FIGURE 2 - uploaded by Sandra D. Chapman
Content may be subject to copyright.
NHMUK 28660, holotype right dentary of Kukufeldia tilgatensis gen. et sp. nov. in lateral (A), dorsal (B), medial (C), and rostral (D) views. Coronoid process and caudal end of the tooth row of NHMUK 28660 in medial (E) view. Abbreviations: al1, rostral-most alveolus; al18, caudal-most alveolus; dia, diastema; ist, in situ teeth; Mg, Meckelian groove; pdg, predentary groove; rcv, rough caudoventral region; srd, smooth rostrodorsal region; sym, symphysis. Scale bars in A-C and E equal 10 cm; scale bar in D equals 5 cm.
Source publication
A nearly complete right dentary originally noted by Mantell in 1848 is redescribed. The specimen, NHMUK 28660, was discovered in a quarry near Cuckfield, West Sussex, from the same formation as the original teeth of Iguanodon anglicus. Fresh examination reveals that NHMUK 28660 exhibits a single autapomorphy (a row of foramina extending from the ve...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... rostral ramus of the dentary is straight in lateral view with parallel dorsal and ventral margins ( Fig. 2A). The symphysis is horizontal and directed rostrolaterally to caudomedially relative to the lateral surface of the dentary (Fig. 2B, C). The dorsal margin of the dentary plunges ventrally rostral to the first tooth alveolus, marking the point at which the rostral ramus begins to taper and curve medially towards the symphysis (Fig. 2C, ...
Context 2
... rostral ramus of the dentary is straight in lateral view with parallel dorsal and ventral margins ( Fig. 2A). The symphysis is horizontal and directed rostrolaterally to caudomedially relative to the lateral surface of the dentary (Fig. 2B, C). The dorsal margin of the dentary plunges ventrally rostral to the first tooth alveolus, marking the point at which the rostral ramus begins to taper and curve medially towards the symphysis (Fig. 2C, D). A shallow depression on the ventral surface of the symphyseal region forms the articulation surface for the ventromedial process of ...
Context 3
... margins ( Fig. 2A). The symphysis is horizontal and directed rostrolaterally to caudomedially relative to the lateral surface of the dentary (Fig. 2B, C). The dorsal margin of the dentary plunges ventrally rostral to the first tooth alveolus, marking the point at which the rostral ramus begins to taper and curve medially towards the symphysis (Fig. 2C, D). A shallow depression on the ventral surface of the symphyseal region forms the articulation surface for the ventromedial process of the predentary. Lateral to the symphysis, a deep groove for reception of the right lateral process of the predentary begins on the rostral margin of the dentary and curves dorsolaterally until terminating ...
Context 4
... ventral surface of the symphyseal region forms the articulation surface for the ventromedial process of the predentary. Lateral to the symphysis, a deep groove for reception of the right lateral process of the predentary begins on the rostral margin of the dentary and curves dorsolaterally until terminating on the dorsal margin of the dentary ( Fig. 2A, D). There is a short diastema on the dorsal margin extending from the caudal-most point of the predentary groove to the first alveolus ( Fig. 2A). The Meckelian groove arises caudal to the symphysis on the medial surface of the dentary and extends caudally, gradually expanding along its length until it becomes a broad, shallow depression ...
Context 5
... a deep groove for reception of the right lateral process of the predentary begins on the rostral margin of the dentary and curves dorsolaterally until terminating on the dorsal margin of the dentary ( Fig. 2A, D). There is a short diastema on the dorsal margin extending from the caudal-most point of the predentary groove to the first alveolus ( Fig. 2A). The Meckelian groove arises caudal to the symphysis on the medial surface of the dentary and extends caudally, gradually expanding along its length until it becomes a broad, shallow depression that forms the rostral portion of the adductor fossa (Fig. 2C). Maximum apicobasal height of dentary tooth crown 34 ...
Context 6
... margin extending from the caudal-most point of the predentary groove to the first alveolus ( Fig. 2A). The Meckelian groove arises caudal to the symphysis on the medial surface of the dentary and extends caudally, gradually expanding along its length until it becomes a broad, shallow depression that forms the rostral portion of the adductor fossa (Fig. 2C). Maximum apicobasal height of dentary tooth crown 34 ...
