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Socioeconomic disparities have been rising on both sides of the Atlantic for the last forty years. This study illuminates the relationship among economic inequality, other contextual and institutional factors, and socioeconomic intraurban segregation in Eastern Europe. We draw our empirical evidence from the capital cities of so-called fast-track r...
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... divided the economi- cally active population into three general socioeco- nomic classes (HSG, MSG, and LSG), we merge different threshold combinations to capture the SES of the neighborhoods. Consequently, we distinguish seven types of socioeconomic intermixing (Table 1): high SES neighborhoods, middle to high SES neigh- borhoods, mixed neighborhoods, middle SES neigh- borhoods, low to middle SES neighborhoods, low SES neighborhoods, and polarized neighborhoods (PNs). 6 The typology is then illustrated in choropleth maps to reveal the local geography of socioeconomic intermix- ing in the five cities in a manner that is reminiscent of the color progression used in Booth's (1888) classic work. ...
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... Ovaj pristup se, tako, suprotstavlja tezi polarizacije koja pretpostavlja da se socioekonomska polarizacija izazvana globalizacijom nužno ogleda u povećanoj rezidencijalnoj segregaciji (Sassen, 1991). Budući da grupe višeg i nižeg statusa imaju tendenciju da budu izraženije segregirane u poređenju sa grupama srednjeg statusa (Duncan & Duncan, 1955;Marcińczak et al., 2015;Morgan, 1980), teza sugeriše da će rast društvene polarizacije rezultirati višim nivoom segregacije (Mollenkopf & Castells, 1992;Sassen, 1991). ...
... Tradicionalno se meri indikatorima poput vrste zanimanja, stepena obrazovanja i visine prihoda (Hällsten & Thaning, 2022). Svaka od ovih mera predstavlja specifičnu dimenziju socioekonomskog statusa, a kombinacija više pokazatelja često se koristi u istraživanjima, budući da nijedan pojedinačni indikator ne može u potpunosti odraziti složenost ovog fenomena (Marcińczak et al., 2015;Tammaru, Musterd, et al., 2016). Prihodi se obično koriste kao pokazatelj ekonomskog kapitala, dok obrazovanje i zanimanje odražavaju kulturni i socijalni kapital (Boterman et al., 2021). ...
... godine (Jedinstvene standardne klasifikacije zanimanja -JSKZ) i 2011. godine (Međunarodne standardne klasifikacije zanimanja -MSKZ) nisu u potpunosti uporedive (više u: Radivojević, 2006), koristili smo grupe iz JSKZ koje najpribližnije određuju viši i niži socioekonomski sloj stanovništva definisan prema novoj MSKZ klasifikaciji (Marcińczak et al., 2015). Za viši socioekonomski sloj za 1991. ...
U istraživanjima koja se bave pitanjima urbanog razvoja postoji snažna veza između socioekonomskog statusa i uslova stanovanja. Stambeni fond Beograda je heterogen i sadrži, osim novijih građevina, zgrade iz perioda od pre Drugog svetskog rata, naselja iz socijalističkog doba i neformalne građevine na periferiji. Postsocijalistički period karakteriše prelazak na tržišne mehanizme, povećanje udela privatnog vlasništva nad stambenim prostorom, a intenzivna stanogradnja, kao i demografski pritisci, značajno su oblikovali stambeni fond i rezidencijalnu segregaciju u Beogradu. Analiza podataka o obrazovanju i zanimanju stanovnika na nivou statističkih krugova iz prve dve decenije ovog perioda otkriva da socioekonomski status ima tendenciju opadanja od centra grada ka periferiji. Fundamentalne promene u stambenom sektoru, koje su nastupile u decenijama nakon kraha socijalizma, nisu dovele do drastičnog povećanja nivoa rezidencijalne segregacije, iako je evidentiran stabilan trend njegovog rasta.
... The economic and social processes affecting urban transformation in all post-socialist cities include political change, transition to capitalism, gentrification, urban sprawl, Hungary experienced a more 'benign' form of state socialism than some countries in the Eastern Bloc (Bockman 2011) and the return to 'capitalism' was therefore swiffer (Marcińczak et al. 2015). Nevertheless, Budapest, like many post-socialist cities, is now suffering from issues that are also common to many Western European cities, such as gentrification, inflation, a housing crisis and overtourism, all of which impact on the local resident quality of life. ...
