the species accumulation curve, the Hydrozoa taxocene recorded in the ESA proved to be sufficient to approximate the species richness under this simplified sampling procedure. It has been shown that a more complete approach to assessing Hydrozoa diversity involves increasing the sampling coverage in terms of space, seasons, circadian phenomena (nocturnal habits and cryptic species on substrates), depth, ecosystems [84]; additionally for hydrozoans such as Obelia, whose development is benefited by artificial structures of the coastal and offshore industry (e.g., aquaculture facilities, artificial reefs, boats, buoys, oil platforms, piers, etc.) [85][86][87]. Although this study has spatial and temporal limitations, the species richness of Hydrozoa in the ESA was approximately half of that recorded from the Insular system of the Gulf of California (68 species) [55]. ...
The cnidarians of the class Hydrozoa comprise 3720 species, are globally distributed, and can have complex life cycles. In the Espíritu Santo Archipelago (ESA), Mexico, hydrozoans are understudied, and, for this reason, the present work describes the taxocene of hydrozoans and their oceanographic preferences in the area. Hydrozoans were collected at 12 sampling stations in the archipelago during the temperate season; these organisms were morphologically identified and a systematic list including socioenvironmental attributes (SEA) was created. Species richness was used to assess the representativeness of the sampling and identify the distribution of species assemblages in relation to their SEA and environmental factors. In total, 31 species were described, representing 70% of the area’s potential diversity, and 97% of observations described species that had not yet been recorded in the area. Native, cryptogenic, and exotic species were found, including stinging and harvestable species. Groups with low, medium and high species richness were distributed heterogeneously, forming a spatial aggregation pattern. The results of this work suggest that the ESA has a highly diverse taxocene, with SEA and spatial aggregate structure relevant for integrative management and conservation of hydrozoans in natural protected areas.