Context 7
... vertical coronoid process arises from the dorsal margin of the dentary ( Fig. 2A). Although the caudodorsal margin of the process is incomplete, nearly the entire height is preserved and only a small sliver of bone is missing from the apex. The rostral margin of the coronoid process is slightly expanded in lateral view, whilst the caudal margin is straight and unexpanded ( Fig. 2A). The process expands ...
Context 8
... from the dorsal margin of the dentary ( Fig. 2A). Although the caudodorsal margin of the process is incomplete, nearly the entire height is preserved and only a small sliver of bone is missing from the apex. The rostral margin of the coronoid process is slightly expanded in lateral view, whilst the caudal margin is straight and unexpanded ( Fig. 2A). The process expands mediolaterally as it extends dorsally, reaching its maximum thickness at approximately mid-height before flattening again towards its apex (Fig. 2D). A shelf originates at the base of the coronoid process and curves dorsally along the medial surface of the process, effectively dividing the medial surface into a ...
Context 9
... sliver of bone is missing from the apex. The rostral margin of the coronoid process is slightly expanded in lateral view, whilst the caudal margin is straight and unexpanded ( Fig. 2A). The process expands mediolaterally as it extends dorsally, reaching its maximum thickness at approximately mid-height before flattening again towards its apex (Fig. 2D). A shelf originates at the base of the coronoid process and curves dorsally along the medial surface of the process, effectively dividing the medial surface into a smooth rostrodorsal portion and a rougher caudoventral portion (Fig. 2E). The smooth area might represent the attachment site for the tendinous insertion of the adductor ...
Context 10
... dorsally, reaching its maximum thickness at approximately mid-height before flattening again towards its apex (Fig. 2D). A shelf originates at the base of the coronoid process and curves dorsally along the medial surface of the process, effectively dividing the medial surface into a smooth rostrodorsal portion and a rougher caudoventral portion (Fig. 2E). The smooth area might represent the attachment site for the tendinous insertion of the adductor muscle M. pseudotemporalis (Ostrom 1961). The rugose region is probably the articulation surface for the surangular. A very faint ridge traverses the lateral surface of the coronoid process, extending rostrodorsally from a point along the ...
Context 11
... are 18 tooth alveoli preserved; these are broad U-shaped troughs that reflect the shape of the dentary teeth (Fig. 2C). The caudal end of the tooth row and alveolar shelf is broken and abraded and partly obscured by filler such that the precise caudal extent of the tooth row relative to the base of the coronoid process cannot be determined (Fig. 2E). In dorsal view, the tooth row is straight for much of its length and extends caudomedially relative to ...
Context 12
... are 18 tooth alveoli preserved; these are broad U-shaped troughs that reflect the shape of the dentary teeth (Fig. 2C). The caudal end of the tooth row and alveolar shelf is broken and abraded and partly obscured by filler such that the precise caudal extent of the tooth row relative to the base of the coronoid process cannot be determined (Fig. 2E). In dorsal view, the tooth row is straight for much of its length and extends caudomedially relative to the lateral surface of the dentary (Fig. 2B). The tooth row begins to curve caudolaterally at the fourteenth alveolus.In overall shape, the tooth row is bowed medially in dorsal view, producing a pronounced buccal emargination ...
Context 13
... tooth row and alveolar shelf is broken and abraded and partly obscured by filler such that the precise caudal extent of the tooth row relative to the base of the coronoid process cannot be determined (Fig. 2E). In dorsal view, the tooth row is straight for much of its length and extends caudomedially relative to the lateral surface of the dentary (Fig. 2B). The tooth row begins to curve caudolaterally at the fourteenth alveolus.In overall shape, the tooth row is bowed medially in dorsal view, producing a pronounced buccal emargination lateral to the tooth ...
Context 14
... are two in situ teeth; only the apex of one tooth crown is exposed in the second alveolus, whilst a nearly complete crown rests in the fourth (Fig. 2C). It is difficult to determine the number of teeth per tooth position; considering the size of the preserved complete crown and of the alveoli, it is probable that only two teeth, one functional tooth with a replacement below it, were present in each alveolus at a given ...
