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Debates on the interrelationship, interdependences, synergies, and trade-offs on water–energy–food nexus have underscored the need for new methods to explore and understand the complexity of these relevant issues, particularly methods that are capable of representing the interrelationships between sectors. In this chapter, we discuss the utility of...
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... can contribute to understand of the need to identify insufficient discourses, which in turn correspond to incomplete (or even competing) agendas in the face of the breadth and interdependence that must be recognized in the pursuit of sustainable development. Figure 1 shows the network of keywords applied to the corpus using the T-Lab's tool sequence and network analysis, which takes into account the positions of the various lexical units relative to one another, and permits to represent and explore any text as a network. From this Figure, it is possible to observe links between words such as water resources, biofuels, food, ethanol, government, politics, among others. ...
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Citations
... The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus has emerged as a conceptual framework for highlighting scarcity concerns and interdependencies between the three natural resource streams (Ringler, Bhaduri, and Lawford, 2013), with an aim of reducing trade-offs, maximize synergies, and promote resource efficiency (Albrecht, Crootof and Scott, 2018). However, previous nexus definitions have been water-centric (Smajgl, Ward and Pluschke, 2016;Urbinatti et al., 2020) and food-centric (Benites Lazaro et al., 2021), thus undermining the desired cross-sectoral approach. ...
... The number of studies on the nexus has grown exponentially since 2011 (Bazilian et al., 2011;Cairns and Krzywoszynska, 2016;Wichelns, 2017;Newell et al., 2019;Opejin et al., 2020) with various definitions of the nexus, covering different sectors, stakeholders and spatio-temporal scales (Siddiqi and Anadon, 2011;Karlberg et al., 2015;Keskinen et al., 2015;King and Jaafar, 2015;Sušnik, 2018;Roggema and Yan, 2019;Wada et al., 2019;Bakhshianlamouki et al., 2020;Imasiku and Ntagwirumugara, 2020;Khan et al., 2020;Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021;Elagib et al., 2021;Lazaro et al., 2021;Wild et al., 2021). The resulting ambiguity of the definition and scope of the nexus has been identified as a key barrier to operationalizing nexus methods in practice (Endo et al., 2017;Weitz et al., 2017;Wichelns, 2017;Albrecht et al., 2018;Urbinatti et al., 2020a;Urbinatti et al., 2020a;Hogeboom et al., 2021). ...
Water, energy, and food are all essential components of human societies. Collectively, their respective resource systems are interconnected in what is called the “nexus”. There is growing consensus that a holistic understanding of the interdependencies and trade-offs between these sectors and other related systems is critical to solving many of the global challenges they present. While nexus research has grown exponentially since 2011, there is no unified, overarching approach, and the implementation of concepts remains hampered by the lack of clear case studies. Here, we present the results of a collaborative thought exercise involving 75 scientists and summarize them into 10 key recommendations covering: the most critical nexus issues of today, emerging themes, and where future efforts should be directed. We conclude that a nexus community of practice to promote open communication among researchers, to maintain and share standardized datasets, and to develop applied case studies will facilitate transparent comparisons of models and encourage the adoption of nexus approaches in practice.
... The number of studies on the nexus has grown exponentially since 2011 (Bazilian et al., 2011;Cairns and Krzywoszynska, 2016;Wichelns, 2017;Newell et al., 2019;Opejin et al., 2020) with various definitions of the nexus, covering different sectors, stakeholders and spatio-temporal scales (Siddiqi and Anadon, 2011;Karlberg et al., 2015;Keskinen et al., 2015;King and Jaafar, 2015;Sušnik, 2018;Roggema and Yan, 2019;Wada et al., 2019;Bakhshianlamouki et al., 2020;Imasiku and Ntagwirumugara, 2020;Khan et al., 2020;Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021;Elagib et al., 2021;Lazaro et al., 2021;Wild et al., 2021). The resulting ambiguity of the definition and scope of the nexus has been identified as a key barrier to operationalizing nexus methods in practice (Endo et al., 2017;Weitz et al., 2017;Wichelns, 2017;Albrecht et al., 2018;Urbinatti et al., 2020a;Urbinatti et al., 2020a;Hogeboom et al., 2021). ...
Water, energy, and food are all essential components of human societies. Collectively, their respective resource systems are interconnected in what is called the “nexus”. There is growing consensus that a holistic understanding of the interdependencies and trade-offs between these sectors and other related systems is critical to solving many of the global challenges they present. While nexus research has grown exponentially since 2011, there is no unified, overarching approach, and the implementation of concepts remains hampered by the lack of clear case studies. Here, we present the results of a collaborative thought exercise involving 75 scientists and summarize them into 10 key recommendations covering: the most critical nexus issues of today, emerging themes, and where future efforts should be directed. We conclude that a nexus community of practice to promote open communication among researchers, to maintain and share standardized datasets, and to develop applied case studies will facilitate transparent comparisons of models and encourage the adoption of nexus approaches in practice.
