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An overview of the "COINr" R package, which is for building and analysing composite indicators.
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... of these functions allow any other function to be passed to them, allowing more complex types of normalisation and aggregation. Here, the code simply uses the "min-max" normalisation method (scaling indicators onto the [0,100] interval), and aggregates using the weighted arithmetic mean, following the hierarchical structure and weights specified in the iMeta argument of new_coin( We may also visualise the same results using a bar chart -here we see how countries rank on the "connectivity" sub-index (see Figure 1). ...
Citations
... However, the index framework can be misleading in the absence of transparent indicator development methods (Acosta et al., 2021). Thus, best practices for developing composite indicators from OECD and JRC (2008), Acosta et al. (2019); , and Becker et al. (2017Becker et al. ( , 2022 were used and adapted to normalize and aggregate relevant but diverse and complex indicators into a common unit for measurement and assessment. ...
... While green growth is gaining ground, theoretically and practically, as vital pathways toward sustainable development, its measurement also makes headway. In the last decade, green growth indices, which use composite indices to assess, rank, and compare complex multidimensional concepts that are not immediately measurable, have gained popularity (OECD & JRC, 2008;Becker et al., 2017Becker et al., , 2022. Prominent international organizations developed a plethora of green growth index as sustainable development indicators (Acosta et al., 2019;AfDB, 2014;GGKP, 2013;Jha et al., 2018;OECD, 2017aOECD, , 2023PAGE, 2017;Tamanini & Valenciano, 2016;UNESCAP, 2013;World Bank, 2012). ...
Green growth gained traction as a global climate change strategy and pathway toward sustainable development. China's green growth has been on the rise since the turn of the century, yet it is little understood in the context of its provinces. Previous studies focus on ranking green growth across countries and regions, not on assessing individual provinces over time. This study employs systems thinking and constructs an index framework to assess the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of green growth as a pathway toward sustainable development in Qing-hai on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study finds that green growth has steadily increased between 2000 and 2021 despite a volatile growth rate. The 10th-13th Five-Year Plans showed similar trends. Short-term green growth performance fluctuated in its dimensions and pillars, while long-term performance increased steadily. Qinghai is well-positioned to achieve sustainable development and build a circular economy. The study further discusses sustainable policy implications.
... In what follows, we report the correlations between indicators in the same subindex, between indicators and their relative aggregates, and finally between dimensions, subindices and the C3 Index. The analysis results and figures presented in this section (Section 3.2) were derived from the COINr package developed by JRC-COIN (Becker et al., 2022). ...
The Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor (hereafter ‘Monitor’) is a monitoring and benchmarking tool first developed in 2017 to allow European cities to compare and contrast their areas of excellence and improvement in terms of culture and creativity. Since its first launch, the Monitor has served as a guidance tool for policy makers at local, national and European level.
The 2023 update of the Monitor provides a methodological improvement and a revision of the selected indicators, so to ensure the tool remains reliable and coherent, thus enabling meaningful comparisons of cities’ performance over time. The new results are available for three different reference years, with a focus on the most recent, 2019. These latest results provide a snapshot of the situation just before the COVID-19 pandemic.
An updated statistical assessment of the Monitor provided in this report allows the user to use the Monitor consciously, encouraging an informed use of the data and monitoring tools provided.
The update has also been applied to the online platform which, on top of the pre-existing tools, also allows users to compare and contrast the performance of 196 European cities at three different points in time.
... The senior liveability index provides a summary assessment of European cities as far as their liveability, and informs broad strategic decisions for the city policy makers. In this paper, we set up our indicator using R 4.2.0 (R Core Team, 2022), and the recently developed COINr package (Becker et al., 2022) for construction and analysis of composite indicators. The latter includes commands for a step-by-step construction of a composite indicator, allowing also for normalisation, weighting, aggregation and the consequent analysis and comparison among multiple configurations. ...
The demographic challenge of the ageing population in European countries needs to be assessed in terms of sustainability and effectiveness of public policies improving the quality of life of the elderly. The European Commission has monitored the quality of life in European cities since 2004, through a survey on citizens’ perception of their liveability. Given that the assessment of life quality embeds a multitude of positive and negative aspects, we develop a composite indicator that we call Senior Liveability Index (SLI) to rank the performance of cities, to monitor the rank changes over time and to explore possible reasons.
Smart mobility systems offers solutions for traffic congestion, transport management, emergency, and road safety. However, the success of smart mobility lies in the availability of intelligent transportation infrastructure. This paper studied smart mobility systems in three Asia-Pacific countries (South Korea, Singapore, and Japan) to highlight the major strategies leading their successful journey to become smart cities for aspiring countries, such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), to emulate. A robust framework for evaluating smart mobility systems in the three countries and Saudi Arabia was developed based on the indicators derived from the smart mobility ecosystem and three major types of transport services (private, public, and emergency). Sixty indicators of smart mobility systems were identified through a rigorous search of the literature and other secondary sources. Robots, drones, IoT, 5G, hyperloop tunnels, and self-driving technologies formed part of the indicators in those countries. The study reveals that the three Asia-Pacific countries are moving head-to-head in terms of smart mobility development. Saudi Arabia can join these smarter countries through inclusive development, standardization, and policy-driven strategies with clear commitments to public, private, and research collaborations in the development of its smart mobility ecosystem. Moreover, cybersecurity must be taken seriously because most of the smart mobility systems use wireless and IoT technologies, which may be vulnerable to hacking, and thus impact system safety. In addition, the smart mobility system should include data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in developing and monitoring the evaluation in terms of user experience and future adaptability.