Citations
... The crown of CPT-1440 shows the iguanodontian shield-like crown also present in the Late Jurassic ankylopollexians (Gilmore 1909, Galton and Powell 1980, Carpenter and Galton 2018, Maidment et al. 2022) and several Early Cretaceous styracosternans (e.g. Taquet 1976, Norman 1980, 2011, Norman and Barret 2002, Kobayashi and Azuma 2003, McDonald et al. 2010a, b, 2012, Boyd and Pagnac 2015, Fuentes-Vidarte et al. 2016, Verdú et al. 2018, Xu et al. 2018, Lockwood et al. 2021). CPT-1440 has an enamelled lingual face of the crown, with a distally offset primary ridge parallel to two mesial secondary ridges, and two mesial and distal accessory ridges. ...
... Nevertheless, the edges of the denticles exhibit small mamillations in other Early Cretaceous styracosternans, such as Ba. dawsoni(McDonald et al. 2010a, Norman 2011, 2013, H. fittoni(Norman 2015), ...
Ankylopollexia was an abundant and diverse clade of ornithopods present in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous. However, the relationships between the basal ankylopollexians are poorly understood. A new ankylopollexian ornithopod genus and species is described here, based on a dentary tooth, an ungual pollex of the manus, and an almost complete left hindlimb. The fossils come from deposits of the Villar del Arzobispo Formation (upper Kimmeridgian-Tithonian). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Oblitosaurus bunnueli gen. et sp. nov. is the basalmost member of Ankylopollexia, together with Draconyx loureiroi. Furthermore, these results have relevant taxonomic implications for the genus Camptosaurus, being the first phylogenetic analysis to support the monophyly of Camptosaurus species. The estimated size of Oblitosaurus bunnueli suggests that it is the largest ornithopod described in the Upper Jurassic of Europe and one of the largest around the world, and could be the trackmaker of large ornithopod tracks found in the Upper Jurassic of the Iberian Peninsula. This discovery increases the known ankylopollexian diversity in Iberia, revealing the presence of an Iberian basal ankylopollexian clade that does not appear to be present in the contemporaneous outcrops of North America.
... The dorsal border of the main body and the preacetabular process are straight, characters shared with D. turolensis and B. dawsoni (Fig. 6). However, the curvature and orientation of the dorsal border have been considered as being subject to intraspecific variation in I. bernissartensis (Norman, 2015;Verdú et al., 2018) and Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis (McDonald, 2010). The main body of the ilium is relatively square, as in B. dawsoni and M. atherfieldensis. ...
New material of an iguanodontid styracosternan ornithopod from the Lower Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula is described. The cranial and postcranial skeletal remains are from the Barranco del Hocino-1 site. These fossils (Iguanodontidae sensu Xu et al., 2018) represent the first medium-sized styracosternan from the Upper Sequence of the Blesa Formation (Barremian). The new material is characterized by a unique combination of characters that suggest they correspond to a new taxon: the first caudal vertebra with a ventral keel, the ilium with the preacetabular process twisted along its long axis, the dorsal surface of the preacetabular process and the main body totally straight and slender, the dorsal surface above the ischiadic peduncle slightly swollen but not forming a bulge or everted rim over the main body, and the ventral surface of the ischiadic peduncle and the postacetabular process straight and parallel to the dorsal surface of the main body. The new material is part of a vertebrate fossil assemblage of disarticulated bones but it represents the most anatomically informative remains of an styracosternan of the Oliete subbasin and would be potentially a distinct taxon.Regarding the new material along with the seven known taxa, the fossil record from the Barremian of the Iberian Peninsula depicts the existence of great diversity and abundance of ornithopod dinosaurs during the Early Cretaceous in the southwest of Europe, indeed greater than in other regions and thus aiming to be a relevant paleogeographic scenario for the evolutionary history of the group.
... It is also diagnosed by the following unique combination of features: (1) a straight morphology of the ventral margin of the rostral ramus (convergent with Iguanodon [7,37], Ouranosaurus [31], Barilium [36], Lanzhousaurus [33], Jinzhousaurus [37], Bolong [3], and Dakotadon [34]); (2) rostral tip not raised respect to the ventral margin (unlike in Ouranosaurus [31], and Bolong [3]); (3) dorsal and ventral margins parallels (unlike in I. galvensis [7], and O. nigeriensis [31] with divergent dorsal and ventral margins); (4) presence of a diastema (unlike in Lanzhousaurus [33], and Dakotadon [34]); (5) absence of a bulge along ventral margin directly ventral to the base of the coronoid process (unlike in Jinzhousaurus [37], and Ouranosaurus [31]). ...
