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NCBI BLAST alignment of newly designed recG‐F and recG‐R primers with Pseudomonas cerasi strain PL963
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In May 2016, an unusual appearance of leaf spot (water‐soaked, brown‐purple, round to angular surrounded with yellow halos) was observed on the leaves of wild cherry specimens grown in Rimski Šančevi, Vojvodina (North Serbia). The causal pathogen was isolated from the wild cherry diseased leaves on Nutrient Agar supplemented with 5% sucrose and ide...
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... avii was identified as the causal agent of cankers, shoot dieback and mortality on wild Prunus avium (Ménard et al. 2003). Recently, the newly recognised species Pseudomonas cerasi was described as a pathogen causing leaf spot symptoms and cankers with gummosis on wild P. avium (Iličić et al. 2021;Kałużna et al. 2016). Pathogenicity tests showed that P. cerasi was less virulent than P. syringae pv. ...
Bacterial tree diseases have been mainly studied in agriculture and horticulture. For forest trees, damage due to bacterial diseases is understudied. Moreover, bacterial tree diseases often appear in the context of so-called complex diseases, which are dependent on other factors, such as multiple microorganisms, insects or abiotic factors which weaken the host. In recent years, outbreaks of bacterial tree diseases, such as Xylella fastidiosa in the Mediterranean region or acute oak decline (AOD) in the United Kingdom, raised the awareness of bacterial diseases on forest trees. In this review, we aim to summarise the current issues and available knowledge about bacterial diseases of forest trees in Central Europe. Furthermore, we identify potential bacterial pathogens that could gain importance in the future for central European forests. The methods used were a systematic literature search and the analysis of the data collected over the last 10 years on bacterial diseases by the Swiss forest protection service. We conclude that, on one side, complex bacterial diseases could increase in importance, especially considering ongoing climate change. Therefore, the bacterial community of diseased trees (the pathobiome) needs to be studied more in depth to understand the emergence of complex bacterial diseases. On the other side, host ranges of highly pathogenic invasive genera and species, such as Xylella, need to be investigated experimentally for common central European tree species and varieties, to implement proactive risk management strategies against bacterial diseases in forest trees. Finally, urban trees and green spaces should be monitored more closely, as they could serve as starting points for bacterial disease outbreaks in forests, similarly to other emerging diseases and pathogens.
... In California some almond orchards are adjacent to cherry orchards, and the pathogens can be easily moved from cherry to almond orchards and vice versa. This could also be a way in which P. cerasi could be introduced to almond orchards, assuming it is preferentially a cherry pathogen [80,81]. Several cherry samples have recently tested positive for P. cerasi in our labs. ...
We sequenced and comprehensively analysed the genomic architecture of 98 fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from different symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of almond and a few other Prunus spp. Phylogenomic analyses, genome mining, field pathogenicity tests, and in vitro ice nucleation and antibiotic sensitivity tests were integrated to improve knowledge of the biology and management of bacterial blast and bacterial canker of almond. We identified Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, P. cerasi, and P. viridiflava as almond canker pathogens. P. syringae pv. syringae caused both canker and foliar (blast) symptoms. In contrast, P. cerasi and P. viridiflava only caused cankers, and P. viridiflava appeared to be a weak pathogen of almond. Isolates belonging to P. syringae pv. syringae were the most frequently isolated among the pathogenic species/pathovars, composing 75% of all pathogenic isolates. P. cerasi and P. viridiflava isolates composed 8.3 and 16.7% of the pathogenic isolates, respectively. Laboratory leaf infiltration bioassays produced results distinct from experiments in the field with both P. cerasi and P. syringae pv. syringae, causing significant necrosis and browning of detached leaves, whereas P. viridiflava conferred moderate effects. Genome mining revealed the absence of key epiphytic fitness-related genes in P. cerasi and P. viridiflava genomic sequences, which could explain the contrasting field and laboratory bioassay results. P. syringae pv. syringae and P. cerasi isolates harboured the ice nucleation protein, which correlated with the ice nucleation phenotype. Results of sensitivity tests to copper and kasugamycin showed a strong linkage to putative resistance genes. Isolates harbouring the ctpV gene showed resistance to copper up to 600 μg/ml. In contrast, isolates without the ctpV gene could not grow on nutrient agar amended with 200 μg/ml copper, suggesting ctpV can be used to phenotype copper resistance. All isolates were sensitive to kasugamycin at the label-recommended rate of 100μg/ml.