It has been suggested that smart living is the most important domain of a smart city and many studies propose that it is synonymous with resident quality of life. The main aims of this research were to understand better residents’ perceptions of quality of life issues and priorities in smart cities. The study (re)defines smart living using domains and indicators that were carefully selected from a systematic literature review, close analysis of previous studies and their methodologies, and a pilot test of a questionnaire in Budapest, Hungary. The research is considered timely because of Budapest’s relatively low performance in quality of life rankings in Europe and the lack of data on the needs of citizens. The main domains of smart living and their relevant indicators include housing, health, safety, education, environment, social cohesion, leisure, culture and tourism. Overall, the research aims to assist urban researchers and city agencies in the development of indicators of smart living when measuring resident quality of life. The results could be applicable to other post-socialist cities which have followed similar trajectories to Budapest, but the results are useful for almost any city that hopes to enhance quality of life by prioritising smart living.
... Economic factors wield significant influence over spatial planning processes, evident in post-socialist urban development frameworks across Serbia (Vasilevska et al., 2014), Romania (Suditu, 2012;Ungureanu and Șoimoșan, 2023), and Hungary (Kovács and Hegedus, 2014;Marcińczak et al., 2015). The speculative nature of real estate economies, facilitated by obtaining building permits based on LZPs, prioritizes individual profit maximization over spatial pluralism. ...
Processes of urban development progressing across Europe, with built-up areas expanding at a faster rate than the population, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe region. The importance of ensuring a high quality of urban life and effective environmental planning is widely acknowledged for the sustainable development of functional urban areas. While the literature extensively covers the implementation stage of monofunctional development in Polish suburban zones, the origins of spatial homogeneity in planning have received limited attention in research. This paper aims to assess local zoning plans and examine the diversity of urban planning in the subregion of Wroclaw, Poland. Employing exploratory experts interviews and landscape metrics such as Patch Richness Density and Simpson Diversity Index, along with spatial statistics as the Hot Spot tool and Cluster and Outlier analysis, the findings reveal that monofunctional residential development in Polish functional urban areas may result from a complex interplay of various economic, institutional, educational, professional responsibility, and political, social, as well as historical factors on the urban planning stage. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the extent and spatial distribution of planning diversity, opening paths for further discussions on the professional requirements of urban planners.
... Contemporary mainstream research on social segregation in European cities is inspired mainly by global city thesis, a relation to a welfare state and contextual approaches and has a macro level perspective, using quantitative, index-based analysis (Maloutas, Fujita 2012, Marcińczak et al. 2015, Tammaru et al. 2016, Musterd et al. 2017. In Warsaw context, recent research on segregation is analysed on a macro level scale with analysis of particular social groups distribution across districts or statistical units between last censuses (Smętkowski 2009, Marcińczak et al. 2011, Górczyńska 2014, Grzegorczyk, Jaczewska 2018, Grzegorczyk, Jaczewska 2019. ...
The aim of the article is to define the concept of mobility segregation during lifetime and to distinguish mobility segregation scope among two Warsaw (Poland) inhabitants characterised by lower social profile, who lived in homogeneous social environment. Mobility has become a new dimension of social inequality that should be taken into account in research on social segregation in increasingly polarised cities. It can be studied by qualitative methods that can contribute to quantitative-dominant research on segregation. In this paper, mobility segregation aspects are analysed through biographic interviews, using reconstructive-interpretative approach. It gives a novel method to study segregation during lifetime in a holistic approach and to give evidence of experienced segregation of individual inhabitants. The study revealed that mobility segregation may change throughout the lifetime. There were indicated “windows of change” when forms and ranges of mobility change resulting in the change of places regularly visited and social profile of people met there. However these relations are complex.
... As the former was obtained at a highly discounted price while dwellings bought at market value required a major input of households' own capital, the relative potential for a subsequent increase in equity is strongly differentiated. Such variations among homeownership tenures are therefore a key source of uneven housing wealth accumulation yet often remain overlooked (Marcińczak et al., 2015). ...
Housing system transitions often involve successive but overlapping periods of reform with crucial implications for housing inequality dynamics. Building on welfare regime and market transition discussions , this paper considers how the shifting roles of the state, market , and family in housing provision in China have led to changing housing tenures and differentiated access to them between populations with varying socioeconomic resources. Drawing on two national datasets, our analyses reveal that the four decades of reforms dramatically upended urban China's tenure structure with market homeownership becoming the dominant tenure. Nevertheless, we find a substantial and increasing role of the family in housing provision, especially for people with fewer socioeconomic resources. The advantages associated with better institutional resources under the previous socialist housing system not only persist in accessing state-provided tenures but have also extended their influence into market housing. Meanwhile, homeownership outcomes have become increasingly polarized among groups with different income and education levels. Our findings expose the reproduction and apparent amplification of tenure-related housing inequalities over the period of housing regime transformation.