... The number of studies on the nexus has grown exponentially since 2011 (Bazilian et al., 2011;Cairns and Krzywoszynska, 2016;Wichelns, 2017;Newell et al., 2019;Opejin et al., 2020) with various definitions of the nexus, covering different sectors, stakeholders and spatio-temporal scales (Siddiqi and Anadon, 2011;Karlberg et al., 2015;Keskinen et al., 2015;King and Jaafar, 2015;Sušnik, 2018;Roggema and Yan, 2019;Wada et al., 2019;Bakhshianlamouki et al., 2020;Imasiku and Ntagwirumugara, 2020;Khan et al., 2020;Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021;Elagib et al., 2021;Lazaro et al., 2021;Wild et al., 2021). The resulting ambiguity of the definition and scope of the nexus has been identified as a key barrier to operationalizing nexus methods in practice (Endo et al., 2017;Weitz et al., 2017;Wichelns, 2017;Albrecht et al., 2018;Urbinatti et al., 2020a;Urbinatti et al., 2020a;Hogeboom et al., 2021). ...
Water, energy, and food are all essential components of human societies. Collectively, their respective resource systems are interconnected in what is called the “nexus”. There is growing consensus that a holistic understanding of the interdependencies and trade-offs between these sectors and other related systems is critical to solving many of the global challenges they present. While nexus research has grown exponentially since 2011, there is no unified, overarching approach, and the implementation of concepts remains hampered by the lack of clear case studies. Here, we present the results of a collaborative thought exercise involving 75 scientists and summarize them into 10 key recommendations covering: the most critical nexus issues of today, emerging themes, and where future efforts should be directed. We conclude that a nexus community of practice to promote open communication among researchers, to maintain and share standardized datasets, and to develop applied case studies will facilitate transparent comparisons of models and encourage the adoption of nexus approaches in practice.
... "The nexus approach arises from an understanding that water, food and energy security are crucial to human well-being and that these three sectors are interconnected" (Benites- Lazaro et al., 2021, p. 128). This perspective is widely presented as an important key to integrated management of natural resources and environmental governance, and to improve environmental, climate, human and political security Hoff et al., 2019;Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021). ...
... The basic premise for nexus implementation and inclusion on scientific and political agenda is that water, energy, and food systems are connected and integrated components Araujo et al., 2019;Lebel et al., 2020;Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021;Pahl-Wostl et al., 2021). Therefore, this interconnection of distinct social, political, and governmental systems demands a combined methodological framework (Araujo et al., 2019). ...
... Studies on the nexus concern two dimensions: (i) interdisciplinarity, which addresses the trade-offs and synergies between water, energy and food systems and sectors, and the inherent complexity of these linkages Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021); and (ii) transdisciplinary, which focuses on cooperation between stakeholders to improve intersectoral governance Kurian, 2017; by "translating systems thinking into government policy-making processes and balancing different user goals and interests" (Endo et al., 2020, p. 46). The second dimension is especially relevant in this chapter. ...
... "The nexus approach arises from an understanding that water, food and energy security are crucial to human well-being and that these three sectors are interconnected" (Benites- Lazaro et al., 2021, p. 128). This perspective is widely presented as an important key to integrated management of natural resources and environmental governance, and to improve environmental, climate, human and political security Hoff et al., 2019;Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021). ...
... The basic premise for nexus implementation and inclusion on scientific and political agenda is that water, energy, and food systems are connected and integrated components Araujo et al., 2019;Lebel et al., 2020;Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021;Pahl-Wostl et al., 2021). Therefore, this interconnection of distinct social, political, and governmental systems demands a combined methodological framework (Araujo et al., 2019). ...
... Studies on the nexus concern two dimensions: (i) interdisciplinarity, which addresses the trade-offs and synergies between water, energy and food systems and sectors, and the inherent complexity of these linkages Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021); and (ii) transdisciplinary, which focuses on cooperation between stakeholders to improve intersectoral governance Kurian, 2017; by "translating systems thinking into government policy-making processes and balancing different user goals and interests" (Endo et al., 2020, p. 46). The second dimension is especially relevant in this chapter. ...
The Food-Water-Energy (FWE) nexus represents, above all, a perspective, a way of looking at the world, the problems, the solutions, providing a view of the three main resource systems of food, water and energy, not in isolation, but as a system, with many and diverse cross-links between the subsystems. So, analytically speaking, it is a unifying concept, an antidote to the relentless pressures towards reductionism. Human society and its interactions with the natural environment form a dynamic socio-ecological system of such impressive complexity that reductionist approaches seem inevitable to make research and management on the subject viable. This development is not just an illusion - this book already presents some real examples of inter and transdisciplinary approaches, with the FWE nexus as a shared lens to better observe where problems occur and where sustainable solutions can be found.