... A DNA extraction kit was used to extract the DNA of the antagonistic bacteria according to the manufacturer's instructions. The extracted genomic DNA of the tested strain was used as the template, and the bacterial universal primers 16S rDNA (Nurhayati, 2019) and gyrB (Iličić et al., 2021) was used to amplify the genomic DNA of the tested strains. DNA markers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products (5 μl) were taken. ...
The aim of this study was to isolate biocontrol bacteria that could antagonize brown rot of Dendrocalamus latiflorus, optimize the culture conditions, and develop an effective biocontrol preparation for brown rot of D. latiflorus. This study isolated a bacterium with an antagonistic effect on bamboo brown rot from healthy D. latiflorus rhizosphere soil. Morphology, molecular biology, and physiological biochemistry methods identified it as Bacillus siamensis. The following culturing media and conditions improved the inhibition effect of B. siamensis: the best culturing media were 2% sucrose, 1.5% yeast extract, and 0.7% potassium chloride; the optimal culturing time, temperature, pH, and inoculation amount were 48 h, 30℃, 6, and 20%. The optimum formula of the applying bacterial suspension was 14% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate emulsifier, 4% Na2HPO4·2H2O, 0.3% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose thickener, and 20% B. siamensis. The pot experiment results showed the control effect of applying bacterial suspension, diluted 1,000 times is still better than that of 24% fenbuconazole suspension. The applying bacterial suspension enables reliable control of brown rot in D. latiflorus.
... Повећање глобалне температуре утиче на помјерање агроклиматских зона према сјеверу на сјеверној хемисфери или на више надморске висине, мијењајући тако географску дистрибуцију биљних патогена у нова подручја Bodiroga et al. 2017;Perković i sar. 2017а, 2017б;Nikolić et al. 2018;Tomić et al. 2018;Waleron et al. 2019;Popović 2020, 2021a;Marković et al. 2021aMarković et al. , 2021б, 2022Mitrović et al. 2021;Trkulja et al. 2021;Iličić et al. 2022). Притом ће прилагођавање патогена у новом окружењу зависити од брзине њиховог ширења, могућности преживљавања ван вегетационе сезоне и способности да се прилагоде било којој промјени у биологији свог домаћина. ...
... (Waleron et al. 2019), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (Trkulјa et al. 2013б), Iris yellow spot virus (Trkulјa et al. 2013в), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (Trkulјa et al. 2014а), Watermelon mosaic virus (Trkulјa et al. 2014б), Dasheen mosaic virus (Grausgruber-Gröger et al. 2016), 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' , затим врсте родова Pectobacterium (Popović i sar. 2018;Popović et al. 2019а;Marković et al. 2021б, 2022, Pseudomonas Nikolić et al. 2018;Iličić et al. 2022), Brenneria (Popović et al. 2013a) Colletotrichum graminicola (Cuevas-Fernández et al. 2019) и други. Појава и ширење све већег броја патогена указује на утицај глобалних климатских промјена на динамику популација проузроковача болести. ...
The effects of climate change on harmful organisms are complex because other factors of influence are not constant, but are changing. In addition, climate change can affect harmful organisms differently or similarly, depending on which group of organisms they belong to: fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, nematodes, etc. In fitopathogenic fungi, these effects are manifested in terms of: changes in biology; faster evolution due to longer seasons of the year; the emergence of new races or greater aggressiveness of existing species due to gene recombination; changes in geographical distribution, either towards the northern hemisphere or in areas of higher altitude; introduction of quarantine and invasive species, as well as expansion into new areas in relation to the area of origin; higher mycotoxin production; etc. For viruses and bacteria, which are transmitted by vectors, the impact of climate change on the presence, spreading and number of vectors is of special importance. The positive impact of climate change on different pests can be manifested in the form of: changes in biology and emergence of a higher number of generations; increased numbers and fertility; better overwintering; extended range of hosts; introduction of quarantine and invasive species; spreading to new areas; etc. The positive effects of climate change on harmful organisms are most often with a negative effect on the development of agriculture and food production, forestry development, biodiversity and the environment – due to possibility of greater economic damage, as well as greater needs for pesticides. Climate change can also affect host plants, with their loss of the natural basis of resistance being of particular importance.