... Budapest is one of the most economically thriving cities of postsocialist CEE and has undergone profound socioeconomic and spatial transformations since the collapse of state-socialism in 1989/90 (Egedy et al., 2017). As an outcome of the country's transition from a centrally planned to a market economy (and similar to other countries in the region), income inequalities started to increase (Marcińczak et al., 2012(Marcińczak et al., , 2015Rose & Viju, 2014), and the gap between rich and poor within society has widened (Kovács, 2012). While in the socialist era, the state made great efforts to reduce the level of segregation through homogenization and egalitarianism in the housing and labor market, the neoliberal regime and its urban planning system have intensified spatial inequalities since the early 1990s (Kovács, 2020;Sager, 2011). ...
A growing body of literature demonstrates that the accessibility of urban green spaces may differ across ethnic, minority, racial, and socioeconomic groups. In post-socialist Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, income has become the most critical factor influencing where people may reside in a city, as well as to the extent to which they can access city services. This paper investigates socioeconomic disparities in access to green areas in Budapest, Hungary, taking multiple types of green areas into account, such as urban green spaces (e.g., urban parks and gardens), urban forests, and residential greenery (e.g., private gardens and street trees). People's incomes were considered a proxy measure for socioeconomic status, and the spatial distribution of green areas were analyzed with geographic information system (GIS) tools. The results show that the advantage of wealthier people in terms of urban green space provision is not so pronounced, which is the outcome of a multi-layered historical urban development. However, considering the accessibility of urban forests and residential greenery, high-income people are in a more favorable position than those from other socioeconomic groups. In addition, geography seems to be a crucial constraint for high- and upper-middle income inner-city residents to access urban forests and residential greenery, indicating that factors outside of socioeconomic status influence access to green areas. Future planning policies should attempt to alleviate inequalities in green area provision; however, some inherited and recent issues may jeopardize municipalities' ability to achieve this goal.
... This brings up the question of the validity of the polarization thesis (Sassen 1991), which states that globalization leads to social polarization, which in turn is inevitably mirrored in spatial polarization, i.e. in increased residential segregation. Since the higher-status and the lower-status strata tend to be more distinctly segregated in comparison to the middle-status groups (Duncan and Duncan 1955;Marcińczak et al. 2015;Morgan 1980), it presumes that greater urban social polarization will result in a higher level of segregation (Mollenkopf and Castells 1992;Sassen 1991). ...
This article examines the historical perspective of residential segregation in Belgrade and addresses the contextual factors responsible for the dynamics of this segregation. The article considers the decline in social status from the centre to the periphery as the main feature of citywide segregation in Belgrade, along with perpetuated peripheral informality. It also examines the impact of large-scale socialist estates, which were intended to contribute to an egalitarian society and counteract residential segregation. To examine the long-term patterns of residential segregation in Belgrade, we use a combination of sources and research approaches, due to the incomparability and lack of statistical data. Recent changes in segregation patterns during the first two decades of the post-socialist period were additionally analysed at the census-unit level, using data on the education of the population as a proxy for their social status.
... W późniejszych okresach powstały jeszcze trzy kolejne podejścia (Grzegorczyk i in ., 2019): oparte na tezie o mieście globalnym Sassen (2011), podkreślające rolę państwa opiekuńczego (np . Marcińczak, 2015) oraz podejście kontekstowe (Maloutas, 2012) . Następnie badania dotyczyły segregacji społecznej w ujęciu dynamicznym . ...
The aim of the article is to present mobility segregation and its scope in the life of a female resident of Warsaw with a low social profile who lives among people of different social status, and to answer the question: does the level of mobility segregation change over the course of her life. Based on traditional narrative-biographical interviews, the mobility biography method was used to collect biographical material, and then to identify everyday mobility practices and the level of mobility segregation. Moreover, it was employed to develop a biographical axis of mobility segregation. This article presents the case of one narrator, on the basis of which it was demonstrated that mobility segregation changes over the life course, and when experienced in everyday life, it is a more significant social problem than social segregation, measured by quantitative research at a given moment in life.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie segregacji mobilności i jej zasięgu w ciągu życia
mieszkanki Warszawy o niskim profilu społecznym, która żyje wśród osób o zróżnicowanym statusie społecznym, a także odpowiedź na pytanie, czy w ciągu jej życia nastąpiła zmiana poziomu segregacji mobilności. Metoda biografii mobilności, oparta na tradycyjnych wywiadach narracyjno-biograficznych, posłużyła zebraniu materiału biograficznego, a następnie zidentyfikowaniu praktyk codziennej mobilności i poziomu jej segregacji oraz opracowaniu osi biograficznej segregacji mobilności. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono przypadek jednej narratorki, na podstawie którego wykazano, że segregacja mobilności zmienia się w ciągu życia, a doświadczana w życiu codziennym jest istotniejszym problemem społecznym niż segregacja społeczna; mierzona jest za pomocą badań ilościowych, w danym momencie życia.
