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![1 Nanotechnology in aerospace [5].](profile/Dhinakaran-Veeman/publication/349441468/figure/fig1/AS:1012692584263680@1618456135746/Nanotechnology-in-aerospace-5.png)
![FIGURE 2.1 Nanotechnology in aerospace [5].](profile/Dhinakaran-Veeman/publication/349441468/figure/fig1/AS:1012692584263680@1618456135746/Nanotechnology-in-aerospace-5_Q320.jpg)
![FIGURE 2.2 Arrangement of nanomaterials based on number of dimensions [15].](profile/Dhinakaran-Veeman/publication/349441468/figure/fig2/AS:1012692584259585@1618456135806/Arrangement-of-nanomaterials-based-on-number-of-dimensions-15_Q320.jpg)
![FIGURE 2.3 Properties of nanomaterials [22].](profile/Dhinakaran-Veeman/publication/349441468/figure/fig3/AS:1012692588453888@1618456136143/Properties-of-nanomaterials-22_Q320.jpg)
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A report of my semester project for the course "Aero-Vehicle Performance" during BS Aerospace Engineering.
Citations
... In the new global economy, nanotechnology has received tremendous attention in various fields such as electronic [1][2][3], textiles [4][5][6], aerospace [7][8], biotechnology [9][10][11][12][13], and medical [14][15][16]. There is a growing body literature that emphasizes the importance of nanotechnology in Implants are medical devices that are placed in the body to restore, enrich, and maintain damaged biological structure [31][32]. ...
Clay based Forsterite (Mg2SiO4-clay based) was synthesized using Halloysite nanotube clay via sol-gel method. The resultant materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analysis (PSA), and hardness analysis. The formation of Mg2SiO4-clay based nanoparticles was confirmed using X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared analysis. Mg2SiO4-clay based nanoparticles were treated at different high temperatures which are from 850 °C to 1050 °C. It was revealed that crystalline Mg2SiO4-clay based was formed at the lowest temperature (850 °C) and the different temperatures do not significantly affect the FTIR peaks. Moreover, the hardness and fracture toughness of Mg2SiO4-clay based was found to be higher than synth-Mg2SiO4, which are 1.03 ± 0.07 GPa and 5.7 ± 0.21 MPa m1/2, respectively. It was also found that the fracture toughness of Mg2SiO4-clay based was higher than a few types of cortical bones and synthetic Hydroxyapatite. Other than that, Mg2SiO4-clay based displayed remarkable antibacterial properties which is critical criteria for implant materials. These findings suggest that the Mg2SiO4-clay based possesses good structural, mechanical, and antibacterial properties and might be suitable for potential bioimplant materials.
... These nanomaterials (NMs) are of great interest because of their unique optical, magnetic, electrical, and other characteristics at such a small scale (Saleh, 2020a;Sudha et al., 2018;Madkour and Madkour, 2019). In modern worlds, NMs are used in almost every aspect of life such as electronics (De et al., 2020;Jariwala et al., 2013;Dresselhaus et al., 2004), automotive engineering (Virmani et al., 2021;Manu and Gupta, 2020), power generation (Kalyanasundaram and Grätzel, 2012;Xu et al., 2018;Valipour et al., 2016), batteries (Chen and David Lou, 2013;Long et al., 2021), sensors (Liyanage et al., 2021;Yin and Qin, 2013;ul Gani Mir et al., 2022), aviation and space (Abbasi et al., 2020;Bhat et al., 2021a;Dhinakaran et al., 2021), chemical industry (Generalov, 2007), thermoelectric devices (Gan, 2018;Uddin et al., 2016;Sharma and Hussain, 2020), and cosmetic industry (Fytianos et al., 2020;Mu and Sprando, 2010). One of the most essential applications of NMs is their potential use in environmental remediation (Tratnyek and Johnson, 2006). ...
The use of NPs is expanding across a wide range of industries.
Human exposure to NPs, intentionally or accidently, is unavoidable due to their extensive use in several fields. NPs are
constantly exposed to people, and it is crucial to understand
the possible acute and long-term detrimental impacts they may
have. NMs can pass biological barriers and reach cells, tissues,
and organs. Inhalation or ingestion of NMs may allow them to
enter the bloodstream. The nanomaterials may then be carried throughout the body and make their way into the organs and tissues, such as the heart, kidney, liver, spleen, nervous system, and
bone marrow and induce toxicological effects. Therefore, all NMs
must undergo toxicological screening before being used practically. To safeguard both humans and the environment, toxicological studies of NMs are essential. To fill up the knowledge gap and
take advantage of the various possible uses for NPs, the relevant
harmful effects of NPs must be evaluated using globally approved
bias-free in vivo toxicological models.