Although some progress has been made in monitoring and understanding climate change, there is still a need for many scientific, technical and institutional solutions to precisely plan, adjust and alleviate the effects of climate change on harmful organisms and hosts, as well as their interaction.
... The following thermal cycling parameters were used: initial denaturation at 94 • C for 5 min; 30 cycles of 94 • C for 1 min; 55 • C for 1 min; 72 • C for 1 min; and final elongation at 72 • C for 10 min. Using the QIAquick PCR purification kit from Qiagen (Hilden, Germany), 16S rDNA PCR products were purified before being sequenced at Macrogen Inc., Republic of Korea [58][59][60]. ...
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria represent a serious public health threat. For that reason, the development of new and effective antibiotics to control pathogens has become necessary. The current study aims to search for new microorganisms expressing antibiotic production capacity. Fifteen sites covering a wide range of harsh environmental conditions in Egypt were investigated. Two hundred and eighty bacterial isolates were obtained and then tested against pathogenic bacteria using the agar disk diffusion technique. Fifty-two (18.6% of the total) of the isolates exhibited antagonistic properties, which affected one or more of the tested pathogens. The isolate 113 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis and isolate 10 was identified as Brevibacillus borstelensis using the 16S rRNA technique. The B. licheniformis strain was stronger in antibiotic production against S. typhi, M. luteus, and P. ariginosa, whereas the strain Br. borstelensis was more efficient against B. cereus, E. coli, and Klebs. sp. The sensitivity of the strains to commercial antibiotics showed that B. licheniformis was highly sensitive to seven commercial antibiotics, whereas Br. borstelensis was sensitive to nine antibiotics. The two strains were subjected to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis to obtain mutants with a higher antibiotic production. The total bacterial count was measured after treatment with EMS mutagen and showed a significant gradual increase in the antimicrobial activity, which was achieved via shaking in the presence of EMS for 60 min. High antimicrobial activities were noted with 17 and 14 mutants from the B. licheniformis and Br. borstelensis strains, respectively. The mutant B. licheniformis (M15/Amo) was more active than the parent strain against S. aureus (212.5%), while the mutant Br. borstelensis (B7/Neo) was more effective against S. typhi (83.3%). The present study demonstrates the possibility of obtaining potent antibiotic-producing bacteria in hot spring waters and further improving the indigenous bacterial capacity to produce antibiotics by using EMS mutagenesis.
... Повећање глобалне температуре утиче на помјерање агроклиматских зона према сјеверу на сјеверној хемисфери или на више надморске висине, мијењајући тако географску дистрибуцију биљних патогена у нова подручја Bodiroga et al. 2017;Perković i sar. 2017а, 2017б;Nikolić et al. 2018;Tomić et al. 2018;Waleron et al. 2019;Popović 2020, 2021a;Marković et al. 2021aMarković et al. , 2021б, 2022Mitrović et al. 2021;Trkulja et al. 2021;Iličić et al. 2022). Притом ће прилагођавање патогена у новом окружењу зависити од брзине њиховог ширења, могућности преживљавања ван вегетационе сезоне и способности да се прилагоде било којој промјени у биологији свог домаћина. ...