... u.a. Dangschat 2002;Dangschat & Hamedinger 2007a, b;Fassmann & Hatz 2004;Marcińczak et al. 2015;Van Kempen & Murie 2009;Musterd & van Kempen 2000;Musterd et al. 2003Musterd et al. , 2017Tammaru et al. 2015). ...
... Seither ist eine unüberschaubare Zahl an Publikationen zur Segregation in europäischen Metropolen erschienen (z.B. Burgers & Musterd 2002;Fassmann & Hatz 2004;Friedrichs & Triemer 2008;Hatz et al. 2015;Kohlbacher & Reeger 2007;Marcińczak et al. 2015;Van Kempen & Murie 2009;Musterd & van Kempen 2000;Musterd et al. 2003Musterd et al. , 2017Musterd & Ostendorf 1998;Tammaru et al. 2015;Van Kempen & Murie 2009). Ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz legt nahe, dass Wohnviertel am besten die gesamte Vielfalt und Mischung der weiteren physischen und sozialen Welt widerspiegeln und den Kontakt zwischen unterschiedlichsten Menschen ermöglichen sollten. ...
... Aussagen dazu sind stark gefärbt durch ideologische Positionierungen, wobei die Argumente für und wider sehr selektiv gehandhabt werden und die empirischen Befunde widersprüchlich sind. Ein wesentliches Merkmal der Bewertung von Segregation liegt darin, dass diese vor allem auf ihre Konsequenzen für die Integration von Immigrant/inn/en hin betrachtet wird (Burgers & Musterd 2002;Burgers et al. 2003;Fassmann & Hatz 2004;Hatz et al. 2015;Kohlbacher & Reeger 2007;Marcińczak et al. 2015;Van Kempen & Murie 2009;Musterd et al. 2003Musterd et al. , 2017Tammaru et al. 2015). ...
Der Forschungsbericht widmet sich einer Herkunftsgruppe, die oft pauschal als „Problemgruppe“ stigmatisiert wird. Der Fokus liegt auf der sozialen Integration der afghanischen Communities in Wien sowie der Nutzung (halb)öffentlicher Räume. Interaktionen in öffentlichen Räumen machen die Afghan:innen im Stadtraum sichtbar und können zu einem positiven sozialen Austausch beitragen, führen aber auch zu Konflikten. Neben der Nutzung urbaner Erholungsräume wurden daher medial präsente „Hotspots“ wie der Westbahnhof nicht ausgespart. Ein Kapitel widmet sich den vielfältigen Sozialkontakten afghanischer Frauen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Tradition und Integration in die Aufnahmegesellschaft. Da die Erhebungsphase des Projekts noch in die Zeit der COVID-19-Pandemie fiel, wurden deren Auswirkungen ebenfalls berücksichtigt. Den Autor:innen war es ein Anliegen, die sozioökonomische, bildungs- und wertebezogene Diversität der Afghan:innen und deren Konsequenzen zu analysieren und von einseitigen medialen Darstellungen abzurücken.
... We categorized the occupation of participants using the nine categories defined by the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). Following the classification used by Marcińczak et al. (2015), we grouped these categories into three main social classes: top, middle, and bottom. Managers (1) and professionals (2) represent the top socio-economic class; associate professionals (3), clerks (4), and service and sales workers (5) comprise the middle socio-economic class; other occupations, including skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers (6), craft and related trades workers (7), plant and machine operators and assemblers (8), and those in elementary occupations (9), form the bottom socio-economic group (Mohamed & Stanek, 2021). ...
Exposing children to green environments has multiple benefits. However, safety concerns may discourage parents from allowing their children to participate in physical leisure activities. This study employed a public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) questionnaire to explore whether and how park characteristics influence safety perceptions of 241 parents regarding their chil-dren's active, unstructured play and independent mobility. The survey was distributed to parents who were accompanying their children in Cairo's Al-Azhar and Al-Dawliya parks. Respondents identified places they considered safe and unsafe and reported their overall perceived level of safety based on photographs taken in the two parks. The results showed that parents were more afraid of the threat of crime compared to other potential risks. Moreover, secluded and densely vegetated places with inadequate lighting were perceived as unsafe. The study contributes to the ongoing discussion on creating safe environments for children and proposes ways to reduce parents' safety concerns.