... Several plesiomorphic characters can be observed in the tooth row of MQ98-II-1, including tooth-shaped alveoli not forming parallel vertical walls (Fig 2A), a single replacement tooth per tooth family and probably one tooth per tooth position in the occlusal plane, as in Owenodon [32], Barilium [36], Fukuisaurus [35], Lanzhousaurus [33], Iguanodon [37], Mantellisaurus [38], Hypselospinus [12], and Ouranosaurus [31]. The dentary preserves fifteen alveoli and practically all of the teeth have been lost from their respective alveoli. ...
... Although the major part of the coronoid process is missing, the most caudal tooth undoubtedly extended medial to the coronoid process but still rostral to the longitudinal axis of the process (Fig 2C), as in Ouranosaurus [31], Owenodon [32], and Dakotadon [34]. There is no broad shelf separating the coronoid process and the tooth row (Fig 2C), which resembles the condition in Fukuisaurus [35], Barilium [36], Iguanodon [37], Mantellisaurus [38], Ouranosaurus [31], Bolong [39], Hypselospinus [12], Jinzhousaurus [40], Owenodon [37], Hippodraco [41], and Dakotadon [34]. ...
A new styracosternan ornithopod genus and species is described based on the right dentary of a single specimen from the Mirambell Formation (Early Cretaceous, early Barremian) at the locality of Portell, (Castellón, Spain). Portellsaurus sosbaynati gen. et sp. nov. is diagnosed by two autapomorphic features as well as a unique combination of characters. The autapomorphies include: the absence of a bulge along the ventral margin directly ventral to the base of the coronoid process and the presence of a deep oval cavity on the medial surface of the mandibular adductor fossa below the eleventh-twelfth tooth position. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the new Iberian form is more closely related to the African taxon Ouranosaurus nigeriensis than to its synchronic Iberian taxa Magnamanus soriaensis and Iguanodon galvensis . In addition, Portellsaurus sosbaynati is less related to other Iberian taxa such as Iguanodon bernissartensis and Proa valdearinnoensis than to the other Early Cretaceous Iberian styracosternans Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis and Morelladon beltrani . A new phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed that resolves Iguanodon ( I . bernissartensis , I . galvensis ) with the Valanginian Barilium dawsoni into a monophyletic clade (Iguanodontoidea). The recognition of Portellsaurus sosbaynati gen. et sp. nov. as the first styracosternan dinosaur species identified from the Margas de Mirambell Formation (early Barremian–early late Barremian) in the Morella sub-basin (Maestrat Basin, eastern Spain) indicates that the Iberian Peninsula was home to a highly diverse assemblage of medium-to-large bodied styracosternan hadrosauriforms during the Early Cretaceous.
... Many nominal species of Iguanodon have now been assigned to different genera, with Iguanodon sensu stricto restricted to I. bernissartensis, which is known only from the Barremian in the UK (Wessex and Weald Clay formations : Norman, 1980;Paul, 2008). Other currently accepted taxa formerly assigned to Iguanodon include Owenodon hoggii (Durlston Formation, Berriasian), Barilium dawsoni, Hypselospinus fittoni and Kukufeldia tilgatensis (from the Wadhurst Clay and Tunbridge Wells Sand formations, Valanginian) and Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis (from the Wessex and Hythe formations, Barremianlower Aptian) (see Paul, 2008;Galton, 2009;Carpenter and Ishida, 2010;McDonald et al., 2010;Norman, 2010Norman, , 2011Norman, , 2015. 3) Many of the aforementioned taxa are close relatives and share numerous anatomical features. ...
... 3) Many of the aforementioned taxa are close relatives and share numerous anatomical features. As a result, taxonomic distinctions between them can only be assessed rigorously on the basis of either substantially complete specimens or through the recognition of elements bearing definitive unambiguous synapomorphies (see Paul, 2008;Galton, 2009;Carpenter and Ishida, 2010;McDonald et al., 2010;Norman, 2010Norman, , 2011Norman, , 2015. As a result, identifications of isolated iguanodontian specimens, particularly those that are character poor, such as teeth or vertebrae, are difficult or impossible to substantiate. ...