... (Waleron et al. 2019), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (Trkulјa et al. 2013б), Iris yellow spot virus (Trkulјa et al. 2013в), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (Trkulјa et al. 2014а), Watermelon mosaic virus (Trkulјa et al. 2014б), Dasheen mosaic virus (Grausgruber-Gröger et al. 2016), 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' , затим врсте родова Pectobacterium (Popović i sar. 2018;Popović et al. 2019а;Marković et al. 2021б, 2022, Pseudomonas Nikolić et al. 2018;Iličić et al. 2022), Brenneria (Popović et al. 2013a) Colletotrichum graminicola (Cuevas-Fernández et al. 2019) и други. Појава и ширење све већег броја патогена указује на утицај глобалних климатских промјена на динамику популација проузроковача болести. ...
The effects of climate change on harmful organisms are complex because other factors of influence are not constant, but are changing. In addition, climate change can affect harmful organisms differently or similarly, depending on which group of organisms they belong to: fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, nematodes, etc. In fitopathogenic fungi, these effects are manifested in terms of: changes in biology; faster evolution due to longer seasons of the year; the emergence of new races or greater aggressiveness of existing species due to gene recombination; changes in geographical distribution, either towards the northern hemisphere or in areas of higher altitude; introduction of quarantine and invasive species, as well as expansion into new areas in relation to the area of origin; higher mycotoxin production; etc. For viruses and bacteria, which are transmitted by vectors, the impact of climate change on the presence, spreading and number of vectors is of special importance. The positive impact of climate change on different pests can be manifested in the form of: changes in biology and emergence of a higher number of generations; increased numbers and fertility; better overwintering; extended range of hosts; introduction of quarantine and invasive species; spreading to new areas; etc. The positive effects of climate change on harmful organisms are most often with a negative effect on the development of agriculture and food production, forestry development, biodiversity and the environment – due to possibility of greater economic damage, as well as greater needs for pesticides. Climate change can also affect host plants, with their loss of the natural basis of resistance being of particular importance.
... In particular, affected crops include oil pumpkins with disease incidence (DI) of 5-20% (Balaž et al. 2014), peas where DI reached 10-30% (Popović et al. 2015a), Swiss chard with DI 2-20% (Ignjatov et al. 2015), sugar beet with DI 0.1-40% (Stojšin et al. 2015), carrot, parsley and parsnip with DI 5-20% (Popović et al. 2015b). Among woody plants, its host was cherry, with DI up to 25% (Balaž et al. 2016;Ilicic et al. 2021;Iličić et al. 2022). The highest DI of 80% was recorded in the blueberry orchard in Šabac, where 10% of the plants died (Zlatković et al. 2022). ...
Plant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas syringae ( Psy ) spp. have been detected in nonagricultural habitats, including those associated with the water cycle. Their presence in aquatic systems allows dissemination over long distances, especially with irrigation practices. In May 2021, we sampled 15 sites along the Danube River Basin in Serbia to gain insight into P. syringae abundance and diversity. We identified 79 Psy strains using Psy- specific primers, and a partial sequence of the citrate synthase ( cts ) house-keeping gene has served for phylogenetic diversity assessments. Phenotypic diversity determination included characterizing features linked with survival and pathogenic lifestyle. The ice nucleation activity, pectinolytic activity, swimming and swarming assays, and hypersensitive reaction on plants were tested. Psy was detected at ten of 15 sites examined at abundance ranging from 1.0 × 10 ² to 1.2 × 10 ⁴ CFU/L. We discovered the presence of four phylogroups, with phylogroup 2 being the most abundant, followed by phylogroups 7, 9, and 13. The hypersensitive reaction was induced by 68.63% of the isolates from the collection. A partial sequence comparison of the cts gene showed 100% similarity between isolates from cherry plants epidemics in Serbia caused by Psy and isolates from the Danube River. Our results suggest that the Danube River, extensively used for irrigation of agricultural fields, harbors diverse strains of Psy, which possess various features that could lead to potential disease outbreaks on crops. This study represents the first in-depth analysis of Psy abundance and diversity in the Danube River Basin. It sets the ground for future pre-epidemic studies and seasonal monitoring of Psy population dynamics.