The materials used for pollution remediation must not
become another pollutant themselves once utilized. For this
reason, using biodegradable materials is a particularly intriguing
avenue of research and development. Using biodegradable materials would not only increase consumer confidence and acceptance of a particular technology but could also provide an
environmentally friendly and safer alternative for the remediation of pollutants. Also, new technologies that can use targetspecific capture of contaminants are very appealing for safe
and effective environmental nanoremediation. There is a need
for nanotechnological studies combined with the chemical and
physical surface modifications of NMs to create tailored materials
that can overcome many of the problems of contamination
cleanup. Target-specific capture, toxicity, recyclability, easy synthesis, noncost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and the possibility
of recovery after use (regeneration) are some of the most important things to consider while synthesizing new nanomaterials for
environmental remediation. Methods should be developed in the
future to avoid agglomeration, improve monodispersity, and
boost stability. While beyond this, there needs to be a heightened
awareness regarding the risks and repercussions of environmental NMs. In addition, efforts must be made to produce new
materials using methodologies that are less detrimental to the
environment that has somewhat of an influence on the natural
world. Furthermore, certain rules and standards need to be
developed to regulate the use of NMs and minimize the negative
effects that they have on public health as well as the aquatic
environment.
The carbon nanostructures, which exhibited great potential for various applications, have attracted tremendous attention from scientific and technological fields for more than two decades. It is anticipated that the potential applications of these advanced materials, thanks to the desired motivation received from innovation and sustainability, especially in automotive and aerospace applications, will have a major impact on future vehicles. Besides, functional carbon-based nanostructures have been widely exploited as filler materials over the past few years to enhance the efficiency of structural and nonstructural composites, which are utilized in the manufacture of automobiles and aircraft. In this chapter, exhaustive information about the recent applications of carbon nanostructures is presented under such titles covering the body, components, crucial systems, etc., in the automotive and aerospace industry by considering their potential future applications as well. Research trends and innovations in carbon-based nanomaterials utilized in the aforementioned fields with functionalities such as sensing, energy storage, protective coatings, and shielding are examined in terms of their present and future states.
A novel, simplistic approach for the synthesis of bio-mediated magnetite nanoparticles has been reported by employing an aqueous leaf extract of Elaeocarpus Sylvestris plant as a green source. The synthesized Elaeocarpus Sylvestris capped MNPs (ESMNPs) were investigated by different spectroscopic, electronic microscopic and thermal analysis techniques. The ESMNPs exhibited a strong absorption peak at 352 nm, FTIR studies confirmed the Fe–O bond, XRD patterns ascertained the crystalline nature & average crystallite size of 8.3 nm, EDAX studies evaluated 69.52% of iron and 30.48% of oxygen. ESMNPs were spherical in morphology, polydisperse in nature, with a size range of 6–80 nm and agglomeration of some particles, as determined by SEM and TEM techniques. The superparamagnetic nature was proved by the VSM technique, and it was brought to good attention in the isolation of ESMNPs. The thermal stability was revealed by TGA analysis. The results of all characterizations agreed that the synthesised particles were ESMNPs. The ESMNPs were tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. It is proved that ESMNPs showed antibacterial activity against gram-negative E. coli & gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. Further, antioxidant efficiency with ascorbic acid against the DPPH assay method was performed. The current study shows a path for a futuristic wave for synthesizing MNPs with a wide range of applications.Graphical abstract
Dyes are emerging as harmful pollutants, which is one of major issues for the environmentalists and there is a urgent need for the removal of dyes from the effluents. In this context, the adsorption technology has been extensively used as an effective tool for the removal of dyes from the aqueous phase. This technique uses low-cost adsorbents and the cellulosic material is a biodegradable, cost-effective and renewable polymer, which is not soluble in the majority of solvents because of its crystalline nature and hydrogen bonding. Currently, the modified cellulosic materials for the removal of dyes from wastewater gained much attention. Moreover, the application of cellulose for water treatment can be utilized for controlling pollution and have high economic viability and availability. This review signifies the use of cellulose-based adsorbent for dyes adsorption from wastewater. The key advancement in the preparation and modification of cellulose-based adsorbents is discussed and their adsorption efficiencies are compared with other adsorbents for removal of dyes and adsorption conditions are also considered for the same. The studies reporting cellulose-based adsorption from 2003 to 2022 are included and their various properties are compared for the efficient removal of dyes. The modified cellulosic materials cellulose is a highly effective adsorbent for the remediation of effluents.
Environmental concerns regarding the use of potentially harmful chemicals and fossil fuels stimulate research efforts on the multifunctional hybrid nanocomposites produced from biowastes via simple environmentally friendly processes. Such nanomaterials could help to combat the escalating environmental issues related to environmental remediation and energy storage, as a step to the renewable energy technology of the future. This work discusses the synthesis of novel nickel-based reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanostructured composites with superior energy storage and photocatalytic properties. Using a facile hydrothermal method, rGO nanoflakes were synthesized from the negative value coconut coir biowaste and then decorated with functional NiO and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles to produce hierarchical functional nanocomposites. Benefiting from the synergies arising from the concomitant use of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles and rGO nanoflakes, the resultant nanocomposites yielded excellent specific capacitance of 599.9 F/g at current density of 1 Ag⁻¹ and retention rate of 86.5% even after 2000 cycles. Moreover, the composite exhibited excellent efficiency of visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of 96.5%. Thus, our material is essentially multifunctional and importantly, it demonstrates quite pronounced electrochemical and photocatalytic activities when produced in a simple, single technological route. These findings confirm that the developed multifunctional nanostructured composite is a strong candidate material for energy and environmental remediation applications.