... "The nexus approach arises from an understanding that water, food and energy security are crucial to human well-being and that these three sectors are interconnected" (Benites- Lazaro et al., 2021, p. 128). This perspective is widely presented as an important key to integrated management of natural resources and environmental governance, and to improve environmental, climate, human and political security Hoff et al., 2019;Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021). ...
... The basic premise for nexus implementation and inclusion on scientific and political agenda is that water, energy, and food systems are connected and integrated components Araujo et al., 2019;Lebel et al., 2020;Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021;Pahl-Wostl et al., 2021). Therefore, this interconnection of distinct social, political, and governmental systems demands a combined methodological framework (Araujo et al., 2019). ...
... Studies on the nexus concern two dimensions: (i) interdisciplinarity, which addresses the trade-offs and synergies between water, energy and food systems and sectors, and the inherent complexity of these linkages Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021); and (ii) transdisciplinary, which focuses on cooperation between stakeholders to improve intersectoral governance Kurian, 2017; by "translating systems thinking into government policy-making processes and balancing different user goals and interests" (Endo et al., 2020, p. 46). The second dimension is especially relevant in this chapter. ...
Understanding and managing the complex interaction between water, energy and food is considered to be one of the major challenges of the 21st century. As global projections indicate that the demand for these resources will increase significantly in the next decades under the pressure of population growth, urbanization, economic development, climate change, diversifying diets and lifestyles, cultural changes and technological transformation, developing sustainable solutions that guarantee resource security became paramount (Hoff, 2011).
In this book, we aim to gather academic researchers that bring empirical and theoretical elements to critically reflect on how the concept of the nexus is being incorporated into research in Brazil, and whether and how the nexus is making any contribution to enhance knowledge in different scientific fields. Their contributions also shed light on what are the main societal problems in the Brazilian context that the nexus is helping to better understand and find possible sustainable solutions.
... "The nexus approach arises from an understanding that water, food and energy security are crucial to human well-being and that these three sectors are interconnected" (Benites- Lazaro et al., 2021, p. 128). This perspective is widely presented as an important key to integrated management of natural resources and environmental governance, and to improve environmental, climate, human and political security Hoff et al., 2019;Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021). ...
... The basic premise for nexus implementation and inclusion on scientific and political agenda is that water, energy, and food systems are connected and integrated components Araujo et al., 2019;Lebel et al., 2020;Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021;Pahl-Wostl et al., 2021). Therefore, this interconnection of distinct social, political, and governmental systems demands a combined methodological framework (Araujo et al., 2019). ...
... Studies on the nexus concern two dimensions: (i) interdisciplinarity, which addresses the trade-offs and synergies between water, energy and food systems and sectors, and the inherent complexity of these linkages Benites-Lazaro et al., 2021); and (ii) transdisciplinary, which focuses on cooperation between stakeholders to improve intersectoral governance Kurian, 2017; by "translating systems thinking into government policy-making processes and balancing different user goals and interests" (Endo et al., 2020, p. 46). The second dimension is especially relevant in this chapter. ...
Food, water, and energy (FWE) are interacting systems, crucial to not only human survival but also for the socio-economic development, particularly in urban areas, which import most of the natural resources to carry out their daily activities. Inadequate management of FWE systems that are affected by policy choices may lead to negative trade-offs. In this chapter, we evaluate the results of the research project IFWEN - “Understanding Innovative Initiatives for Governing Food, Water and Energy Nexus in Cities" (a global research project financed by FAPESP with support of the Belmont Forum and JPI Urban Europe). We focus on initiatives in Brazil and present in more details the case of urban agriculture in Florianópolis. We start with an analysis of the interactions between Green and Blue Infrastructure (GBI) and FWE systems and how the international literature has studied the benefits of GBI provided to the urban FWEN. Then, we examine the innovations in GBI in international literature focusing on Brazil, and present the case of Florianópolis, where Urban Agriculture (UA) was integrated into a city-wide system of composting organic waste. Finally, we conclude with reflections on how these initiatives have affected the FWEN and environmental policies in the city.
This study explores how the concept and research on the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus has evolved over time. The research uncovers the key terms underpinning the phenomenon, maps the interlinkages between WEF nexus topics, and provides an overview of the evolution of the concept of WEF nexus. We analyzed published academic literature from the Scopus database and performed both qualitative and quantitative analyses using Natural Language Processing method. The findings suggest that the nexus approach is increasingly evolving into an integrative concept, and has been incorporating new topics over time, resulting in different methods for WEF nexus research, with a focus on interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral analyses. Through the five periods outlined, we have identified the nexus approach debate focused on the following predominant topics: i) Trend 1 (2012–2016) debates on WEF nexus for water management and natural resource security, ii) Trend 2 (2017–2018) linkages between the nexus, the sustainable development goals and green economy, iii) Trend 3 (2019) WEF nexus governance and policy integration, iv) Trend 4 (2020) application of the nexus concept on different scales, including regions, countries, watersheds, urban areas as well as other components coupled to the WEF nexus, and, v) Trend 5 (2021) climate change and urban nexus challenges.