... RDA analysis showed that Enterobacter and Pseudomonas were negatively correlated with most soil environmental factors (pH, hydrolysis N, available P, and available K), which shows that they play an important role in P. tunicoides root rot. Klebsiella is pathogenic bacteria of plants [33], some species of Enterobacter and Pseudomonas are also pathogenic bacteria, such as Enterobacter cloacae can cause ginger root rot, Pseudomonas cerasi is a pathogen of wild cherry [34,35]. These results provide insights for exploring the causes of P. tunicoides disease. ...
The wild resources of Psammosilene tunicoides have decreased sharply because of the long-term mining and excavation, which has led to the increased demand for its artificial cultivation. However, root rot represents a significant obstacle leading to a poor quality and product of P. tunicoides . Previous reports have not focused on root rot in P. tunicoides. Therefore, this study explores the rhizospheric and root endophytic microbial community structure and composition of healthy and root rot P. tunicoides to understand the mechanism underlying root rot . The properties of the rhizosphere soil were assessed using physiochemical methods, and the bacterial and fungal populations were studied through amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes and ITS regions in the root and soil. Compared to healthy samples, the pH, hydrolysis N, available P, and available K were significantly decreased in the diseased samples while the organic matter and total organic carbon were significantly increased in the diseased samples. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil environmental factors are related to changes in the root and rhizosphere soil microbial community of P. tunicoides indicating that the physiochemical properties of soil affect plant health. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the microbial communities of healthy and diseased samples were similar. Some bacterial and fungal genera were significantly increased or decreased ( P < 0.05) in diseased P. tunicoides , and certain microbial factors that antagonized root rot were further explored. This study provides an abundant microbial resource for future studies and contributes to improving soil quality and P. tunicoides agricultural production.
... Pseudomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria including, inter alia, the known plant pathogen species. The phytopathogenic pseudomonads cause a wide range of plant diseases: necrotic lesions of fruit [1,2], stems [1,3], and leaves [1,2,4], hyperplasias (galls) [5], tissue macerations (rots) [6,7], cankers [1,8,9], blights [10], and vascular infections (wilts) [11]. Plant diseases caused by Pseudomonas are widespread throughout the world and infect a large number of higher plants, including agriculturally important crops, resulting in the loss of agribusiness profits and other consequential damages that ultimately have a negative impact on the world food supplies and economy. ...
Phytopathogenic pseudomonads are widespread in the world and cause a wide range of plant diseases. In this work, we describe the Pseudomonas phage Pf-10, which is a part of the biopesticide “multiphage” used for bacterial diseases of agricultural crops caused by Pseudomonas syringae. The Pf-10 chromosome is a dsDNA molecule with two direct terminal repeats (DTRs). The phage ge-nomic DNA is 39,424 bp long with a GC-content of 56.5%. The Pf-10 phage uses a packaging mechanism based on T7-like short DTRs, and the length of each terminal repeat is 257 bp. Electron microscopic analysis has shown that phage Pf-10 has the podovirus morphotype. Phage Pf-10 is highly stable at pH values from 5 to 10 and temperatures from 4 to 60 °C and has a lytic activity against Pseudomonas strains. Phage Pf-10 is characterized by fast adsorption rate (80% of virions attach to the host cells in 10 min), but has a relatively small number of progeny (37 ± 8.5 phage particles per infected cell). According to the phylogenetic analysis, phage Pf-10 can be classified as a new phage species belonging to the genus Pifdecavirus, subfamily Studiervirinae, family Au-tographiviridae, order Caudovirales.
Biotechnology is one of the emerging fields that can add new and better application in a wide range of sectors like health care, service sector, agriculture, and processing industry to name some. This book will provide an excellent opportunity to focus on recent developments in the frontier areas of Biotechnology and establish new collaborations in these areas. The book will highlight multidisciplinary perspectives to interested biotechnologists, microbiologists, pharmaceutical experts, bioprocess engineers, agronomists, medical professionals, sustainability researchers and academicians. This technical publication will provide a platform for potential knowledge exhibition on recent trends, theories and practices in the field of Biotechnology. Aim of the research articles are invited in the following areas of interest.
