Neural dynamics in the concept processing network. (A) The three seeds are marked orthographic (red), superordinate (green, see Fig. 3), and basic-level toolselective (purple, see Fig. 4) sensor groups. (B) Average ERP of all sensors that show an orthographic response (shown in red in (A)) shows significant adaptation of the

Contexts in source publication

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... human electrophysiology recordings ( Cui et al., 2008;Gregoriou et al., 2009;Seth et al., 2015). In this work, we computed Granger Causality within each subject at the single trial level between all pairs of channels in the left anterior temporal superordinate-classification, parietal basic-level tool, and left posterior orthographic sensors (see Fig. 5A). We used the BSMART toolbox ( Cui et al., 2008) with a model order of 15 and a sliding temporal window of 60 ms. We only used artifact-free trials for which correct responses were given. Before computing the Granger Causality, we performed the standard preprocessing step of subtracting the temporal mean of each trial (in each channel) ...

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... representations -a key prediction of two-stage models of category learning. Specifically, we investigated whether activity at orthographically-selective sensors directly modulated activity in dorsal tool-selective sensors. To do so, we first identified a high-level perceptual (orthography) selective cluster ( Fig. 5A; see methods), putatively identifying the "visual word form area", VWFA (Brem et al., Source estimation of within-tools classification shown in panels A and B. The locus of above-chance classification during the time window of classification was estimated in source space to the left parietal lobe (n ¼ 10; α < 0.002; one-tailed p ¼ .025). The three ...

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... Dehaene- Lambertz et al., 2018;Maurer et al., 2005) -the highest orthographically selective stage in the ventral visual pathway. This cluster showed a significant adaptation effect between 148 and 178 ms with a peak difference at 162 ms ( Fig. 5B; cluster-defining α ¼ 0.002, two-tailed p ¼ .034). This orthographic N170 cluster overlapped in both space and time with those reported in previous EEG studies (Maurer et al., 2005;Scholl et al., 2013). The ERP for these sensors showed an N170 response during the first word with the negative deflection starting at 150 ms post-stimulus ...

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... 5B; cluster-defining α ¼ 0.002, two-tailed p ¼ .034). This orthographic N170 cluster overlapped in both space and time with those reported in previous EEG studies (Maurer et al., 2005;Scholl et al., 2013). The ERP for these sensors showed an N170 response during the first word with the negative deflection starting at 150 ms post-stimulus onset (Fig. 5B inset). The sensors in this cluster were used as our orthographic ...

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... bands and time points (see Materials and Methods), we found evidence that theta-frequency (but not alpha or beta) activity in orthography-selective sensors significantly modulated activity in parietal tool-selective sensors from 204 to 214 ms and 244-284 ms post-stimulus onset -just prior to the onset of basic-level tool representations ( Fig. 5C; two-tailed p < .05 FDR ...