Post-Wealden dinosaur remains are rare in the UK, so any material from late Early or Late Cretaceous deposits is potentially of palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical significance. Four dinosaur specimens collected from the Woburn Sands Formation (Aptian) of Upware, Cambridgeshire were described briefly by Walter Keeping in 1883, but have not been reappraised since. These specimens are identified herein as a ?turiasaurian sauropod tooth and indeterminate iguanodontian ornithopod remains (a tooth, middle caudal vertebra, pollex ungual). Although collected from the Woburn Sands Formation, it is likely that all of these fossils were reworked from older (now absent) sediments and they have usually been regarded as either ‘Wealden’ or Neocomian in age, presumably due to previous identifications of some of these specimens as Iguanodon. However, consideration of UK dinosaur faunas and regional geology indicates that these fossils could potentially be older. Further work is needed on the derived terrestrial fossils of the Lower Greensand Group in order to constrain their ages more precisely so that they can be incorporated into broader studies of regional diversity and palaeoecology.
... Although the vertebrate fauna of the Wealden Supergroup has been considered homogeneous (e.g., Ostrom, 1970), more recent research has suggested two distinct biozones, separated by the Valanginian/Hauterivian boundary (Norman, 1987(Norman, , 2015Pereda-Suberbiola, 1993;Blows, 1998;Wright et al., 1998). The 'Lower Wealden' fauna includes the ornithopods Barilium, Hypselospinus, and Kukufeldia (Norman, 2010;McDonald et al., 2010), the theropod Becklespinax (Naish, 2011), and the sauropods Haestasaurus and Xenoposeidon (Upchurch et al., 2011). The 'Upper Wealden' fauna includes the ornithopods Hypsilophodon, Iguanodon, Mantellisaurus, and Valdosaurus (Norman, 2011), the theropods Aristosuchus, Eotyrannus, Neovenator, Baryonyx, and Yaverlandia (Naish, 2011), and the sauropods Eucamerotus and Ornithopsis (Upchurch et al., 2011). ...
Ankylosaurs, dinosaurs possessing extensive body armor, were significant components of terrestrial ecosystems from the Middle Jurassic–latest Cretaceous. They diversified during the Early Cretaceous, becoming globally widespread. The Lower Cretaceous Wealden Supergroup (Berriasian–Aptian) of Britain has produced abundant ankylosaur material, with three currently recognized taxa: Hylaeosaurus armatus (Grinstead Clay Formation, West Sussex); Polacanthus foxii (Wessex Formation, Isle of Wight); and Horshamosaurus rudgwickensis (Weald Clay Group, West Sussex). However, these taxa are poorly understood; the initial descriptions of Hylaeosaurus and Polacanthus date from the 1800s and subsequent referrals of specimens have been based largely on provenance rather than morphological comparisons. This has led to uncertainty over the definitions of these taxa and the compositions of their hypodigms. Here, we redescribe the holotypes of Hylaeosaurus and Polacanthus, provide comparisons between these taxa, and use this information to assess the taxonomy of all ankylosaur specimens from the British Wealden Supergroup. We conclude that Hylaeosaurus and Polacanthus are valid, distinct taxa, which can be diagnosed by a combination of autapomorphies and a unique combination of characters. However, in both cases, we restrict their hypodigms to the holotypes. ‘Horshamosaurus rudgwickensis’ is a nomen dubium (an indeterminate nodosaurid dinosaur) and the majority of ankylosaur specimens from the Wealden Supergroup are taxonomically indeterminate. Hylaeosaurus and Polacanthus are separated stratigraphically, with Hylaeosaurus from the Valanginian of the Weald Sub-basin and Polacanthus from the Barremian of the Wessex Sub-basin. This separation supports the hypothesis of distinct lower and upper dinosaur faunas in the Wealden Supergroup of Britain.
