Network of stationary points for morphodynamic monitoring of the Kaliningrad coast. (a) -Vistula Spit, (b) -Sambian Peninsula, (c) -Curonian Spit (adapted from Bobykina and Boldyrev 2008, Fig. 2-4)

Network of stationary points for morphodynamic monitoring of the Kaliningrad coast. (a) -Vistula Spit, (b) -Sambian Peninsula, (c) -Curonian Spit (adapted from Bobykina and Boldyrev 2008, Fig. 2-4)

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A review of morphological and morphodynamic studies of the coast of the Kaliningrad oblast has been carried out for half a century. The studies include monitoring measurements by the Atlantic Branch of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (AB IO RAS) with the participation of the state institute Baltberegozashchit...

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Context 1
... 2002, AB IO RAS established its own network of 70 stationary coast benchmarks located on typical morphodynamic sections of the sea and flood coast, covering the Russian part of the Vistula and Curonian spits and the entire Sambian Peninsula (Fig. 3). Altitude profiling of beach and foredunes is carried out annually on the spits and accumulative sections of the Sambian Peninsula. The distance from a benchmark to the upper edge of the cliff is measured on abrasion sections of the Sambian Peninsula, and the displacement of the upper bend (edge) of the seaward slope of the foredune is ...

Citations

... According to publications in recent years (Jarmalavičius, et al., 2012;Бобыкина, 2015;Pupienis et al., 2017;Бабаков, 2018;Zaromskis, 2018;Žilinskas, et al., 2007;2018;Стонт, 2019), the Curonian -Baltic barrier is developing under conditions of sea level rising and storm activity intensification. However, within the frontal part of the barrier, the morphodynamic situation is ambiguous. ...
... A protective foredune ridge varies in height between 3-15 m, largely constructed by human activity as a protection from storm surges. Its width and height preclude overwash, however, occasionally the protective dune is breached creating temporary surface channels, especially along its root at the Lesnoy settlement, Russia (Boldyrev et al. 1990;Boldyrev 1998;Gudelis 1998;Zhamoida et al. 2009;Sergeyev, Zhamoyda 2012;Bobykina, Stont 2015;Babakov 2018;Kalina 2019;Stont et al. 2019). Historically, the situation was different and over the past 500 years, there were a number of breaches, namely: 1497, 1630, 1642, 1673, 1680, 1706, 1714, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1796, 1895, 1899, 1967, 1983, 1990(Boldyrev et al. 1990Gudelis 1998). ...
Article
In the coastal zone of the oceans, coastal barriers are quite widespread. Within their limits, inlets periodically arise and exist for a certain time, which is of great geological, hydrological, ecological, and navigational significance. Along the coasts where tidal fluctuations predominate, tidal inlets stand out, which are quite well studied in terms of genesis, morpho-, hydro- and litho-dynamics. Inland, semi-isolated marine basins, where tidal fluctuations do not reach a significant amplitude, are called non-tidal seas. Within the coastal barriers of non-tidal seas, channels periodically arise and develop, which are called breaches or prorvas. Breaches are quite often mentioned in the specialized literature along the coasts of non-tidal seas, but they have not been purposefully studied. In this article, we tried to analyze the conditions for the formation of prorvas within non-tidal seas based on many years of research. We have identified four hydrodynamic situations in which breaches are formed. The presented variety of situations allows us to identify and describe four genetic types of prorvas: storm-generated, storm-surge-generated, wind-stress-generated, and river-stress (fluvially induced). The presented article is the first attempt to analyze the genetic characteristics of the breaches.
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The Kaliningrad Region is physiographically a mosaic and travel-attractive part of the SE Baltic coast. The Sambia Peninsula, the geomorphically most interesting, E-W-oriented extension of the mainland, has been shaped by past dynamic processes, starting with the Precambrian tectonics, the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sea transitions, the Last Ice Age glaciations, the post-glacial riverine network formation, and the present shoreline erosion. The complex geological and palaeogeographical history generated a broad variety of geo-forms and landscapes, relicts of which are seen from the sea coast to the mainland. Rich fossils sealed in ancient, well-stratified formations of specific lithologies, with the famous Palaeogene amber beds, provide witness of past natural settings with flourishing life forms. The great geo-diversity of the peninsula underscores its scientific value as well as national and international tourism significance, adding to the historical architectural sites of this area. Some of these geomorphologically and geologically valuable places are increasingly threatened, besides anthropogenic factors, by storm surges, gravity flows and aeolian activity, causing progressing erosion along undercut cliffs, slumping and degradation of sand dune fields, among other geo-hazards. Survey, mapping and publicity of unique geo-sites are a proviso for their registration in natural heritage programmes with the implementation of appropriate geo-environmental protection strategies in balance with land-use management. This paper outlines the scientific, educational and touristic potential of the national geoheritage in the frame of the Baltic Sea coast geo-conservation initiatives.