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Nicholas Senn of Chicago was an early pioneer of experimental surgical research, and his contributions to the evolution of pancreatic surgery were particularly noteworthy. Despite his enthusiasm for the area, his evaluation of contemporary work in the field led him to a pessimistic conclusion regarding the viability of pancreatic surgery. As a prescient, thoug~ttful individual he cautioned his colleagues as to the utility of surgery for pancreatic disease.

Nicholas Senn of Chicago was an early pioneer of experimental surgical research, and his contributions to the evolution of pancreatic surgery were particularly noteworthy. Despite his enthusiasm for the area, his evaluation of contemporary work in the field led him to a pessimistic conclusion regarding the viability of pancreatic surgery. As a prescient, thoug~ttful individual he cautioned his colleagues as to the utility of surgery for pancreatic disease.

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The evolution of surgery for pancreatitic disease has been arduous owing to the technical difficulties of addressing the organ and the lack of understanding the mechanisms of the disease processes involving it. In particular, the tardy advance of surgery in the management of chronic pancreatitis exemplifies these problems. Because no specific targe...

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... of the problems of pancreatic disease, Nicholas Senn ) in 1886 commented in one of his earliest papers, "The surgery of the pancreas, as based upon experiments and clinical research," on what he recognized as a vexatious problem (Fig. 7). Senn demonstrated that experimental extirpation of the pancreas in animals was "invariably followed by death" [42]. Although prior experiments by Brunner in 1672and Mering (1849-1908) in 1889 had not drawn such an absolute conclusion [43]. Nevertheless, it was evident to surgeons of any experience that most pancreatic surgery (whether ...

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