... Remarks.-Cranial skeleton: Dentary: ML 818 shares with other ankylopollexians, such as Camptosaurus spp., Mantelli saurus atherfiel densis, Theiophytalia kerri, Iguanodon bernissartensis, and Kukufeldia tilgatensis, parallel margins of the dentary, closed packed alveoli, and a highly emarginated parapet-like structure which constrains the tooth row (Gilmore 1909;Norman 1980Norman , 1986Brill and Car penter 2006;McDonald et al. 2010a). These characters suggest an ankylopollexian affinity for ML 818. ...
... (Galton 1974(Galton , 1983Thomas 2015). This condition is different from other akylopollexians such as Camptosaurus spp., Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis, Theiophytalia kerri, Iguanodon bernissartensis, and Kukufeldia tilgatensis in which the dentary/surangular contact is placed on the same axis or immediately posterior to the coronoid process in a nearly perpendicular fashion (Gilmore 1909;Norman 2004;Brill and Carpenter 2006;McDonald et al. 2010a). ...
Ornithopods are one of the most speciose group of herbivorous dinosaurs, rising during the Jurassic and getting extinct at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary. However, most of the attention has been given to derived forms (hadrosaurids). Herein, cranial and post-cranial ornithopod material from the Upper Jurassic Lourinhã Formation and housed at Museu da Lourinhã is described and discussed. Comparison and phylogenetic analyses has allowed the attribution of the material either to Dryosauridae or to Ankylopollexia. The large-sized taxa conservatively ascribed to Ankylopollexia, resemble more closely Early Cretaceous styracosternans than Late Jurassic taxa. Due to the lack of autapomorphic characters, it was not possible to assign the material to any of the two valid Jurassic ornithopod Portuguese species, Draconyx loureiroi and Eousdryosaurus nanohallucis, although phylogenetic analyses hint a close relationship between the Lourinhã dryosaurid material and E. nanohallucis. Principal Component Analysis plotting limb bones proportions indicates a not fully mature ontogenetic stage for the Portuguese specimens. Comparing the Portuguese ornithopod fauna with the one in Morrison Formation and Kimmeridge Clay Formation, it is remarked the key-role of Portugal to understand biogeographic patterns in the distribution of iguanodontians.
... Unique combination of characters shared by large specimens of I. bernissartensis and I. galvensis: (1) straight dentary ramus (as in Lanzhousaurus [You et al. 2005] or Barilium [McDonald, Barrett, et al. 2010;Norman 2011a]); (2) the lingual surface on the crown in the dentary teeth exhibits a prominent distally offset primary ridge and (3) less marked mesially offset secondary ridge, (4) tertiary ridges rare, and (5) marginal denticles with mammilations; (6) maxillary crowns display a very prominent primary ridge that is slightly offset distally, (7) with the mesial surface adorned by a variable number of tertiary ridges; (8) middle dorsal centra are generally tall (height > length) and narrow (height > width) on the lateral and axial aspects; whereas (9) posterior dorsal centra are proportionally tall sided (height > length), and broad (width > height) (as in Barilium [Norman 2011a]), (10) produce an almost circular (indented dorsally by the neural canal), broadly heart-shaped caudal articular face when viewed axially (as in Barilium [Norman 2011a]) and (11) become increasingly opisthocoelous approaching the sacrum (as in Barilium [Norman I. galvensis type specimen was probably measured ~ 6 m long. Like the type specimen, the second specimen has some immature features. ...
... , Shuangmiaosaurus (You et al. 2003), and Zhanghenglong (Xing et al. 2014). In dorsal view (Figure 6(C)), the tooth row converges both caudally and rostrally with the lateral wall and is bowed lingually along its caudal half, resembling the condition in Camptosaurus dispar (Gilmore 1909), Owenodon (Norman 2012), Hippodraco , Lanzhousaurus (You et al. 2005), Barilium (McDonald, Barrett, et al. 2010), I. bernissartensis (e.g. RBINS R56), Mantellisaurus (Norman 1986), Hypselospinus (Norman 2015), Ouranosaurus (Taquet 1976), Penelopognathus (Godefroit et al. 2005), Datonglong (Xu et al. 2016), Proa (e.g. ...
