NOS1 expression in the GnRH neuronal system in humans (a) 9-week old human fetus immunolabeling showing migrating GnRH neurons (green) coexpressing NOS1 protein (red) in the nose (arrows upper panels), but not in the ventral forebrain (vfb; lower panels). (b) NOS1 (green), GnRH (blue) and Kisspeptin (red) triple-immunofluorescence in the infundibulum (Inf) of adult human hypothalami. White arrowheads: contacts between NOS1-immunoreactive processes and GnRH neurons. (c) Kisspeptin fibers (red) innervating (white arrows) NOS1 cells. (d) A subpopulation of the kisspeptin neurons (asterisks) co-expressing NOS1 in the infundibulum. Scale bars: 15 μm.

Contexts in source publication

Context 1

... examined NOS1 expression during prenatal development and in adult humans using immunohistochemistry. In the nose of human fetuses, NOS1 expression was observed in some migrating GnRH neurons but lost once they reached the forebrain region ( Figure 1a). ...

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... adult patient brains, NOS1-expressing neurons were widely distributed in the hypothalamus ( Figure S1a), intermingling and interacting morphologically with GnRH neurons at various sites, including the infundibulum (Figure 1a, Figure S1b). However, GnRH neurons consistently did not co-express NOS1. ...

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... adult patient brains, NOS1-expressing neurons were widely distributed in the hypothalamus ( Figure S1a), intermingling and interacting morphologically with GnRH neurons at various sites, including the infundibulum (Figure 1a, Figure S1b). However, GnRH neurons consistently did not co-express NOS1. ...

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... adult patient brains, NOS1-expressing neurons were widely distributed in the hypothalamus ( Figure S1a), intermingling and interacting morphologically with GnRH neurons at various sites, including the infundibulum (Figure 1a, Figure S1b). However, GnRH neurons consistently did not co-express NOS1. ...

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... GnRH neurons consistently did not co-express NOS1. Both NOS1 and GnRH neurons received input from kisspeptin neurons (Figure 1b-d). A subset (11.4±3.0%) of kisspeptin neurons also expressed NOS1 (Figure 1d), a phenomenon not seen in mice, in which Nos1 immunoreactivity is absent in neurons expressing the neurokinin B receptor NK3R ( Figure S1c), used as a surrogate to identify kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (21). ...

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... NOS1 and GnRH neurons received input from kisspeptin neurons (Figure 1b-d). A subset (11.4±3.0%) of kisspeptin neurons also expressed NOS1 (Figure 1d), a phenomenon not seen in mice, in which Nos1 immunoreactivity is absent in neurons expressing the neurokinin B receptor NK3R ( Figure S1c), used as a surrogate to identify kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (21). ...

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... NOS1 and GnRH neurons received input from kisspeptin neurons (Figure 1b-d). A subset (11.4±3.0%) of kisspeptin neurons also expressed NOS1 (Figure 1d), a phenomenon not seen in mice, in which Nos1 immunoreactivity is absent in neurons expressing the neurokinin B receptor NK3R ( Figure S1c), used as a surrogate to identify kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (21). ...

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... thus explored the involvement of NOS1 in GnRH neuronal migration. Similar to human fetuses (Figure 1a), in mouse embryos at embryonic day (E) 14.5, GnRH neurons co-expressed Nos1 in the nose but not the forebrain (Figure 3a). Next, we induced a transient and site-specific inhibition of NO production by infusing the NOS inhibitor L-NAME locally into the nasal region of WT mouse embryos on E12.5, when GnRH cells start to enter the rostral forebrain (Figure 3b). ...

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... in mice, Nos1 expression appears to be highly positively regulated by gonadal steroids in the arcuate nucleus. Indeed, in contrast to all other hypothalamic areas analyzed, arcuate Nos1 is absent before the minipubertal activation of the gonads and is first seen at P23 (15) and gonadectomy in adulthood dramatically dampens its expression in both sexes ( Figure S1c). ...