... I, Fig. 2 in Sanz et al. [1984]), and only ~ 9° in Ouranosaurus (Fig. 29 in Taquet [1976]). In MPG-SCH-10, the ventral margin leading to the symphysis is straight as in Camptosaurus dispar (Gilmore 1909), Lanzhousaurus (You et al. 2005), Barilium (McDonald, Barrett, et al. 2010), I. bernissartensis (e.g. RBINS R56, slightly ventrally curved in some cases [Norman 2012]), Ouranosaurus (Taquet 1976), Penelopognathus (Godefroit et al. 2005), Jinzhousaurus (Barrett et al. 2009), and Xuwulong (You et al. 2011) and, unlike the downturned rostral end in Hypselospinus (Norman 2015), Mantellisaurus (e.g. ...
Iguanodon galvensis is the second valid species in the European and Barremian large-ornithopod genus Iguanodon. In the present work, the I. galvensis holotype and referred material from the lower Barremian of Spain are described and discussed in detail. As a result, emended diagnoses of Iguanodon, I. galvensis and I. bernissartensis are proposed; I. galvensis can now be identified by three autapomorphies in the dentary, ischium and femur as well as a unique combination of characters. Moreover, I. galvensis is compared with other European Early Cretaceous large styracosternans. Finally, a new phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed that resolves Iguanodon (I. bernissartensis, I. galvensis) with the Valanginian Barilium dawsoni into a monophyletic clade (Iguanodontoidea).
... A number of papers have been published during the past decade that extend the taxonomic diversity of Wealden iguanodonts (Paul, 2008(Paul, , 2012Carpenter and Ishida, 2010;McDonald et al., 2010). Norman (2011, Chapter 27; has considered this high diversity to be unjustified, arguing that rather than representing the 20-myr timespan of the Wealden, the material represents two comparatively time-restricted horizons: one in the middle Valanginian , the other in the middle-upper Barremian-lowermost Aptian ($128-125 Ma). ...
The non-marine Wealden succession of southern England contains a great variety of fossils, new finds of which continue to reveal novel insights into the animals and plants that inhabited this part of the world during much of the Early Cretaceous. Although seldom common, careful searching during the past few years has yielded megafossils that add to previous knowledge of occurrences of taxa and palaeoenvironmental conditions. Particularly significant in this respect has been the recovery of a large number of new insect species, but there have also been numerous finds of vertebrate bones and other body parts, such as teeth, skulls, a claw and a cranial endocast. In addition, the taxonomy of some of these groups and, in the case of dinosaurs, the ichnotaxonomy of their footprints and trackways, has been reviewed and/or reassessed. In this paper, we provide an illustrated account of the research that has been published on Wealden geology and the fossils that have been recovered from the succession since a field guide to English Wealden fossils was issued by the Palaeontological Association in 2011. It is aimed at providing the reader with a document of first resort for fossil identification purposes and a lead into the literature for further information
... Varricchio et al. 2007;Butler et al. 2011;O si et al. 2012), some of which are possibly nested outside Ornithopoda (Butler et al. 2008;Boyd 2015). Additionally, the development of large-scale phylogenetic data sets (Butler et al. 2008(Butler et al. , 2011McDonald et al. 2010a;McDonald 2012;Boyd 2015), reports of intriguing discoveries (e.g. Calvo et al. 2007;McDonald et al. 2010b;Wu et al. 2010;Buffetaut & Suteethorn 2011;O si et al. 2012; Barrett et al. 2016) and detailed reappraisals of key taxa (Galton 2009;Carpenter & Ishida 2010;Norman 2015;Boyd & Pagnac 2015;Porro et al. 2015; Baron et al. 2017) facilitate the reassessment of some previously published specimens with problematic or unexplored systematic positions that hold potential for improving phylogenetic, palaeobiogeographical and ecological inferences. ...
During their long evolutionary history, neornithischian dinosaurs diverged into several clades with distinctive adaptations. However, the early evolution within Neornithischia and the resolution of the phylogenetic relationships of taxa situated near the base of the clade remain problematic. This is especially true for those taxa traditionally placed at the base of Ornithopoda, either as ‘hypsilophodontids’ or at the base of the diverse clade Iguanodontia. Recent studies are improving our understanding of the anatomy and relationships of these taxa, with discoveries of several new non-ankylopollexian ornithopods from South America and Europe providing key insights into early ornithopod evolution and palaeobiogeography. Here, we describe a new basal ornithopod, Burianosaurus augustai gen. et sp. nov., based on a well-preserved femur from the upper Cenomanian strata (Korycany Beds of the Peruc-Korycany Formation) of the Czech Republic. The new taxon is diagnosed by a unique suite of characters and represents the only occurrence of a Cenomanian non-avian dinosaur in Central Europe north of the Alpine Tethyan areas. Histological examination of the type specimen reveals the presence of a loosely packed Haversian system which suggests relatively mature bone from a possible young adult. Phylogenetic analyses of two different data sets, selected to test the placement of B. augustai in various parts of the neornithischian tree, reconstruct B. augustai as a basal ornithopod, firmly nested outside Ankylopollexia. These results also support a diverse Elasmaria as a basal clade within Ornithopoda and reconstruct Hypsilophodon outside Ornithopoda as the sister taxon to Cerapoda. However, the relationships of ‘hypsilophodontids’ within Neornithischia remain contentious.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D28A9FB8-A253-4032-8710-4F51668A1E4F
... No other scientific works have been dedicated to the description of this taxon since 1976, although a few papers referred to it (Rasmussen, 1998;Dean-Carpentier, 2008;Taquet, 2012). Despite the difficulty of gaining access to study the original holotype material, it is always included in cladistic analyses of iguanodontian dinosaurs (e.g.,Sereno, 1986;Norman, 2004;Norman, 2015;McDonald, Barrett & Chapman, 2010;McDonald, Wolfe & Kirkl, 2010;McDonald et al., 2012b;Wang et al., 2013;Tsogtbaatar et al., 2014). Since 1975, a nearly complete mounted skeleton of O. nigeriensis has been exhibited at the Museo di Storia Naturale (Natural History Museum) of Venice, Italy. ...
... There is no agreement on the phylogenetic relationships of Ouranosaurus nigeriensis (e.g.,Sereno, 1986;Norman, 2004;Norman, 2015;McDonald, Barrett & Chapman, 2010;McDonald, Wolfe & Kirkl, 2010;McDonald et al., 2012b). In his phylogeny of the Ornithischia,Sereno (1986)found Ouranosaurus to be a member of the Hadrosauroidea and sister taxon of the Hadrosauridae. ...
Ouranosaurus nigeriensis is an iconic African dinosaur taxon that has been described on the basis of two nearly complete skeletons from the Lower Cretaceous Gadoufaoua locality of the Ténéré desert in Niger. The entire holotype and a few bones attributed to the paratype formed the basis of the original description by Taquet (1976). A mounted skeleton that appears to correspond to O. nigeriensis has been on public display since 1975, exhibited at the Natural History Museum of Venice. It was never explicitly reported whether the Venice specimen represents a paratype and therefore, the second nearly complete skeleton reported in literature or a third unreported skeleton. The purpose of this paper is to disentangle the complex history of the various skeletal remains that have been attributed to Ouranosaurus nigeriensis (aided by an unpublished field map of the paratype) and to describe in detail the osteology of the Venice skeleton. The latter includes the paratype material (found in 1970 and collected in 1972), with the exception of the left femur, the right coracoid and one manus ungual phalanx I, which were replaced with plaster copies, and (possibly) other manus phalanges. Some other elements (e.g., the first two chevrons, the right femur, the right tibia, two dorsal vertebrae and some pelvic bones) were likely added from other individual/s. The vertebral column of the paratype was articulated and provides a better reference for the vertebral count of this taxon than the holotype. Several anatomical differences are observed between the holotype and the Venice specimen. Most of them can be ascribed to intraspecific variability (individual or ontogenetic), but some are probably caused by mistakes in the preparation or assemblage of the skeletal elements in both specimens. The body length of the Venice skeleton is about 90% the linear size of the holotype. Osteohistological analysis (the first for this taxon) of some long bones, a rib and a dorsal neural spine reveals that the Venice specimen is a sub-adult; this conclusion is supported by somatic evidence of immaturity. The dorsal ‘sail’ formed by the elongated neural spines of the dorsal, sacral and proximal caudal vertebrae characterizes this taxon among ornithopods; a display role is considered to be the most probable function for this bizarre structure. Compared to the mid-1970s, new information from the Venice specimen and many iguanodontian taxa known today allowed for an improved diagnosis of O. nigeriensis.
